Ocean fertilization for geoengineering: A review of effectiveness, environmental impacts and emerging governance
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The issue with permanence, impact on ecosystems, low sequestration efficiency, and lack of adequate monitoring, reporting and verification systems do not support the concept that ocean fertilization is an effective climate change abatement approach.
“The issue with permeance, impact on ecosystems, low sequestration efficiency, as well as lack of adequate monitoring, reporting and verification systems, do not support the concept that ocean fertilization is an effective climate change abatement approach (Fuss et al. 2018;Williamson et al. 2012).”
From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Williamson et al. 2012
Side effects of ocean fertilization include ocean acidification, deep and mid-water oxygen decrease or depletion, increase in production of further greenhouse gases, unpredictable impact on food cycles, creation of toxic algal blooms, and mixed effects on seafloor and upper ocean ecosystems.
“Side effects of ocean fertilization that are discussed in the literature include ocean acidification, deep and mid-water oxygen decrease or depletion, increase in production of further greenhouse gases, unpredictable impact on food cycles, creation of toxic algal blooms as well as mixed effects on the seafloor and upper ocean ecosystems (Fuss et al. 2018;Williamson et al. 2012).”
From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Williamson et al. 2012
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Williamson, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Law, C. S., Boyd, P. W., Collos, Y., Croot, P., Denman, K., Riebesell, U., Takeda, S., & Vivian, C.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NZ)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
- Nagasaki University (JP)
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Williamson, Phillip
- ORCID
- Venue
- Process Safety and Environmental Protection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 475-488
- ISSN
- 0263-8762 (ISSN-L)
- 0957-5820
- OpenAlex
- W2142209450
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Process Safety and Environmental Protection (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24121006)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- ocean fertilization, geoengineering, iron fertilization, nutrient addition, carbon dioxide removal, carbon sequestration, Southern Ocean, environmental impact, unintended consequences, monitoring and verification, international governance, greenhouse gas emissions
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