The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 13 of the 68 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity
Open accessAbstract
Romantic relationships can have a profound effect on adults' health and well-being whereas the inability to maintain intimate bonds has been associated with physical and emotional distress. Studies in monogamous mammalian species underscore the central role of oxytocin (OT) in pair-bonding and human imaging studies implicate OT-rich brain areas in early romantic love. To assess the role of OT in romantic attachment, we examined plasma OT in 163 young adults: 120 new lovers (60 couples) three months after the initiation of their romantic relationship and 43 non-attached singles. Twenty-five of the 36 couples who stayed together were seen again six months later. Couples were observed in dyadic interactions and were each interviewed regarding relationship-related thoughts and behaviors. OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1,152)=109.33, p<.001, which may suggest increased activity of the oxytocinergic system during the early stages of romantic attachment. These high levels of OT among new lovers did not decrease six months later and showed high individual stability. OT correlated with the couples' interactive reciprocity, including social focus, positive affect, affectionate touch, and synchronized dyadic states, and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship, findings which parallel those described for parent-infant bonding. OT levels at the first assessment differentiated couples who stayed together six months later from those who separated during this period. Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner's OT. Findings suggest that OT may play an important role at the first stages of romantic attachment and lend support to evolutionary models suggesting that parental and romantic attachment share underlying bio-behavioral mechanisms.
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Claims the paper makes
24 Own result · 13 Own method · 11 Own interpretation · 9 Partly supported · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Not checked yet · 2 Supported · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In particular, the initial stage of a romantic relationship has been associated with greater neural activity in the left posterior cingulate cortex and caudate regions (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009) as compared to later stages of the relationship.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aron et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Kim et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (‘Neural activities 180 days after the preliminary scan’; page unavailable) report less activation in the right caudate after 180 days, supporting greater initial caudate activity. But they report increased activation in both cingulate gyrus areas (BA 31 and BA 33) at follow-up, not greater initial activation in the left posterior cingulate cortex. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“On the other hand, activations of cortical regions including the anterior cingulate, insular cortex, and ventral pallidum were increased in long-term pair-bonds (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aron et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Kim et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Neural activities 180 days after the preliminary scan; page not provided) report increased activation in both cingulate gyri after 180 days, and the Discussion identifies the anterior cingulate as involved. The paper does not report increased activation in the insular cortex or ventral pallidum, and its comparison is a six-month follow-up of the same couples rather than a general finding about long-term pair-bonds. (LLM, conf=0.89)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“research in mammals showed that more touch and contact increased OT receptor density (Champagne et al., 2001).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Champagne et al., 2001 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that rat mothers with more pup licking/grooming had higher oxytocin receptor binding in several brain regions, but found no group difference in time spent in physical contact with pups. The Discussion describes an association and suggests that receptor differences may help drive licking/grooming; it does not show that more touch or contact caused receptor density to increase. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
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In the paper
“Although much research has focused on the neurobiological basis of bond formation, studies have mainly addressed the maternal–infant bond (Gordon et al., 2011).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Gordon et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (section 1; page unavailable) describes research on the biobehavioral mechanisms of bond formation, and section 2 discusses studies of maternal–infant interactions. But the paper also discusses paternal–infant and adult bonds, and the passages do not establish that studies have mainly addressed the maternal–infant bond. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Both the early stages of romantic love and early parental love are characterized by typical behaviors, mental states, and activations of specific brain structures (Atzil et al., 2011; Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Leckman et al., 1999; van Anders et al., 2011).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Atzil et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes characteristic maternal behaviors and brain regions involved in human parenting, while the Discussion links maternal behavior to mental processes and neural activation. This supports the early parental-love portion, but the paper does not discuss the behaviors, mental states, and brain activations of early romantic love; romantic love appears only in reference titles. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2004 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Leckman et al., 1999 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Results indicated a significant group effect, F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001, partial η2 = .42, with substantially higher levels of plasma OT among new lovers compared to non-attached singles (Fig. 1).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
