Optimism, mindfulness, and resilience as potential protective factors for the mental health consequences of fear of the coronavirus
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on mental health. Prior reports have shown that depression, anxiety, and stress have increased throughout the pandemic. Nonetheless, not everyone is affected by these negative consequences and some people may be relatively unaffected. In this online study in a predominantly Dutch and Belgian sample (N = 546), we investigated whether positive personality traits such as optimism, mindfulness, and resilience may protect against the negative mental health consequences (i.e., fear of the coronavirus, depression, stress, and anxiety) of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that fear of COVID-19 was related to higher depression, stress, and anxiety. However, for participants scoring high on mindfulness, optimism, and resilience, this relationship was weakened. In addition to these findings, we present the results of network analyses to explore the network structure between these constructs. These results help to identify possible ways through which psychological well-being can be promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Trait mindfulness can moderate the relationship between fear of the coronavirus and psychological distress.
“Moreover, trait mindfulness can also moderate the relationship between fear of the coronavirus and psychological distress (Vos et al., 2021).”
From The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as Vos et al., 2021
People vary in their COVID-19 concerns and in their vulnerability to the pandemic's psychosocial effects.
“In addition, individual differences exist in the level of COVID-19 related concerns and therefore in the vulnerability to the psychosocial effects of the pandemic (Mertens, Gerritsen, et al., 2020; Taylor et al., 2021; Vos et al., 2021).”
From The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as Vos et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482 · see citing works
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378 · see citing works
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523 · see citing works
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063 · Cited by 7,456 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851 · see citing works
The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802222972 · Cited by 6,439 · see citing works
Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper
Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1 · Cited by 5,715 · see citing works
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715 · see citing works
WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard
(2020) · Bangladesh Physiotherapy Journal · doi:10.46945/bpj.10.1.03.01 · Cited by 5,545 · see citing works
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191107313003 · Cited by 2,930 · see citing works
A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks
Epskamp, S., & Fried, E. I. (2018) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000167 · Cited by 2,918 · see citing works
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006 · Cited by 2,051 · see citing works
Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Bolier, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J., Riper, H., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-119 · Cited by 1,996 · see citing works
Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093165 · Cited by 1,899 · see citing works
Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020
Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258 · Cited by 1,264 · see citing works
Self-citationExtended Bayesian Information Criteria for Gaussian Graphical ModelsPreprint
Foygel, R., & Drton, M. (2010) · Neural Information Processing Systems · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1011.6640 · Cited by 1,221 · see citing works
Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232 · Cited by 1,169 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health
Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039 · Cited by 1,131 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In particular, being resilient help individuals to cope with stressful experiences and reduces the negative mental health impact of exposure to traumatic life events (Hu et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011 · Cited by 919 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Being aware of one’s experiences and accepting negative thoughts and feelings is related to lower psychological distress during stressful life events (Lindsay and Creswell, 2017).”
