The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 13 of the 68 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity
Open accessAbstract
Romantic relationships can have a profound effect on adults' health and well-being whereas the inability to maintain intimate bonds has been associated with physical and emotional distress. Studies in monogamous mammalian species underscore the central role of oxytocin (OT) in pair-bonding and human imaging studies implicate OT-rich brain areas in early romantic love. To assess the role of OT in romantic attachment, we examined plasma OT in 163 young adults: 120 new lovers (60 couples) three months after the initiation of their romantic relationship and 43 non-attached singles. Twenty-five of the 36 couples who stayed together were seen again six months later. Couples were observed in dyadic interactions and were each interviewed regarding relationship-related thoughts and behaviors. OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1,152)=109.33, p<.001, which may suggest increased activity of the oxytocinergic system during the early stages of romantic attachment. These high levels of OT among new lovers did not decrease six months later and showed high individual stability. OT correlated with the couples' interactive reciprocity, including social focus, positive affect, affectionate touch, and synchronized dyadic states, and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship, findings which parallel those described for parent-infant bonding. OT levels at the first assessment differentiated couples who stayed together six months later from those who separated during this period. Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner's OT. Findings suggest that OT may play an important role at the first stages of romantic attachment and lend support to evolutionary models suggesting that parental and romantic attachment share underlying bio-behavioral mechanisms.
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Claims the paper makes
13 of 68 cited sources checked · 3 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In particular, the initial stage of a romantic relationship has been associated with greater neural activity in the left posterior cingulate cortex and caudate regions (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009) as compared to later stages of the relationship.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aron et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Kim et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (‘Neural activities 180 days after the preliminary scan’; page unavailable) report less activation in the right caudate after 180 days, supporting greater initial caudate activity. But they report increased activation in both cingulate gyrus areas (BA 31 and BA 33) at follow-up, not greater initial activation in the left posterior cingulate cortex. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“On the other hand, activations of cortical regions including the anterior cingulate, insular cortex, and ventral pallidum were increased in long-term pair-bonds (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aron et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Kim et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Neural activities 180 days after the preliminary scan; page not provided) report increased activation in both cingulate gyri after 180 days, and the Discussion identifies the anterior cingulate as involved. The paper does not report increased activation in the insular cortex or ventral pallidum, and its comparison is a six-month follow-up of the same couples rather than a general finding about long-term pair-bonds. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“research in mammals showed that more touch and contact increased OT receptor density (Champagne et al., 2001).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Champagne et al., 2001 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that rat mothers with more pup licking/grooming had higher oxytocin receptor binding in several brain regions, but found no group difference in time spent in physical contact with pups. The Discussion describes an association and suggests that receptor differences may help drive licking/grooming; it does not show that more touch or contact caused receptor density to increase. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Although much research has focused on the neurobiological basis of bond formation, studies have mainly addressed the maternal–infant bond (Gordon et al., 2011).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Gordon et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (section 1; page unavailable) describes research on the biobehavioral mechanisms of bond formation, and section 2 discusses studies of maternal–infant interactions. But the paper also discusses paternal–infant and adult bonds, and the passages do not establish that studies have mainly addressed the maternal–infant bond. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Both the early stages of romantic love and early parental love are characterized by typical behaviors, mental states, and activations of specific brain structures (Atzil et al., 2011; Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Leckman et al., 1999; van Anders et al., 2011).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Atzil et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes characteristic maternal behaviors and brain regions involved in human parenting, while the Discussion links maternal behavior to mental processes and neural activation. This supports the early parental-love portion, but the paper does not discuss the behaviors, mental states, and brain activations of early romantic love; romantic love appears only in reference titles. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2004 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Leckman et al., 1999 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Results indicated a significant group effect, F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001, partial η2 = .42, with substantially higher levels of plasma OT among new lovers compared to non-attached singles (Fig. 1).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner’s OT.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“the individual’s OT level had an independent contribution to the prediction of his or her Interactive Reciprocity above and beyond the partner’s OT (Table 4).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, couples whose narrative was marked by greater Worry, indicating more time spent in thoughts of the partner and the relationship, had higher OT at the initial assessment (r = .19, p < .05).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results show that the partner’s OT was marginally predictive of the reciprocal style of the partner; however, the individual’s OT level had an independent contribution to the prediction of his or her Interactive Reciprocity above and beyond the partner’s OT (Table 4).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Period of the menstrual cycle in those women who did not take contraceptive pills was not controlled in the study, but no correlation was found between number of days since the last menstruation of these women and their OT levels.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 27
- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In addition, research has shown that the early stages of romantic love may be linked to alterations in plasma levels of cortisol, sex steroids, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Marazziti et al., 2009), as well as decreased density of the serotonin transporter in platelets (Emanuele et al., 2006; Marazziti et al., 1999; Marazziti and Canale, 2004), suggesting”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Marazziti et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an association between plasma BDNF and romantic attachment in women, and reports higher NGF in people who had recently fallen in love. It does not link cortisol or sex-steroid levels to early romantic love, nor establish that its BDNF finding concerns the early stage. The platelet serotonin-transporter claim has separate citations in the citing sentence and is not attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Emanuele et al., 2006 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Marazziti et al., 1999 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In humans, intranasal administration of OT was found to increase bonding-related behavior, including gaze to eye region (Guastella et al., 2008), interpersonal trust and empathy (Hurlemann et al., 2010; Kosfeld et al., 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al., 2005).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Guastella et al., 2008 source