plainn = 163- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner’s OT.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“the individual’s OT level had an independent contribution to the prediction of his or her Interactive Reciprocity above and beyond the partner’s OT (Table 4).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, couples whose narrative was marked by greater Worry, indicating more time spent in thoughts of the partner and the relationship, had higher OT at the initial assessment (r = .19, p < .05).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 163 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results show that the partner’s OT was marginally predictive of the reciprocal style of the partner; however, the individual’s OT level had an independent contribution to the prediction of his or her Interactive Reciprocity above and beyond the partner’s OT (Table 4).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Period of the menstrual cycle in those women who did not take contraceptive pills was not controlled in the study, but no correlation was found between number of days since the last menstruation of these women and their OT levels.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 27
- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In addition, research has shown that the early stages of romantic love may be linked to alterations in plasma levels of cortisol, sex steroids, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Marazziti et al., 2009), as well as decreased density of the serotonin transporter in platelets (Emanuele et al., 2006; Marazziti et al., 1999; Marazziti and Canale, 2004), suggesting”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Marazziti et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an association between plasma BDNF and romantic attachment in women, and reports higher NGF in people who had recently fallen in love. It does not link cortisol or sex-steroid levels to early romantic love, nor establish that its BDNF finding concerns the early stage. The platelet serotonin-transporter claim has separate citations in the citing sentence and is not attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Emanuele et al., 2006 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Marazziti et al., 1999 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In humans, intranasal administration of OT was found to increase bonding-related behavior, including gaze to eye region (Guastella et al., 2008), interpersonal trust and empathy (Hurlemann et al., 2010; Kosfeld et al., 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al., 2005).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Guastella et al., 2008 source
- Supportedcites Hurlemann et al., 2010 source
The Abstract reports that intranasal oxytocin increased emotional empathy in healthy adult men, but not cognitive empathy. The Introduction also reports evidence that oxytocin enhances interpersonal trust, citing earlier studies. The eye-gaze and social-cognition claims are attributed to other citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites Kosfeld et al., 2005 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and LETTERS report that intranasal oxytocin increased trusting behavior in humans. They do not report an increase in empathy, which the citing sentence groups with interpersonal trust under the Kosfeld citation. Gaze to the eye region and social cognition are attributed to other cited papers in that sentence. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, findings regarding peripheral OT are mixed. Whereas some found links between plasma OT and positive communication, affiliation, and emotional support (Gonzaga et al., 2006; Grewen et al., 2005; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008), others showed associations with negative emotions, anxiety, and distress in romantic couples (Marazziti et al., 2006; Tabak et al., 2010; Taylor et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gonzaga et al., 2006 source
- Partly supportedcites Marazziti et al., 2006 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a positive association between plasma oxytocin and romantic-attachment anxiety (r = 0.30, p = 0.04). The paper does not report associations with negative emotions or distress, and the Results note that some participants were not in a romantic relationship, so its sample cannot be described simply as romantic couples. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites Tabak et al., 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that peripheral oxytocin reactivity was associated with post-conflict anxiety and lack of forgiveness in women following interpersonal harms. But the Methods include harms involving friends and relatives as well as romantic partners, and the Results found no significant association between baseline oxytocin and post-conflict anxiety. This source therefore supports the distress association, but not a finding specifically about romantic couples or baseline plasma oxytocin. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Specifically, OT has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of pair-bond formation in monogamous mammals (Ross and Young, 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Ross and Young, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 1.7, Social Bonding in Adults (page not provided), reports convincing evidence that oxytocin is critical for partner-preference formation in female monogamous prairie voles. It says the role in males is less clear and that whether oxytocin is involved in pair bonding in other monogamous species remains to be determined. The claim extends the established finding beyond the population the review supports. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Experiments were conducted in a comfortable laboratory during the mid-afternoon hours, in light of previous research suggesting stability in the diurnal cycle of plasma OT in the afternoon and evening hours (Forsling et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Procedure
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Forsling et al., 1998 source
The Fluid balance section (page unavailable) reports that plasma oxytocin concentrations were lowest during the afternoon and evening, then rose steeply after midnight. That pattern supports the citing sentence’s hedged description of relative stability during the afternoon and evening. (LLM, conf=0.84)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Third, although increasing literature suggests that arginine vasopressin is involved in pair bonding along with OT (Donaldson et al., 2010), the current study did not measure vasopressin.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Donaldson et al., 2010 source