BackgroundTzur Bitan, D., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Positive Affect and Psychobiological Processes Relevant to Health
Steptoe, A., Dockray, S., & Wardle, J. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00599.x · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Ran, L., Wang, W., Ai, M., Kong, Y., Chen, J., & Kuang, L. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113261 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism
Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. (2009) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760903157166 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Conversano, C., Di Giuseppe, M., Miccoli, M., Ciacchini, R., Gemignani, A., & Orrù, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01900 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Anxiety, pandemic‐related stress and resilience among physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Mosheva, M., Hertz‐Palmor, N., Dorman-Ilan, S., Matalon, N., Pessach, I. M., Afek, A. B., Ziv, A., Kreiss, Y., Gross, R., & Gothelf, D. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23085 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Matiz, A., Fabbro, F., Paschetto, A., Cantone, D., Paolone, A. R., & Crescentini, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186450 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The future of mindfulness training is digital, and the future is now
Mrazek, A. J., Mrazek, M. D., Cherolini, C. M., Cloughesy, J. N., Cynman, D. J., Gougis, L. J., Landry, A. P., Reese, J. V., & Schooler, J. W. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.11.012 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Yang, Z., Wang, X., Li, J., Dong, L., Wang, F., Li, Y., Wei, R., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15425 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Positive psychology and the internet: A mental health opportunity
Mitchell, J., Vella-Brodrick, D., & Klein, B. (2010) · E-Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.7790/ejap.v6i2.230 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The impact of resilience and subsequent stressful life events on MDD and GAD
Sheerin, C. M., Lind, M. J., Brown, E. A., Gardner, C. O., Kendler, K. S., & Amstadter, A. B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22700 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Pressman, S. D. (2012) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12026 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 on college anxiety, optimism, gratitude, and course satisfaction
Biber, D., Melton, B. F., & Czech, D. R. (2020) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1842424 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Mertens, G., Duijndam, S., Smeets, T., & Lodder, P. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102415 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationBergomi, C., Ströhle, G., Michalak, J., Funke, F., & Berking, M. (2013) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.713391 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
van Son, J., Nyklíček, I., Nefs, G., Speight, J., Pop, V. J., & Pouwer, F. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-014-9592-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of a short form Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (TFMQ-SF) in pregnant women
Truijens, S. E. M., Nyklíček, I., van Son, J., & Pop, V. J. M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.037 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationNyklíček, I., Hoogwegt, F., & Westgeest, T. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.08.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alimoradi, Z., Ohayon, M. M., Griffiths, M. D., Lin, C., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.26 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Hope and Optimism as an Opportunity to Improve the “Positive Mental Health” Demand
Laranjeira, C., & Querido, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827320 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Pellerin, N., Raufaste, É., Corman, M., Teissèdre, F., & Dambrun, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14572-5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Li, X., Yu, H., & Yang, N. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04336-y · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Han, S.-S., Zhang, Y.-S., Zhu, W., Ye, Y.-P., Li, Y.-X., Meng, S., Feng, S., Han, L., Cui, Z.-L., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22443-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Depressive and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of the Inflammatory Background of COVID-19
Dąbrowska, E., Galińska-Skok, B., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11101056 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Factors associated with mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Vitorino, L. M., Júnior, G. H. Y., Gonzaga, G., Dias, I. F., Pereira, J. P. L., Ribeiro, I. M. G., França, A. B., Al‐Zaben, F., Koenig, H. G., & Trzesniak, C. M. F. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.62 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Schäfer, S. K., Fritz, J., Sopp, M. R., Kunzler, A. M., von Boros, L., Tüscher, O., Göritz, A. S., Lieb, K., & Michael, T. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02603-2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ponder, W. N., Walters, K. J., Simons, J. S., Simons, R. M., Jetelina, K. K., & Carbajal, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.097 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Green exercise, mental health symptoms, and state lockdown policies: A longitudinal study
Das, A., & Gailey, S. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101848 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kim, S., Park, I.-H., Kim, M., Park, A., Jhon, M., Kim, J., Kang, H., Ryu, S., Lee, J., & Kim, J. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03449-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Jo, D., Pyo, S., Hwang, Y., Seung, Y., & Yang, E. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100798 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lin, H., Zhu, Y.-Y., Liu, Q., & Li, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434624 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Baker, L. D., Ponder, W. N., Carbajal, J., Galusha, J. M., Hidalgo, J. E., & Price, M. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.038 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Social Support and Well-being among Relocating Women: The Mediating Roles of Resilience and Optimism
Sagi, L., Bareket‐Bojmel, L., Tziner, A. E., Icekson, T., & Mordoch, T. (2021) · Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.5093/jwop2021a11 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Arslan, G. (2021) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1871122 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hope and Resilience Related to Fear of COVID-19 in Young People
Javier-Aliaga, D., Quispe, G., Zúñiga, D. Q., Rengifo, C. A., & White, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Validation of the PCL-5, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 in a Sample of Veterans
Ahmadi, A., Ponder, W. N., Carbajal, J., Schuman, D. L., Whitworth, J., Yockey, R. A., & Galusha, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002898 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Matthes, J., Koban, K., Neureiter, A., & Stević, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/28700 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Shek, D. T. L., Chai, W. Y., Wong, T., & Zhou, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071938 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Adamczyk, K., Clark, D. A., & Pradelok, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260459 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cvetković, V. M., Nikolić, N., Ocal, A., Martinović, J., & Dragašević, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020652 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Akdeniz, S., & Ahçı, Z. G. (2022) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2022.2050460 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gori, A., Topino, E., & Caretti, V. (2021) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12380 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Validation of the PCL-5, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 in a Sample of First Responders
Ahmadi, A., Galusha, J. M., Ponder, W. N., Carbajal, J., Schuman, D. L., Whitworth, J., & Yockey, R. A. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002823 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bharti, T., Mishra, N., & Ojha, S. C. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13050353 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mindfulness supports emotional resilience in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Treves, I. N., Li, C. E., Wang, K. L., Ozernov-Palchik, O., Olson, H. A., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278501 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“found that worry about COVID-19 was only associated with anxiety for adults with low but not high mindfulness [50].”
BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on older adults: Results from an annual survey
Ungar, R., Wu, L., MacLeod, S., Tkatch, R., Huang, J., Kraemer, S., Schaeffer, J., & Yeh, C. S. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.01.010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Coping‐resilience profiles and experiences of stress in autistic adults
Muniandy, M., Richdale, A. L., & Lawson, L. P. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2817 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Optimism and mental health in college students: the mediating role of sleep quality and stress
Lai, Y., Tsai, E.-Y., Jarustanaput, P., Wu, Y., Chen, Y., O’Leary, S. E., Manachevakul, S., Zhang, Y., Shen, J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403146 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Emirza, S., & Kozcu, G. Y. (2023) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.13018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lovik, A., González‐Hijón, J., Hoffart, A., Fawns‐Ritchie, C., Magnúsdóttir, I., Lu, L., Unnarsdóttir, A. B., Kähler, A. K., Campbell, A. I., Hauksdóttir, A., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100733 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Keskin, G. (2022) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151575 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Koppert, T. Y., Jacobs, J. W. G., Lumley, M. A., & Geenen, R. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110655 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Liu, T., Xia, Y., & Ma, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.816298 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dai, Z., Wang, H., Xiao, W., Huang, Y., Si, M., Fu, J., Xu, C., Jia, M., Leng, Z., Cui, D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.062 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Managing Fear During Pandemics: Risks and Opportunities
Mertens, G., Engelhard, I. M., Novacek, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231178720 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationSingleton, G., Johnson, L., Singleton, N., & Li, H. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22863 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Arslan, G., Kabasakal, Z., & Taş, B. (2023) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968231208246 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mindfulness, resilience and the happiness of service employees working from home
Hau, L. N., Thi, M.-Q., & Le, K.-G. H. (2024) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-03-2023-0109 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kock, M., Kuppens, P., Van der Gucht, K., & Raes, F. (2021) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1093 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
COVID-19-Related distress, body image, and eating behaviors: a cross-sectional explanatory model
Rodrigue, C., Rodgers, R. F., Carbonneau, N., Bégin, C., & Dion, J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01613-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tofangchiha, M., Lin, C., Scheerman, J. F. M., Broström, A., Ahonen, H., Griffiths, M. D., Tadakamadla, S. K., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022) · BDJ Open · doi:10.1038/s41405-022-00112-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Stress and well‐being in autistic adults: Exploring the moderating role of coping
Muniandy, M., Richdale, A. L., & Lawson, L. P. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3028 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wandschneider, L., Batram-Zantvoort, S., Alaze, A., Niehues, V., Spallek, J., Razum, O., & Miani, C. (2022) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/17455057221114274 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Roche, A. I., Adamowicz, J. L., Stegall, M. S., Toovey, C. R., Sirotiak, Z., & Thomas, E. B. K. (2022) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-022-00083-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cleofas, J. V., & Oducado, R. M. (2021) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1080/03623319.2021.1986300 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lee, A., Sun, Y., & Chung, K. K. H. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02014-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fabio, R. A., Pietro, A. D., & Suriano, R. (2025) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint7010005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bravo-Sanzana, M., Miranda, R., & Oriol, X. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031958 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sheykhangafshe, F. B., Alizadeh, D., Niri, V. S., Asgari, F., & Ghodrat, G. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.52547/jcmh.8.3.2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Consumers under pandemic anxiety: Suppressors, intensifiers, and resilients