- Supportedcites Hurlemann et al., 2010 source
The Abstract reports that intranasal oxytocin increased emotional empathy in healthy adult men, but not cognitive empathy. The Introduction also reports evidence that oxytocin enhances interpersonal trust, citing earlier studies. The eye-gaze and social-cognition claims are attributed to other citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites Kosfeld et al., 2005 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and LETTERS report that intranasal oxytocin increased trusting behavior in humans. They do not report an increase in empathy, which the citing sentence groups with interpersonal trust under the Kosfeld citation. Gaze to the eye region and social cognition are attributed to other cited papers in that sentence. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, findings regarding peripheral OT are mixed. Whereas some found links between plasma OT and positive communication, affiliation, and emotional support (Gonzaga et al., 2006; Grewen et al., 2005; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008), others showed associations with negative emotions, anxiety, and distress in romantic couples (Marazziti et al., 2006; Tabak et al., 2010; Taylor et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gonzaga et al., 2006 source
- Partly supportedcites Marazziti et al., 2006 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a positive association between plasma oxytocin and romantic-attachment anxiety (r = 0.30, p = 0.04). The paper does not report associations with negative emotions or distress, and the Results note that some participants were not in a romantic relationship, so its sample cannot be described simply as romantic couples. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites Tabak et al., 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that peripheral oxytocin reactivity was associated with post-conflict anxiety and lack of forgiveness in women following interpersonal harms. But the Methods include harms involving friends and relatives as well as romantic partners, and the Results found no significant association between baseline oxytocin and post-conflict anxiety. This source therefore supports the distress association, but not a finding specifically about romantic couples or baseline plasma oxytocin. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Specifically, OT has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of pair-bond formation in monogamous mammals (Ross and Young, 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Ross and Young, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 1.7, Social Bonding in Adults (page not provided), reports convincing evidence that oxytocin is critical for partner-preference formation in female monogamous prairie voles. It says the role in males is less clear and that whether oxytocin is involved in pair bonding in other monogamous species remains to be determined. The claim extends the established finding beyond the population the review supports. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Experiments were conducted in a comfortable laboratory during the mid-afternoon hours, in light of previous research suggesting stability in the diurnal cycle of plasma OT in the afternoon and evening hours (Forsling et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Procedure
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Forsling et al., 1998 source
The Fluid balance section (page unavailable) reports that plasma oxytocin concentrations were lowest during the afternoon and evening, then rose steeply after midnight. That pattern supports the citing sentence’s hedged description of relative stability during the afternoon and evening. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Third, although increasing literature suggests that arginine vasopressin is involved in pair bonding along with OT (Donaldson et al., 2010), the current study did not measure vasopressin.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Donaldson et al., 2010 source
The paper reports that vasopressin V1a receptor signaling is necessary for partner-preference formation and expression in male prairie voles (Abstract; no page supplied). Its Methods section also discusses oxytocin receptors in the context of social behavior. The statement that the citing authors’ current study did not measure vasopressin is not attributed to Donaldson et al. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pearson correlations indicated that OT was not associated with sex, body weight, height, smoking, contraceptive pills (58% of women were taking contraceptive pills), time since last meal, or sexual activity of the subject.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, OT was related to specific bonding-related behaviors and to preoccupations and worries in both parents and romantic partners.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the parental bonding literature, associations were found between OT levels and the couple’s reciprocal interactive behavior and mental preoccupations and worries.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“As seen, interactive behaviors such as affectionate touch, interpersonal focus, and matched dyadic states, which are central for the formation of parent–infant synchrony in both mothers and fathers (Feldman and Eidelman, 2007) and are associated with parental OT (Feldman et al., 2011), were central components of the reciprocity formed between romantic partners and similarly correlated with OT.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The CIB has good psychometric properties and has shown sensitivity to differences related to child age, interactive partner, cultural background, and risk conditions, and has been validated in numerous studies (Feldman, 2010; Feldman and Eidelman, 2009; Feldman and Klein, 2003; Feldman et al., 2001).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences in demographic conditions were found between new lovers and singles, between new lovers who did or did not stay together, or between those who did or did not return for the follow-up assessment.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Participants
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Coding was conducted by coders trained to reliability and inter-rated reliability, conducted on 10% of the sample, exceeded 85% on all codes. Coders were blind to all other information.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Interactive Reciprocity construct of the CIB has been extensively used in research spanning infancy to adolescence and has shown to be stable over the first 13 years of life, to predict adjustment in adolescence, and to be sensitive to cultural background and high-risk parenting (Feldman, 2010; Feldman and Masalha, 2010; Feldman et al., 2003).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Feldman and Masalha, 2010 source