The paper reports that vasopressin V1a receptor signaling is necessary for partner-preference formation and expression in male prairie voles (Abstract; no page supplied). Its Methods section also discusses oxytocin receptors in the context of social behavior. The statement that the citing authors’ current study did not measure vasopressin is not attributed to Donaldson et al. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pearson correlations indicated that OT was not associated with sex, body weight, height, smoking, contraceptive pills (58% of women were taking contraceptive pills), time since last meal, or sexual activity of the subject.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, OT was related to specific bonding-related behaviors and to preoccupations and worries in both parents and romantic partners.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the parental bonding literature, associations were found between OT levels and the couple’s reciprocal interactive behavior and mental preoccupations and worries.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“As seen, interactive behaviors such as affectionate touch, interpersonal focus, and matched dyadic states, which are central for the formation of parent–infant synchrony in both mothers and fathers (Feldman and Eidelman, 2007) and are associated with parental OT (Feldman et al., 2011), were central components of the reciprocity formed between romantic partners and similarly correlated with OT.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The CIB has good psychometric properties and has shown sensitivity to differences related to child age, interactive partner, cultural background, and risk conditions, and has been validated in numerous studies (Feldman, 2010; Feldman and Eidelman, 2009; Feldman and Klein, 2003; Feldman et al., 2001).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences in demographic conditions were found between new lovers and singles, between new lovers who did or did not stay together, or between those who did or did not return for the follow-up assessment.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Coding was conducted by coders trained to reliability and inter-rated reliability, conducted on 10% of the sample, exceeded 85% on all codes. Coders were blind to all other information.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Interactive Reciprocity construct of the CIB has been extensively used in research spanning infancy to adolescence and has shown to be stable over the first 13 years of life, to predict adjustment in adolescence, and to be sensitive to cultural background and high-risk parenting (Feldman, 2010; Feldman and Masalha, 2010; Feldman et al., 2003).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Feldman and Masalha, 2010 source
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“subjects completed the Experience in Close Relationships scale (ECR), a well-known measure of attachment in adults (Brennan et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brennan et al., 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interviews were audiotaped and were then coded by two trained coders, with inter-rated reliability on 10% of the sample exceeding 90% on all topics. Coders did not participate in conducting the interviews and were blind to all other hormonal, behavioral, self-report and demographic information.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The biochemist conducting the analysis was blind to any information related to relational status (single, in relationship), sex, or behavioral and interview data.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intra-assay coefficients are 5.4% for the medium-high range and 12.4% for low range. The inter-assay coefficients were 8.7% for the medium–high range and 14.5%, for low range.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Plasma OT values at the first assessment, D(52) = .26, p < .05, as well as at the follow up, D(52) = .17, p < .05, were non-normal. Therefore, prior to statistical analysis OT values were log-transformed to correct for their non-Gaussian distribution.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“findings which parallel those described for parent–infant bonding”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 163- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“OT is a nonapeptide hormone associated with affiliative bonding in mammals (Insel et al., 1997) that is known to mediate social behavior, pair-bonding, and parental attachment across a variety of species (Carter, 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“OT has also been shown to play a role in human parenting and peripheral levels of OT have been associated with reciprocal parent–infant interactions in both mothers and fathers (Feldman et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“recent findings showed associations between plasma OT, genetic variability in the CD38 rs3796863 SNP, and the degree of reciprocity and touch between parents and their infants (Feldman et al., in press), pointing to the potential involvement of OT in the development of reciprocal interactions between”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., in press
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Determination of OT concentrations in plasma was performed using a commercial OT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Assay Design, Ann Arbor, MI) consistent with previous research (Carter et al., 2007; Feldman et al., 2007; Gordon et al., 2008).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, since we did not examine the same individuals prior to falling in love and again at the initial stages of romantic attachment, it is not possible to fully determine whether OT levels increased in response to the onset of a romantic relationship or whether OT represents a trait-like dimension of the individual and individuals with higher OT are more likely to fall in love.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Acevedo et al. (2011) found higher activations among romantically attached individuals in regions implicated in pair-bonding in monogamous rodents, and OT administration has shown to increase couples’ positive communication (Ditzen et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ditzen et al., 2009 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“OT has also been shown to play a role in human parenting and peripheral levels of OT have been associated with reciprocal parent–infant interactions in both mothers and fathers (Feldman et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Consistent with perspectives suggesting that periods of parental and romantic bonding share underlying mechanisms, this factor is similar to the one used in parenting research, describes a unique mental state in parents during the postpartum period (Feldman et al., 1999; Leckman et al., 1999), and has shown to correlate with parental OT (Feldman et al., 2007).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, warm contact between romantic partners has been associated with elevations in a subset of serum proteins (Matsunaga et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Matsunaga et al., 2009
