Cognitive Impairment in Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background People living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are exposed to multiple risk factors for cognitive impairment and frequently report cognitive difficulties. However, the presence of cognitive impairment in IBD has not been systematically reviewed.Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a systematic multidatabase search for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies comparing adults with IBD versus healthy controls for domain-specific cognitive function or scores on multidomain cognitive screening tools. For any domain reported by 3 or more studies, we conducted random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the standardized mean difference between groups; lower scores reflected poorer performance. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic and study quality assessed using an IBD-modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results Of 8302 articles screened, 12 studies (n = 687) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 11 in meta-analyses. All studies were cross-sectional. Studies generally excluded people with active IBD and older adults. Despite no significant differences on multidomain screening tools such as the Mini Mental State Examination (-0.27 [95% confidence interval -0.68, 0.08], P = 0.14), people with IBD showed significant deficits compared with healthy controls in attention (standardized mean difference -0.36 [-0.60, -0.12], P = 0.003, I 2 = 0%), executive function (standardized mean difference -0.45 [-0.77, -0.13, P = 0.005, I 2 = 42.5%), and specifically in working memory (standardized mean difference -0.58 [-0.85, -0.30], P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%). Deficits in learning and recall were nonsignificant (P = 0.089) and other domains insufficient for meta-analysis.Conclusions People with IBD show deficits in attention and executive function, particularly in working memory, suggesting that cognitive impairment is a potential extraintestinal manifestation of IBD.
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A systematic multi-database study comparing adult IBD patients versus healthy controls (n = 687) concluded that IBD patients had significant deficits in attention, executive function, and working memory compared with healthy controls.
“a systematic multi-database study comparing adult IBD patients versus healthy controls (n = 687) concluded that IBD patients had significant deficits in attention, executive function, and working memory compared with healthy controls, suggesting that cognitive impairment is a potential extraintestinal manifestation of IBD [95].”
From Association between Childhood Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
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- Authors
- Hopkins, C. W. P., Powell, N., Norton, C., Dumbrill, J. L., Hayee, B., & Moulton, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Moulton, Calum D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-403
- ISSN
- 2667-2960 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3118990225
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive impairment, attention deficits, executive function, working memory, extraintestinal manifestations, cognitive screening, adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cognition, Humans, Learning, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Executive Function, Cognitive Dysfunction
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