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“subjects completed the Experience in Close Relationships scale (ECR), a well-known measure of attachment in adults (Brennan et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brennan et al., 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interviews were audiotaped and were then coded by two trained coders, with inter-rated reliability on 10% of the sample exceeding 90% on all topics. Coders did not participate in conducting the interviews and were blind to all other hormonal, behavioral, self-report and demographic information.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The biochemist conducting the analysis was blind to any information related to relational status (single, in relationship), sex, or behavioral and interview data.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intra-assay coefficients are 5.4% for the medium-high range and 12.4% for low range. The inter-assay coefficients were 8.7% for the medium–high range and 14.5%, for low range.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Plasma OT values at the first assessment, D(52) = .26, p < .05, as well as at the follow up, D(52) = .17, p < .05, were non-normal. Therefore, prior to statistical analysis OT values were log-transformed to correct for their non-Gaussian distribution.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“findings which parallel those described for parent–infant bonding”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“OT is a nonapeptide hormone associated with affiliative bonding in mammals (Insel et al., 1997) that is known to mediate social behavior, pair-bonding, and parental attachment across a variety of species (Carter, 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“OT has also been shown to play a role in human parenting and peripheral levels of OT have been associated with reciprocal parent–infant interactions in both mothers and fathers (Feldman et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“recent findings showed associations between plasma OT, genetic variability in the CD38 rs3796863 SNP, and the degree of reciprocity and touch between parents and their infants (Feldman et al., in press), pointing to the potential involvement of OT in the development of reciprocal interactions between”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., in press
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Determination of OT concentrations in plasma was performed using a commercial OT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Assay Design, Ann Arbor, MI) consistent with previous research (Carter et al., 2007; Feldman et al., 2007; Gordon et al., 2008).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, since we did not examine the same individuals prior to falling in love and again at the initial stages of romantic attachment, it is not possible to fully determine whether OT levels increased in response to the onset of a romantic relationship or whether OT represents a trait-like dimension of the individual and individuals with higher OT are more likely to fall in love.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Acevedo et al. (2011) found higher activations among romantically attached individuals in regions implicated in pair-bonding in monogamous rodents, and OT administration has shown to increase couples’ positive communication (Ditzen et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ditzen et al., 2009 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“OT has also been shown to play a role in human parenting and peripheral levels of OT have been associated with reciprocal parent–infant interactions in both mothers and fathers (Feldman et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Consistent with perspectives suggesting that periods of parental and romantic bonding share underlying mechanisms, this factor is similar to the one used in parenting research, describes a unique mental state in parents during the postpartum period (Feldman et al., 1999; Leckman et al., 1999), and has shown to correlate with parental OT (Feldman et al., 2007).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, warm contact between romantic partners has been associated with elevations in a subset of serum proteins (Matsunaga et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Matsunaga et al., 2009
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In addition, research has pointed to the central role of transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 in OT neuropathways and in the release of OT from axon terminalis (Jin et al., 2007), and recent findings showed associations between plasma OT, genetic variability in the CD38 rs3796863 SNP, and the degree of reciprocity and touch between parents and their infants (Feldman et al., in press), pointing to the”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jin et al., 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, the early stages of parenting has shown to be accompanied by heightened sensitivity to infant cues and mental preoccupations and worries, which similarly correlate with OT (Feldman et al., 2007) and are essential for the formation of the parent’s bond to the infant (Feldman et al., 1999; Leckman et al., 1999).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Because the links between central and peripheral OT are not fully understood, it is not clear whether plasma levels reflect central activity of the system, although studies in both humans and animals point to coordination between central and peripheral levels (Burri et al., 2008; Wotjak et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Previous research reported an increase in plasma OT levels during sexual arousal and orgasm in both men and women (Carmichael et al., 1987, 1994).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Carmichael et al., 1987, 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Dysfunctional romantic relationships and unreciprocated love have been associated with substantial psychological distress and suicidal behavior (Canetto and Lester, 2002; Emanuele, 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, we did not measure genetic variability in the OT receptor gene, the CD38 gene, or allelic variations that may impact physiological and behavioral processes at the initiation of romantic love.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the ELISA OT assay that had been conducted in the study had relatively high intra- and interassay CVs.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to investigate romantic attachment from a developmental biochemical perspective.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although we know that lovers were heterosexual, we did not collect this information from singles.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, it is important to note that the results do not imply a causal relationship between the beginning of a romantic relationship and higher OT values and it is possible that individuals with high OT also form romantic attachments more readily.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, due to obvious constraints in human research, we did not measure OT at the neurochemical brain level.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study had examined peripheral oxytocin levels across the initial period of romantic love.
“However, we are aware of no study that examined peripheral levels of OT across the initial period of romantic love.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Touch is a central and dyadic component of romantic relationships.
“based on the assumption that touch is a central and dyadic component of romantic relationships, whereas in the parent–child relationship it is a central but parental component of the exchange.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In adult-adult interaction, interpersonal focus is the age-matched parallel to the infant gaze-synchrony code.
“Similarly, in adult–adult interaction “interpersonal focus” was considered the age-matched parallel to the code of “gaze synchrony” in infancy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little research has examined circulating oxytocin levels during the initial period of falling in love.
“little research examined circulating OT levels during the initial period of falling in love”
The paper relies on this without support.
Significantly less is known about romantic attachment as a form of social affiliation in adult life.
“Significantly less is known about one of the most important forms of social affiliation in adult life – romantic attachment”
The paper relies on this without support.