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In addition, research has pointed to the central role of transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 in OT neuropathways and in the release of OT from axon terminalis (Jin et al., 2007), and recent findings showed associations between plasma OT, genetic variability in the CD38 rs3796863 SNP, and the degree of reciprocity and touch between parents and their infants (Feldman et al., in press), pointing to the”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jin et al., 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, the early stages of parenting has shown to be accompanied by heightened sensitivity to infant cues and mental preoccupations and worries, which similarly correlate with OT (Feldman et al., 2007) and are essential for the formation of the parent’s bond to the infant (Feldman et al., 1999; Leckman et al., 1999).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Because the links between central and peripheral OT are not fully understood, it is not clear whether plasma levels reflect central activity of the system, although studies in both humans and animals point to coordination between central and peripheral levels (Burri et al., 2008; Wotjak et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Previous research reported an increase in plasma OT levels during sexual arousal and orgasm in both men and women (Carmichael et al., 1987, 1994).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Carmichael et al., 1987, 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Dysfunctional romantic relationships and unreciprocated love have been associated with substantial psychological distress and suicidal behavior (Canetto and Lester, 2002; Emanuele, 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, we did not measure genetic variability in the OT receptor gene, the CD38 gene, or allelic variations that may impact physiological and behavioral processes at the initiation of romantic love.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the ELISA OT assay that had been conducted in the study had relatively high intra- and interassay CVs.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to investigate romantic attachment from a developmental biochemical perspective.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although we know that lovers were heterosexual, we did not collect this information from singles.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, it is important to note that the results do not imply a causal relationship between the beginning of a romantic relationship and higher OT values and it is possible that individuals with high OT also form romantic attachments more readily.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, due to obvious constraints in human research, we did not measure OT at the neurochemical brain level.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study had examined peripheral oxytocin levels across the initial period of romantic love.
“However, we are aware of no study that examined peripheral levels of OT across the initial period of romantic love.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Touch is a central and dyadic component of romantic relationships.
“based on the assumption that touch is a central and dyadic component of romantic relationships, whereas in the parent–child relationship it is a central but parental component of the exchange.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In adult-adult interaction, interpersonal focus is the age-matched parallel to the infant gaze-synchrony code.
“Similarly, in adult–adult interaction “interpersonal focus” was considered the age-matched parallel to the code of “gaze synchrony” in infancy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little research has examined circulating oxytocin levels during the initial period of falling in love.
“little research examined circulating OT levels during the initial period of falling in love”
The paper relies on this without support.
Significantly less is known about romantic attachment as a form of social affiliation in adult life.
“Significantly less is known about one of the most important forms of social affiliation in adult life – romantic attachment”
The paper relies on this without support.
Romantic relationships have a profound effect on adult life.
“romantic relationships have a profound effect on adult life”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While, compared with singles, basal concentrations of OXT in blood are increased in couples during the early stages of romantic love and stay significantly elevated in couples remaining together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012), our results suggest that further augmentation of endogenous OXT release is necessary to produce fidelity-enhancing effects.”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and consequently, OXT levels are higher in new lovers than in unattached singles (24).”
From Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Animal24 and human studies25 indicate that similar neural systems and behavioral patterns underpin the parent-infant and pair bonds and demonstrate that both forms of human attachment are characterized by behavioral synchrony26–28.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The paradigm involves planning a fun day to spend together and has been previously validated at our lab28,61.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“During naturalistic interactions, romantic partners exhibit online coordination of gaze and affect patterns9 and an increase in oxytocin levels that correlates with the degree of social synchrony28.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“OT in humans is also higher during early romantic relationships, is correlated with couples’ interactive reciprocity, and predicts which couples will stay together after 6 months (Schneiderman et al 2012).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al 2012
In the citing paper
“In contrast, in humans there is less evidence that the OT system plays a role in pair bond formation (e.g., Schneiderman et al. 2012), but the brain OT system does seem to be important for its maintenance (Hurlemann and Scheele 2016).”