Mittal, B. (2022) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12851 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Xu, F., Zhu, W., Chen, Q., & Tang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.994205 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Iqbal, J., Shagirbasha, S., & Madhan, K. (2023) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103570 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, X., Cao, Z., Yin, S., Duan, T., Sun, T., & Xu, C. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04147-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lam, C. B., Chung, K. K. H., & Chung, K. K. H. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01818-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Şanlı, M. E., Yıldırım, M., & Aziz, I. A. (2024) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-024-00550-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kyeong, Y., Kürüm, E., Sheffler, P., Ferguson, L., Davis, E. L., Strickland-Hughes, C. M., & Wu, R. (2024) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000182 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Guelmami, N., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Ghouili, H., Jelleli, H., Rebhi, M., Saidane, M., Bouzouraa, M. M., Noureddine, G., Aissa, M. B., Bonsaksen, T., et al. (2024) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2306919 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The role of covid‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting resilience
Duru, Y. B., Gunal, V., Agaoglu, C. Y., & Tatlı, C. E. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12820 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhao, S., Du, H., Lin, D., Wu, Q., Li, Q., & Chi, P. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12439 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tetzner, J., & Becker, M. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241256399 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Llistosella, M., Castellví, P., Miranda-Mendizábal, A., Recoder, S., Calbo, E., Casajuana‐Closas, M., Leiva, D., Manolov, R., Santander, N. M., & Forero, C. G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215398 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liu, T., Xia, Y., & Ma, Z. (2023) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-023-10206-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Royuela-Colomer, E., Fernández‐González, L., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01349-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Akeman, E., Cannon, M. J., Kirlić, N., Cosgrove, K. T., DeVille, D. C., McDermott, T. J., White, E. J., Cohen, Z. P., Forthman, K. L., Paulus, M. P., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926697 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Enneagram typologies and healthy personality to psychosocial stress: A network approach
Ramos‐Vera, C., Serpa‐Barrientos, A., Baños-Chaparro, J., Vallejos-Saldarriaga, J., & Saintila, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051271 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lac, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-023-10033-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Luo, M.-L., Zhu, X.-W., & Lian, S.-L. (2023) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2023.2216250 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Şahin, E., & Dobrucali, B. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar · doi:10.18863/pgy.1067626 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, K., Lim, H. J., Moon, E., & Moon, S. I. (2023) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2022.0243 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Analysis of the Predictive Role of Self-Compassion on Emotional Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown
Gutiérrez-Hernández, M. E., Fanjul, L. F., Díaz, A., Oyanadel, C., & Castro, W. P. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci11040151 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Trzcionka, A., Zalewska, I., & Tanasiewicz, M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9060765 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fear of COVID-19: Data of a large longitudinal survey conducted between March 2020 and June 2021
Mertens, G., Lodder, P., Smeets, T., & Duijndam, S. (2023) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2023.109177 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, Z., Jiang, M., Zhu, X., & Xu, S. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06980-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhu, C., Peng, L., & Li, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1556096 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wong, T., & Shek, D. T. L. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22091359 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Islam, A., Mahbuba, P., Ahmed, T., & Haque, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283422 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fear of Covid-19 and perceived academic safety: the buffering role of personal resources
Azila-Gbettor, E. M., Mensah, C., & Agbodza, M. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-04-2022-0159 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Weinberg, M., Altshuler, A., & Soffer, M. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2190989 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Testing a Mediation Model of Dispositional Optimism, Mindful Self-Care, and Subjective Well-Being