Romantic relationships have a profound effect on adult life.
“romantic relationships have a profound effect on adult life”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While, compared with singles, basal concentrations of OXT in blood are increased in couples during the early stages of romantic love and stay significantly elevated in couples remaining together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012), our results suggest that further augmentation of endogenous OXT release is necessary to produce fidelity-enhancing effects.”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and consequently, OXT levels are higher in new lovers than in unattached singles (24).”
From Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Animal24 and human studies25 indicate that similar neural systems and behavioral patterns underpin the parent-infant and pair bonds and demonstrate that both forms of human attachment are characterized by behavioral synchrony26–28.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The paradigm involves planning a fun day to spend together and has been previously validated at our lab28,61.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“During naturalistic interactions, romantic partners exhibit online coordination of gaze and affect patterns9 and an increase in oxytocin levels that correlates with the degree of social synchrony28.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“OT in humans is also higher during early romantic relationships, is correlated with couples’ interactive reciprocity, and predicts which couples will stay together after 6 months (Schneiderman et al 2012).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al 2012
In the citing paper
“In contrast, in humans there is less evidence that the OT system plays a role in pair bond formation (e.g., Schneiderman et al. 2012), but the brain OT system does seem to be important for its maintenance (Hurlemann and Scheele 2016).”
From Oxytocin and Social Relationships: From Attachment to Bond Disruption (2017) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“During the early stages of romantic relationships, OXT plasma concentrations are elevated in new lovers compared with singles (55).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“In regards to the influence of oxytocin on such attachments, Schneiderman and colleagues observed heightened plasma levels of oxytocin in new couples (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Higher plasma oxytocin levels were associated with higher levels of interaction between the couples and predicted which couples would remain together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentF(1, 152) = 109.33reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001”
- Consistentt(43) = 0.91reported p = .37 · recomputed p = .368
“t(43) = .91, p = .37”
- ConsistentF(1, 97) = 4.67reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .033
“F(1, 97) = 4.67, p < .05”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 4.64reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .031
“χ2(1) = 4.64, p < .05”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
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Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690 · cited 2×
“, 2008), interpersonal trust and empathy (Hurlemann et al., 2010; Kosfeld et al., 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al.”
Attachment theory and close relationships
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“, 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al., 2005).”
The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.003 · Cited by 1,497 · cited 1×
“Both the early stages of romantic love and early parental love are characterized by typical behaviors, mental states, and activations of specific brain structures (Atzil et al., 2011; Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Leckman et al., 1999; van Anders et al., 2011).”
Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love
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“, 1997) that is known to mediate social behavior, pair-bonding, and parental attachment across a variety of species (Carter, 1998).”
The neural basis of romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00046 · Cited by 1,020
Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love
Aron, A., Fisher, H., Mashek, D. J., Strong, G., Li, H., & Brown, L. L. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00838.2004 · Cited by 963 · cited 3×
“In particular, the initial stage of a romantic relationship has been associated with greater neural activity in the left posterior cingulate cortex and caudate regions (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009) as compared to later stages of the relationship.”
Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior
Ross, H. E., & Young, L. J. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.004 · Cited by 856 · cited 1×
“Specifically, OT has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of pair-bond formation in monogamous mammals (Ross and Young, 2009).”
Ditzen, B., Schaer, M., Gabriel, B., Bodenmann, G., Ehlert, U., & Heinrichs, M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.011 · Cited by 805 · cited 3×
“(2011) found higher activations among romantically attached individuals in regions implicated in pair-bonding in monogamous rodents, and OTadministration has shown to increase couples’ positive communication (Ditzen et al., 2009).”
Flagged first, then by citations
8 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The oxytocin receptor: from intracellular signaling to behavior
Jurek, B., & Neumann, I. D. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2017 · Cited by 999
The Neurobiology of Human Attachments
Feldman, R. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007 · Cited by 839
“Matched interactions are observed between romantic partners and show similar second-by-second coordination of gaze and affect [6,114].”
Self-citationOxytocin and social affiliation in humans
Feldman, R. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.008 · Cited by 767
“…further corroborate our proposition that both parental and romantic attachment is supported by similar OT-based neuroendocrine mechanisms and is expressed in a similar behavioral repertoire including gaze, touch, affect, and vocalizations and their online coordination (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFeldman, R., Gordon, I., Influs, M., Gutbir, T., & Ebstein, R. P. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.22 · Cited by 622
Self-citationThe adaptive human parental brain: implications for children's social development
Feldman, R. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.004 · Cited by 419
Self-citationProblems with measuring peripheral oxytocin: can the data on oxytocin and human behavior be trusted?
