Cognitive performance in irritable bowel syndrome: evidence of a stress-related impairment in visuospatial memory
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction is a prominent feature of the functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the neurobiological and cognitive consequences of key pathophysiological features of IBS, such as stress-induced changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning, is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether IBS is associated with cognitive impairment, independently of psychiatric co-morbidity, and whether cognitive performance is related to HPA-axis function. METHOD: A cross-sectional sample of 39 patients with IBS, a disease control group of 18 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in clinical remission and 40 healthy age- and IQ-matched control participants were assessed using the Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and a computerized Stroop test. HPA-axis function was determined by measuring the cortisol awakening response (CAR). RESULTS: IBS patients exhibited a subtle visuospatial memory deficit at the PAL six- pattern stage (p = 0.03), which remained after psychiatric co-morbidity was controlled for (p = 0.04). Morning cortisol levels were lower in IBS (p = 0.04) and significantly associated with visuospatial memory performance within IBS only (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, altered cognitive function on a hippocampal-mediated test of visuospatial memory, which was related to cortisol levels and independent of psychiatric co-morbidity, has been identified in IBS. Visuospatial memory impairment may be a common, but currently neglected, component of IBS. Further elucidation of the nature of this impairment may lead to a greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of IBS, and may provide novel therapeutic approaches.
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Specific cognitive changes in IBS relate to hippocampal-mediated visuospatial memory deficits that are linked to indices of HPA axis function.
“Cognitive alterations may be present in individuals with IBS, and evidence is emerging that specific changes relate to hippocampal-mediated visuospatial memory deficits, which are linked to indices of HPA axis function (20, 496–498).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [498]
Cognitive alterations may be present in individuals with IBS.
“Cognitive alterations may be present in individuals with IBS, and evidence is emerging that specific changes relate to hippocampal-mediated visuospatial memory deficits, which are linked to indices of HPA axis function (20, 496–498).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [498]
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- Authors
- Kennedy, P. J., Clarke, G., O‘Neill, A., Groeger, J. A., Quigley, E. M. M., Shanahan, F., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- University of Hull (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dinan, T. G.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-08-29
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1553-1566
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC3967841
- OpenAlex
- W2127523749
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research Board (HRA_POR/2011/23, FP7/2007-2013)
- American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society
- Science Foundation Ireland (09/RFP/NES2520, 02/CE/B124, HRA_POR/2011/23, 07/CE/B1368)
- University College Cork
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- U.S. Air Force (FA-9550-08-1-0080)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F022883/1, BB/F022883)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES002520)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, visuospatial memory, cognitive impairment, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, cortisol awakening response, stress, hippocampus, functional gastrointestinal disorders, paired-associate learning, spatial working memory, executive function, Crohn's disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Crohn Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Stress, Psychological, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Spatial Memory
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