Cited by 173Climate Change and GeoengineeringMarine and coastal ecosystemsAtmospheric aerosols and clouds

Ocean fertilization for geoengineering: A review of effectiveness, environmental impacts and emerging governance

Open access
Williamson, Phillip, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Law, Cliff S., Boyd, Philip W., Collos, Yves, Croot, Peter, Denman, Ken, Riebesell, Ulf +2 more·2012·Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.psep.2012.10.007

Cites

127 of 127 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The issue with permanence, impact on ecosystems, low sequestration efficiency, and lack of adequate monitoring, reporting and verification systems do not support the concept that ocean fertilization is an effective climate change abatement approach.

    “The issue with permeance, impact on ecosystems, low sequestration efficiency, as well as lack of adequate monitoring, reporting and verification systems, do not support the concept that ocean fertilization is an effective climate change abatement approach (Fuss et al. 2018;Williamson et al. 2012).”

    From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Williamson et al. 2012

  • Side effects of ocean fertilization include ocean acidification, deep and mid-water oxygen decrease or depletion, increase in production of further greenhouse gases, unpredictable impact on food cycles, creation of toxic algal blooms, and mixed effects on seafloor and upper ocean ecosystems.

    “Side effects of ocean fertilization that are discussed in the literature include ocean acidification, deep and mid-water oxygen decrease or depletion, increase in production of further greenhouse gases, unpredictable impact on food cycles, creation of toxic algal blooms as well as mixed effects on the seafloor and upper ocean ecosystems (Fuss et al. 2018;Williamson et al. 2012).”

    From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Williamson et al. 2012

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Authors
Williamson, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Law, C. S., Boyd, P. W., Collos, Y., Croot, P., Denman, K., Riebesell, U., Takeda, S., & Vivian, C.
Affiliations
  • University of East Anglia (GB)
  • Dalhousie University (CA)
  • National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NZ)
  • University of Otago (NZ)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
  • University of Victoria (CA)
  • GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
  • Nagasaki University (JP)
  • Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (GB)
Corresponding author
Williamson, Phillip
Venue
Process Safety and Environmental Protection
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-11
Volume
90
Issue
6
Pages
475-488
ISSN
  • 0263-8762 (ISSN-L)
  • 0957-5820
OpenAlex
W2142209450
Cited by
172
References
130
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Process Safety and Environmental Protection (publishedVersion)
  • Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
  • eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24121006)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords
ocean fertilization, geoengineering, iron fertilization, nutrient addition, carbon dioxide removal, carbon sequestration, Southern Ocean, environmental impact, unintended consequences, monitoring and verification, international governance, greenhouse gas emissions

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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