McCullough, M. E., Churchland, P. S., & Mendez, A. J. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.018 · Cited by 416
Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions
Kinreich, S., Djalovski, A., Kraus, L., Louzoun, Y., & Feldman, R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17339-5 · Cited by 402
Self-citationPair-Bonding, Romantic Love, and Evolution
Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., Campbell, L., & Overall, N. C. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614561683 · Cited by 434
“However, the evidence for connections between plasma oxytocin levels and relationship satisfaction or communication in long-term romantic relationships is mixed (see Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundOxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine
Love, T. M. (2014) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.06.011 · Cited by 369
“which couples would remain together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
InfluentialOxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner
Scheele, D., Wille, A., Kendrick, K. M., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Becker, B., Güntürkün, O., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1314190110 · Cited by 340
Cooperation in lovers: An fNIRS-based hyperscanning study
Pan, Y., Cheng, X., Zhang, Z., Li, X., & Hu, Y. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23421 · Cited by 316
“Oxytocin is a hormone that plays a pivotal role in trust, empathy, and cooperation (Kosfeld et al., 2005; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBurkett, J. P., & Young, L. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2794-x · Cited by 307
“OT in humans is also higher during early romantic relationships, is correlated with couples’ interactive reciprocity, and predicts which couples will stay together after 6 months (Schneiderman et al. 2012).”
Jakubiak, B. K., & Feeney, B. C. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868316650307 · Cited by 331
Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females
Scheele, D., Striepens, N., Güntürkün, O., Deutschländer, S., Maier, W., Kendrick, K. M., & Hurlemann, R. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2755-12.2012 · Cited by 301
“…are increased in couples during the early stages of romantic love and stay significantly elevated in couples remaining together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012), our results suggest that further augmentation of endogenous OXT release is necessary to produce fidelity-enhancing…”
BackgroundKeltner, D., Kogan, A., Piff, P. K., & Saturn, S. R. (2014) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115054 · Cited by 298
“For example, the strength of romantic ties, as measured by nonverbal displays of romantic love (Gonzaga et al. 2006) and interactive reciprocity (Schneiderman et al. 2012), directly relates to the amount of oxytocin released during dyadic interactions.”
BackgroundSuccessful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults
Anton, S. D., Woods, A. J., Ashizawa, T., Barb, D., Buford, T. W., Carter, C. S., Clark, D. J., Cohen, R. A., Corbett, D. B., Cruz-Almeida, Y., et al. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.09.005 · Cited by 292
Feldman, R. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000048 · Cited by 271
“…stable across the 9-month period and, similar to parenting, correlated with social synchrony between partners during positive encounters, including expressed positive affect, matched dyadic states, affectionate touch, and mutual gazing (Schneiderman, Zagoory-Sharon, Leckman, & Feldman, 2012).”
Self-citationKagerbauer, S. M., Martin, J., Schuster, T., Blobner, M., Kochs, E. F., & Landgraf, R. (2013) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12038 · Cited by 212
The neurobiology of mammalian parenting and the biosocial context of human caregiving
Feldman, R. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.001 · Cited by 219
“Overall, it was found that periods of bond formation, such as becoming a parent or falling in love, are accompanied by increased OT production which is expressed in higher baseline plasma OT (Gordon et al., 2010a; Schneiderman et al., 2012); that baseline OT levels in plasma are highly stable within individuals throug…”
InfluentialSelf-citationDeconstructing sociality, social evolution and relevant nonapeptide functions
Goodson, J. L. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.005 · Cited by 206
“However, all of these studies differ substantially in methodology from those in voles (e.g., peripheral vs. central administrations; acute vs. chronic), and in fact romantic attachments in humans are associated with chronic elevations in circulating OT (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHow interpersonal synchrony facilitates early prosocial behavior
Cirelli, L. K. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.009 · Cited by 189
Feldman, R. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000656 · Cited by 181
Self-citationNeurobiological mechanisms of social attachment and pair bonding
Johnson, Z. V., & Young, L. J. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.01.009 · Cited by 169
Oxytocin and Social Relationships: From Attachment to Bond Disruption
Bosch, O. J., & Young, L. J. (2017) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_10 · Cited by 162
“In contrast, in humans there is less evidence that the OT system plays a role in pair bond formation (e.g., Schneiderman et al. 2012), but the brain OT system does seem to be important for its maintenance (Hurlemann and Scheele 2016).”
BackgroundThe role of oxytocin in male and female reproductive behavior
Veening, J. G., A, T. R. D. J., Waldinger, M. D., Korte, S. M., & Olivier, B. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.045 · Cited by 156
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Oxytocin׳s role in anxiety: A critical appraisal
MacDonald, K., & Feifel, D. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.025 · Cited by 139
MacDonald, K., MacDonald, T. M., Brüne, M., Lamb, K., Wilson, M. P., Golshan, S., & Feifel, D. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.014 · Cited by 140
“…OT levels are related to expression of affiliative behavior in parent—infant samples (Feldman et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2010; Strathearn et al., 2009), between mothers and daughters (Seltzer et al., 2010) and between couples (Gonzaga et al., 2006; Gouin et al., 2010; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships
Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.013 · Cited by 136
“OXT plasma levels are also increased in couples who exhibit higher interactive reciprocity and spend more time thinking of the partner and the relationship (55).”