From Oxytocin and Social Relationships: From Attachment to Bond Disruption (2017) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“During the early stages of romantic relationships, OXT plasma concentrations are elevated in new lovers compared with singles (55).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“In regards to the influence of oxytocin on such attachments, Schneiderman and colleagues observed heightened plasma levels of oxytocin in new couples (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Higher plasma oxytocin levels were associated with higher levels of interaction between the couples and predicted which couples would remain together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentF(1, 152) = 109.33reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001”
- Consistentt(43) = 0.91reported p = .37 · recomputed p = .368
“t(43) = .91, p = .37”
- ConsistentF(1, 97) = 4.67reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .033
“F(1, 97) = 4.67, p < .05”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 4.64reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .031
“χ2(1) = 4.64, p < .05”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
(1998) · Cited by 3,968
Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690 · cited 2×
“, 2008), interpersonal trust and empathy (Hurlemann et al., 2010; Kosfeld et al., 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al.”
Attachment theory and close relationships
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-6513 · Cited by 3,642
Oxytocin Modulates Neural Circuitry for Social Cognition and Fear in Humans
Kirsch, P., Esslinger, C., Chen, Q., Mier, D., Lis, S., Siddhanti, S., Gruppe, H., Mattay, V. S., Gallhofer, B., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3984-05.2005 · Cited by 1,639 · cited 2×
“, 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al., 2005).”
The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.003 · Cited by 1,497 · cited 1×
“Both the early stages of romantic love and early parental love are characterized by typical behaviors, mental states, and activations of specific brain structures (Atzil et al., 2011; Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Leckman et al., 1999; van Anders et al., 2011).”
Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love
Sue Carter, C. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00055-9 · Cited by 1,425 · cited 3×
“, 1997) that is known to mediate social behavior, pair-bonding, and parental attachment across a variety of species (Carter, 1998).”
The neural basis of romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00046 · Cited by 1,020
Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love
Aron, A., Fisher, H., Mashek, D. J., Strong, G., Li, H., & Brown, L. L. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00838.2004 · Cited by 963 · cited 3×
“In particular, the initial stage of a romantic relationship has been associated with greater neural activity in the left posterior cingulate cortex and caudate regions (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009) as compared to later stages of the relationship.”
Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior
Ross, H. E., & Young, L. J. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.004 · Cited by 856 · cited 1×
“Specifically, OT has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of pair-bond formation in monogamous mammals (Ross and Young, 2009).”
Ditzen, B., Schaer, M., Gabriel, B., Bodenmann, G., Ehlert, U., & Heinrichs, M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.011 · Cited by 805 · cited 3×
“(2011) found higher activations among romantically attached individuals in regions implicated in pair-bonding in monogamous rodents, and OTadministration has shown to increase couples’ positive communication (Ditzen et al., 2009).”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The oxytocin receptor: from intracellular signaling to behavior
Jurek, B., & Neumann, I. D. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2017 · Cited by 999
The Neurobiology of Human Attachments
Feldman, R. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007 · Cited by 839
“Matched interactions are observed between romantic partners and show similar second-by-second coordination of gaze and affect [6,114].”
Self-citationOxytocin and social affiliation in humans
Feldman, R. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.008 · Cited by 767
“…further corroborate our proposition that both parental and romantic attachment is supported by similar OT-based neuroendocrine mechanisms and is expressed in a similar behavioral repertoire including gaze, touch, affect, and vocalizations and their online coordination (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFeldman, R., Gordon, I., Influs, M., Gutbir, T., & Ebstein, R. P. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.22 · Cited by 622
Self-citationThe adaptive human parental brain: implications for children's social development
Feldman, R. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.004 · Cited by 419
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Schneiderman, I., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Leckman, J. F., & Feldman, R.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feldman, Ruth
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1277-1285
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3936960
- OpenAlex
- W2121692487
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US-Israel Bi-National Foundation
- NARSAD
- Israel Science Foundation
- Katz Family Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- oxytocin, romantic attachment, plasma oxytocin, couple interaction, pair bonding, relationship stability, breakup, affectionate touch, positive affect, relationship anxiety, parent-infant bonding
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Behavior, Courtship, Emotions, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Male, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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