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Cited by 73Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentCOVID-19 and Mental Health

Intolerance of uncertainty, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety - Differences by diagnosis and symptoms

Counsell, Alyssa, Furtado, Melissa, Iorio, Christina, Anand, Leena, Canzonieri, Alexandra, Fine, Alexa, Fotinos, Kathryn, Epstein, Irvin +1 more·2017·Psychiatry Research
DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.046

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Abstract

Research suggests that Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is related to the severity of suffering in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). However, its role in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) has not been extensively studied. This study examines IU in a clinical sample of 248 individuals referred to a tertiary care clinic. Few individuals had a diagnosis of pure SAD or pure GAD, but we examined differences of IU scores by diagnostic category. We further examined the relationships between IU scores, social anxiety scores, and worry through a structural equation model. We found that diagnostic category (SAD versus GAD) accounted for little variability in IU scores, but IU scores were strongly related to symptoms of both GAD and SAD. Results highlight that IU is related to both social anxiety and worry; however aspects of IU associated with being unable to act or avoiding uncertainty are more strongly associated with SAD symptoms, whereas aspects of IU more associated with general stress and perceiving uncertainty as unfair are more strongly associated with GAD symptoms. Our results suggest that IU is an important concept for both social anxiety and generalized anxiety, however the relationship between IU and symptoms of these disorders manifests differently.

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  • There is significant overlap between SAD and GAD at the diagnostic level and in terms of the content of their worries, with several studies finding strong relationships between IU and social anxiety in adolescents.

    “Also, there is significant overlap between SAD and GAD at the diagnostic level and in terms of the content of their worries, with several studies finding strong relationships between IU and social anxiety in adolescents (Boelen & Reijntjes, 2009;Boelen, Vrinssen, & van Tulder, 2010;Counsell et al., 2017).”

    From Intolerance of Uncertainty–Focused Treatment for Adolescents With Excessive Worry: A Pilot Feasibility Study (2020) · cites this paper as Counsell et al., 2017

  • IU has been related to social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia and hypochondria, PTSD, and major depressive disorder.

    “With regard to anxiety-related disorders per se, IU has been related to social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia and hypochondria, PTSD, and major depressive disorder. 5,18,19-21”

    From Psychometric properties of the brazilian intolerance of uncertainty scale – short version (Ius-12) (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Counsell, A., Furtado, M., Iorio, C., Anand, L., Canzonieri, A., Fine, A., Fotinos, K., Epstein, I., & Katzman, M. A.
Affiliations
  • York University (CA)
  • START Clinic (CA)
Corresponding author
Katzman, Martin A.
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatry Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-06
Volume
252
Pages
63-69
ISSN
0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.046
OpenAlex
W2590969625
Cited by
73
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
FWCI
5.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Keywords
intolerance of uncertainty, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, worry, diagnostic differences, anxiety symptoms
MeSH terms
Phobia, Social, Patient Health Questionnaire, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Avoidance Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological, Uncertainty, Symptom Assessment

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