BackgroundUzefovsky, F., Shalev, I., Israel, S., Edelman, S., Raz, Y., Mankuta, D., Knafo-Noam, A., & Ebstein, R. P. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.11.007 · Cited by 131
Oxytocin and postpartum depression: Delivering on what's known and what's not
Kim, S., Soeken, T. A., CROMER, S. J., Martinez, S. R., Hardy, L. R., & Strathearn, L. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.009 · Cited by 121
Touching the social robot PARO reduces pain perception and salivary oxytocin levels
Geva, N., Uzefovsky, F., & Levy-Tzedek, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66982-y · Cited by 111
Polack, R. G., Bar-Nahum, L. E., Newhouse, S., Anderson, R., Heiman, J. R., Rafaeli, E., & Janssen, E. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0448-2 · Cited by 124
Perception of social synchrony induces mother–child gamma coupling in the social brain
Levy, J., Goldstein, A., & Feldman, R. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx032 · Cited by 109
“Mother and child were videotaped in two wellvalidated one-on-one interaction paradigms: a ‘positive dialogue’ and a ‘conflict dialogue’ (Schneiderman et al., 2012, 2014; Feldman et al., 2013b, 2014).”
MethodSelf-citationHormonal contraceptives suppress oxytocin-induced brain reward responses to the partner’s face
Scheele, D., Plota, J., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv157 · Cited by 116
“In humans, peripheral OXT concentrations were significantly higher in new lovers compared with singles (Schneiderman et al., 2012) and OXT stimulated men in a monogamous relationship, but not single men, to keep a greater distance between themselves and an attractive woman during a first social…”
BackgroundAlgoe, S. B., Kurtz, L. E., & Grewen, K. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797617716922 · Cited by 103
Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives on Romantic Love
Bode, A., & Kushnick, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.573123 · Cited by 114
Maternal oxytocin response predicts mother-to-infant gaze
Kim, S., Fonagy, P., Koos, O., Dorsett, K., & Strathearn, L. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.050 · Cited by 102
“…have implicated oxytocin in maternal care (Febo et al., 2005; Pedersen et al., 2006; Strathearn et al., 2009b), pair bonding (Ross et al., 2009; Schneiderman et al., 2012), interpersonal trust (Van IJzendoorn and BakermansKranenburg, 2012), emotion recognition (Lischke et al., 2012; Perry et…”
The brain basis of social synchrony
Atzil, S., Hendler, T., & Feldman, R. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst105 · Cited by 106
Self-citationOxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders
Francis, S. M., Sagar, A., Levin-Decanini, T., Liu, W., Carter, C. S., & Jacob, S. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.021 · Cited by 101
“A range of studies have observed associations between peripheral OT/AVP levels and social stimuli (Kenkel et al., 2012; Schneiderman et al., 2012; Schradin et al., 2013; Seltzer et al., 2010; Wismer Fries et al., 2005; Zhong et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHow the brain codes intimacy: The neurobiological substrates of romantic touch
Kreuder, A.-K., Scheele, D., Wassermann, L., Wollseifer, M., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Lee, M. R., Hennig, J., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23679 · Cited by 89
“In humans, OXT plasma levels are higher in new lovers than in unattached singles and positively correlate with couples’ interactive reciprocity including positive affect and affectionate touch [Schneiderman et al., 2012].”
BackgroundDetection, processing and reinforcement of social cues: regulation by the oxytocin system
Menon, R., & Neumann, I. D. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00759-w · Cited by 100
“For example, higher basal plasma OXT concentrations have been reported during the early stages of romantic love 135 , whereas lower plasma or saliva OXT levels are related to impaired social functioning, including high trait aggression 136 and child maltreatment 137 .”
BackgroundIntranasal oxytocin effects on social cognition: A critique
Evans, S. L., Dal Monte, O., Noble, P., & Averbeck, B. B. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.008 · Cited by 97
“The early stages of romantic attachment have been linked to enhanced OT levels in plasma, the levels of which can predict whether the relationship is sustained 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
Oxytocin and stress-related disorders: neurobiological mechanisms and treatment opportunities
Sippel, L. M., Allington, C. E., Pietrzak, R. H., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Mayes, L. C., & Olff, M. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547016687996 · Cited by 99
DeWall, C. N., Gillath, O., Pressman, S. D., Black, L. L., Bartz, J. A., Moskovitz, J., & Stetler, D. A. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550613516876 · Cited by 96
“We focused on IPV inclinations because of prior working linking elevated oxytocin levels to romantic relationship maintenance behaviors (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundApplying socioendocrinology to evolutionary models: Fatherhood and physiology
Gettler, L. T. (2014) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21412 · Cited by 101
Martins, D., Gabay, A. S., Mehta, M. A., & Paloyelis, Y. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62456 · Cited by 99
“, 2013) or early romantic (Schneiderman et al., 2012) periods participants were in when the studies were conducted, since these periods engage”
BackgroundInfluentialPlasencia, G., Luedicke, J., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., Carter, C. S., & Ebner, N. C. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104419 · Cited by 87
Moscovice, L. R., Surbeck, M., Fruth, B., Hohmann, G., Jaeggi, A. V., & Deschner, T. (2019) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104581 · Cited by 85
Long, Y., Zheng, L., Zhao, H., Zhou, S., Zhai, Y., & Lu, C. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa316 · Cited by 89
Schneiderman, I., Kanat‐Maymon, Y., Ebstein, R. P., & Feldman, R. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst142 · Cited by 90
“…a substantial increase during the first year of romantic relationships in both men and women as compared to romantically unattached individuals (Schneiderman et al., 2012), and peripheral OT is linked with affiliation, emotional support and positive communication between couples (Grewen, 2005;…”
Self-citationEndocrinology of human female sexuality, mating, and reproductive behavior
Motta‐Mena, N. V., & Puts, D. A. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.012 · Cited by 89
Oxytocin facilitates reciprocity in social communication
Spengler, F. B., Scheele, D., Marsh, N., Kofferath, C., Flach, A., Schwarz, S., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx061 · Cited by 83
“In line with this hypothesis, peripheral OXT levels have been associated with synchronized behavior in parent–infant bonds (Feldman, 2012; Feldman et al., 2013) and new lovers (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundLi, Q., Becker, B., Wernicke, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, R., Le, J., Kou, J., Zhao, W., & Kendrick, K. M. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.016 · Cited by 88
Integrative pathways linking close family ties to health: A neurochemical perspective.
