Nocturnal levels of ghrelin and leptin and sleep in chronic insomnia
Open accessAbstract
Experimental sleep deprivation in healthy humans affects levels of ghrelin and leptin, two primary hormones involved in energy balance that regulate appetite and body weight. No study to date has examined levels of these hormones in patients with chronic insomnia. In this study, men diagnosed with primary insomnia using DSM-IV criteria (n=14) and age and body weight comparable healthy control men (n=24) underwent polysomnography. Circulating levels of ghrelin and leptin were measured at 2300h, 0200h and 0600h. As compared to controls, insomnia patients showed less total sleep time, stage 2 and REM sleep and decreased sleep efficiency and more stage 1 sleep than controls (p's<.05). Ghrelin levels across the night were significantly lower in insomnia patients (p<.0001). Leptin was not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, decreased nocturnal ghrelin in insomnia is consistent with findings for nighttime levels in sleep deprivation studies in healthy sleepers. These findings suggest that insomnia patients have a dysregulation in energy balance that may play a role in explaining prospective weight gain in this population.
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Among men with primary insomnia who have reduced stage 2 and REM sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and greater stage 1 sleep, nocturnal ghrelin levels were reduced compared to control participants; no differences were observed in leptin concentration.
“Among men with primary insomnia who have reduced stage 2 and REM sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and greater stage 1 sleep, nocturnal ghrelin levels were reduced compared to control participants; however, no differences were observed in leptin concentration.68”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Motivala, S. J., Tomiyama, A. J., Ziegler, M., Khandrika, S., & Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Motivala, Sarosh J.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 540-545
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2725023
- OpenAlex
- W2000850828
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA13239, R01AA013239)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 18367, R01AG026364, K23AG027860, R01AG018367, AR/AG41867, P30AG028748)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079955)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH-18399, T32MH019925, T32MH018399)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA119159)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000865, M01RR000827)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (AT00255, R21AT000255)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- ghrelin, leptin, chronic insomnia, primary insomnia, sleep architecture, energy balance, appetite regulation, sleep deprivation, weight gain, sleep efficiency
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Sleep, Case-Control Studies, Leptin, Ghrelin
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