Ang, C. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241269548 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Schäfer, S. K., Fritz, J., Sopp, M. R., Kunzler, A. M., von Boros, L., Tüscher, O., Göritz, A. S., Lieb, K., & Michael, T. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/evkw5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Slot, M., Reijnders, J. S. A. M., Janssens, M., Simons, M., Lataster, J., & Jacobs, N. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-024-00194-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Impact of COVID-19 on Veterans’ Resilience, Attachment, and Negative Affect
Mallory, J. B., Ponder, W. N., Sherrill, T., Carbajal, J., Schuman, D. L., Jetelina, K. K., & Stafford, J. (2022) · Journal of Veterans Studies · doi:10.21061/jvs.v8i3.324 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fear, Optimism, Pessimism, and Resilience in Jordanian Population during COVID-19 Crisis
Shaheen, A. M., Hamdan, K. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M., Albqoor, M. A., Zumot, A., & Allari, R. S. (2023) · The Open Nursing Journal · doi:10.2174/18744346-v17-e230714-2023-41 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
OPTIMISME SEBAGAI MEDIATOR HUBUNGAN ISOLASI SOSIAL DENGAN DEPRESI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Agustina, V. F., & Aswin, I. M. (2021) · Journal of Psychological Science and Profession · doi:10.24198/jpsp.v5i1.29593 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Impact of Gratitude and Optimism on Psychological Well-Being
Arora, P., Dabas, V., Mittal, A., Teotia, I., Dhama, T., Singh, A., Chugh, S., Sharma, H., Pal, M., Gauri, J., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-13864 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Русинова, Н. Л. (2021) · Демографическое обозрение · doi:10.17323/demreview.v8i4.13879 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, X., Lian, S.-L., Cheng, L., & Zhu, X.-W. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05736-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Optimism and pessimism were prospectively associated with adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Oh, J., Tetreau, E. N., Purol, M. F., Kim, E. S., & Chopik, W. J. (2024) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104541 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Viral Outbreaks - Global Impact and Newer Horizons
Saxena, S. K. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104167 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Arat, G., Eryigit‐Madzwamuse, S., & Hart, A. (2023) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-06-2022-0149 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rajabi, A., Ghamari, M., & Hosseinian, S. (2023) · The Journal Of Psychological Science · doi:10.52547/jps.21.119.2213 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rachor, G. S., Paluszek, M. M., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89738-3_9-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Psychosocial predictors of distress in East and West Germans during the COVID-19 pandemic
Seidel-Koulaxis, L. J., Daniels, J. K., & Ostafin, B. D. (2023) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2023.2265929 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Colombo, B., Fusi, G., & Christopher, K. B. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12020163 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Padmanabhanunni, A., Pretorius, T. B., & Isaacs, S. A. (2024) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/00812463231224045 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tunca, A., & Belen, H. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07303-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The association between facets of mindfulness and COVID-19 related distress: A cross-sectional study
Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., & Duijndam, S. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103826 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“, 2020), as well as with COVID-19 related worries (Dillard & Meier, 2021; Vos et al., 2021).”
BackgroundTsai, W.-Y., Zhou, Y., & Yu, N. X. (2024) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2024.2396140 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vos, L. M. W., Habibović, M., Nyklíček, I., Smeets, T., & Mertens, G.
- Affiliations
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Mertens, Gaëtan
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 300
- Pages
- 113927
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9755114
- OpenAlex
- W3141266007
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 18
- FWCI
- 21.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tilburg University Research Portal (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- optimism, mindfulness, resilience, COVID-19 pandemic, fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress, protective factors, mental health, personality traits, psychological well-being, network analysis
- MeSH terms
- Optimism, COVID-19, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Depression, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Pandemics, Mindfulness, Protective Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