Uchino, B. N., & Way, B. M. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000049 · Cited by 85
Mascaro, J. S., Hackett, P. D., & Rilling, J. K. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.014 · Cited by 84
“Both T and OT are known to vary with relationship status (Burnham et al. 2003; Gray et al. 2002; Schneiderman et al. 2012).”
Theoretical frameworks for human behavioral endocrinology
Roney, J. R. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.06.004 · Cited by 87
“…partners have positively predicted both measures of engagement in the relationships and the probability of the couples staying together over time (Schneiderman et al., 2012).2 Such findings suggest that oxytocin responses to specific eliciting conditionsmay promote specific, functional output…”
A review of human male field studies of hormones and behavioral reproductive effort
Gray, P. B., McHale, T. S., & Carré, J. M. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.07.004 · Cited by 83
“higher blood oxytocin levels than singles (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
Brown, C. L., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2021) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.002 · Cited by 92
Social bonding: regulation by neuropeptides
Lieberwirth, C., & Wang, Z. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00171 · Cited by 86
“Interestingly, the OT levels were positively correlated with the level of interactive reciprocity (i.e., affectionate touch) (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundOxytocin and socioemotional aging: current knowledge and future trends
Ebner, N. C., Maura, G. M., MacDonald, K., Westberg, L., & Fischer, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00487 · Cited by 78
“…effects on facial processing and trust, intranasal OT has been shown to influence social approach behavior, attachment, bonding, and social rejection with associated health benefits (Ditzen et al., 2009; Gouin et al., 2010; Scheele et al., 2012; Schneiderman et al., 2012; Fekete et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSchneiderman, I., Kanat‐Maymon, Y., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.893925 · Cited by 74
“Each code is rated on a Likert scale of 1 = low to 5 = high (Schneiderman et al., 2012, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTestosterone, oxytocin, and the development of human parental care
Gordon, I., Pratt, M., Bergunde, K., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.05.016 · Cited by 77
“Consistent with previous findings (Feldman et al., 2013; Schneiderman et al., 2012), for the entire sample, OT levels were highly correlated across time (Pearson's r(48) = 0.85, p b 0.001).”
ResultInfluentialSelf-citationNuman, M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190848675.001.0001 · Cited by 106
Algoe, S. B., & Way, B. M. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst182 · Cited by 79
Ulmer-Yaniv, A., Avitsur, R., Kanat-Maymon, Y., Schneiderman, I., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.017 · Cited by 68
Self-citationPratt, M., Apter-Levy, Y., Vakart, A., Feldman, M., Fishman, R., Feldman, T., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22392 · Cited by 69
Self-citationJiang, Y., & Platt, M. L. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25607-1 · Cited by 69
When Two Become One: The Role of Oxytocin in Interpersonal Coordination and Cooperation
Arueti, M., Perach-Barzilay, N., Tsoory, M. M., Berger, B., Getter, N., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00400 · Cited by 67
Buemann, B., & Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109597 · Cited by 66
Titi Monkeys as a Novel Non-Human Primate Model for the Neurobiology of Pair Bonding .
