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Cited by 967Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

DSM-III-R Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich·1994·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050015002
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nationally representative general population data are presented on the current, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as well as on risk factors, comorbidity, and related impairments. METHODS: The data are from the National Comorbidity Survey, a large general population survey of persons aged 15 to 54 years in the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States. DSM-III-R GAD was assessed by lay interviewers using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Generalized anxiety disorder was found to be a relatively rare current disorder with a current prevalence of 1.6% but was found to be a more frequent lifetime disorder affecting 5.1% of the US population aged 15 to 45 years. Generalized anxiety disorder was twice as common among women as among men. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being older than 24 years, separated, widowed, divorced, unemployed, and a homemaker are significant correlates of GAD. Consistent with studies in treatment samples, we found that GAD was frequently associated with a wide spectrum of other mental disorders, with a lifetime comorbidity among 90.4% of the people who had a history of GAD. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the traditional view that GAD is a mild disorder, we found that the majority of people with GAD, whether they were comorbid or not, reported substantial interference with their life, a high degree of professional help seeking, and a high use of medication because of their GAD symptoms. Although lifetime GAD is highly comorbid, the proportion of current GAD that is not accompanied by any other current diagnosis is high enough to indicate that GAD should be considered an independent disorder rather than exclusively a residual or prodrome of other disorders.

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Authors
Wittchen, H.-U.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1994-05-01
Volume
51
Issue
5
Pages
355
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050015002
OpenAlex
W2037875799
Cited by
967
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 44
FWCI
17.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH046376, 5 R01 MH46376)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
generalized anxiety disorder, prevalence, lifetime prevalence, comorbidities, risk factors, gender differences, functional disability, help-seeking, medication use, DSM-III-R, National Comorbidity Survey, Composite International Diagnostic Interview
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Divorce, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Unemployment, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence

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