Intact alternation performance in high lethality suicide attempters
Open accessAbstract
Suicide attempters often perform poorly on tasks linked to ventral prefrontal cortical (VPFC) function. Object Alternation (OA) - a VPFC probe - has not been used in these studies. In this study, currently depressed medication-free past suicide attempters whose most severe attempt was of high (n=31) vs. low (n=64) lethality, 114 medication-free depressed non-attempters, and 86 non-patients completed a computerized OA task. Participants also completed comparison tasks assessing the discriminant validity of OA (Wisconsin Card Sort), its concurrent validity relative to tasks associated with past attempt status (computerized Stroop task, Buschke Selective Reminding Test), and its construct validity as a VPFC measure (Go-No Go and Iowa Gambling Task). Against expectations, high lethality suicide attempters - the majority of whom used non-violent methods in their attempts with some planning - outperformed other depressed groups on OA, with no group differences observed on Wisconsin Card Sort. Despite intact performance on OA, past attempters exhibited deficits on the Stroop and Buschke. OA performance was associated with performance on Go-No Go and Iowa Gambling, confirming that OA measures a similar construct. VPFC dysfunction may not be a characteristic of all suicide attempters, especially those who make more carefully planned, non-violent - though potentially lethal - attempts.
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High-lethality attempters show less delayed discounting and perform better on an object alternation task, indicating greater executive control and response organization.
“High-lethality attempters have greater impairment of reward learning, hampering the search for alternative solutions (34), but they have less delayed discounting (i.e., they can suppress the desire for immediate satisfaction in favor of delayed reward) (35) and perform better on an object alternation task, indicating greater executive control and response organization (25).”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
High-lethality suicide attempters are generally more deliberate and planned than low-lethality attempters.
“Decision making differs in high-lethality suicide attempters relative to low-lethality attempters because the former are generally more deliberate and planned.”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Keilp, J. G., Wyatt, G., Gorlyn, M., Oquendo, M. A., Burke, A. K., & John Mann, J.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keilp, John G.
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 219
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-136
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4410782
- OpenAlex
- W1978106100
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH62155, R01MH059710, MH48514, R01MH062155, R01MH048514, MH 59710, P50MH062185)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- suicide attempters, ventral prefrontal cortex, suicide lethality, depression, executive function, Stroop task, go/no-go task, Iowa Gambling Task, task validity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Female, Games, Experimental, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Suicide, Attempted, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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