Bales, K. L., Razo, R. A., Conklin, Q. A., Hartman, S., Mayer, H. S., Rogers, F. D., Simmons, T. C., Smith, L. K., Williams, A. V., Williams, D. R., et al. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 62
Taurines, R., Schwenck, C., Lyttwin, B., Schecklmann, M., Jans, T., Reefschläger, L., Geissler, J. M., Gerlach, M., & Romanos, M. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0145-y · Cited by 66
The role of oxytocin and vasopressin in emotional and social behaviors
Bachner‐Melman, R., & Ebstein, R. P. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59602-4.00004-6 · Cited by 65
The neuropeptide oxytocin induces a social altruism bias
Marsh, N., Scheele, D., Gerhardt, H., Strang, S., Enax, L., Weber, B., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3199-15.2015 · Cited by 59
“…physiologically elevated endogenous OXT release in significant percentages of the population, including people engaged in romantic relationships (Schneiderman et al., 2012; Hurlemann and Scheele, 2015), parental care of infants (Rilling and Young, 2014), or social group activities (De Dreu and…”
BackgroundRelationship quality and oxytocin
Holt‐Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W. C., & Light, K. C. (2014) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407514536294 · Cited by 62
“Our findings are consistent with others who found higher, and stable, plasma OT concentration among romantic relationships relative to those not in a romantic relationship (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
ResultHormonal systems, human social bonding, and affiliation
Gangestad, S. W., & Grebe, N. M. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.005 · Cited by 55
“The literature we discuss above includes a mix of studies using assays on extracted (e.g., Tabak et al., 2011) and unextracted samples (e.g., Schneiderman et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2010; Grebe et al., 2016b). traditionally implicated in bond formation and maintenance.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe body communicates: Movement synchrony during music therapy with children diagnosed with ASD
Dvir, T., Lotan, N., Viderman, R., & Elefant, C. (2020) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2020.101658 · Cited by 61
Hormones as “difference makers” in cognitive and socioemotional aging processes
Ebner, N. C., Kamin, H. S., Diaz, V. G., Cohen, R. A., & MacDonald, K. S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01595 · Cited by 59
“In a reciprocal manner, social bonding can affect plasma oxytocin levels in humans (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMartial arts increase oxytocin production
Rassovsky, Y., Harwood‐Gross, A., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49620-0 · Cited by 55
Self-citationEngel, S., Laufer, S., Miller, R., Niemeyer, H., Knaevelsrud, C., & Schumacher, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100775 · Cited by 50
Parental and romantic attachment shape brain processing of infant cues
Weisman, O., Feldman, R., & Goldstein, A. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.11.008 · Cited by 50
Self-citationOn social health: history, conceptualization, and population patterning
Doyle, D. M., & Link, B. G. (2024) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2024.2314506 · Cited by 65
“Consistent with attachment theory, the oxytocinergic system is later stimulated in warm touch and a ff ection between adult romantic partners (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008) and tracks closely to relational commitment and stability (Schneiderman et al., 2012; Van Anders et al., 2011).”
How does oxytocin modulate human behavior?
Yao, S., & Kendrick, K. M. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02898-1 · Cited by 61
“Altered basal OT concentrations are also associated with different social contexts, including increases during early stage romantic relationships [72] and maternal attachment and decreased ones during social neglect [73], but it is dif fi cult to disentangle these effects from receipt of…”
The oxytocinergic system mediates synchronized interpersonal movement during dance
Josef, L., Goldstein, P., Mayseless, N., Ayalon, L., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37141-1 · Cited by 43
“A significant difference was found between OT and placebo [t(29) = 2.”
BackgroundResultZilcha‐Mano, S., Shamay‐Tsoory, S., Dolev‐Amit, T., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2020) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000386 · Cited by 46
“It has been shown that baseline OT, measured in both plasma and saliva, is individually stable over a period of months and even years in mothers, fathers, infants, and children (Feldman et al., 2007; Feldman, Gordon, Influs, Gutbir, & Ebstein, 2013; Priel et al., 2019; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPhysical Pain as Pleasure: A Theoretical Perspective
Dunkley, C. R., Henshaw, C. D., Henshaw, S. K., & Brotto, L. A. (2019) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2019.1605328 · Cited by 47
Humble, M. B., Uvnäs‐Moberg, K., Engström, I., & Bejerot, S. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-344 · Cited by 42
“[85,86].”
A Novel Role of CD38 and Oxytocin as Tandem Molecular Moderators of Human Social Behavior
Tolomeo, S., Chiao, B., Lei, Z., Chew, S. H., & Ebstein, R. P. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.013 · Cited by 40
Zilcha‐Mano, S., Goldstein, P., Dolev‐Amit, T., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2021) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000619 · Cited by 39
“It has been suggested that the oxytocinergic system plays a key role in the interactive reciprocity and dyadic synchronized behavior characterizing the mother–infant relationship (Feldman et al., 2011), as well as in romantic relationships (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPinto, S. (2017) · Rethinking History · doi:10.1080/13642529.2017.1333288 · Cited by 39
“Marazziti and Baroni (2012) also make a case for the biological roots of romantic love, noting the underlying chemical properties of the different phases of love, and particularly the likely role of oxytocin, which they suggest might be ‘an essential element in securing the rewarding effects of a romantic relationship…”
BackgroundRagen, B., Maninger, N., Mendoza, S. P., Jarcho, M. R., & Bales, K. L. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.009 · Cited by 39
Something to talk about: Gossip increases oxytocin levels in a near real-life situation
Brondino, N., Fusar‐Poli, L., & Politi, P. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.014 · Cited by 39
Kim, S., & Strathearn, L. (2017) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.2016.1277897 · Cited by 38
“Popularly referred to as “the hormone of love” (Newton 1973), OT is involved in bond formation (Schneiderman et al. 2012; Love 2014) and many critical aspects of social cognition (Young 2015), including emotion recognition (Lischke et al. 2012; Perry et al. 2013), empathy (Gonzalez-Liencres,…”
BackgroundInfluentialOxytocin and Behavior: Evidence for Effects in the Brain
Stevens, F. L., Wiesman, O., Feldman, R., Hurley, R. A., & Taber, K. H. (2013) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13030061 · Cited by 38
“even than those observed in new parents and were modestly predictive of relationship stability at 6-month follow-up.(42) However, plasma OT also correlated with new lovers’ preoccupations and worries regarding the”
BackgroundSelf-citationOxytocin and vulnerable romantic relationships
Grebe, N. M., Kristoffersen, A. A., Grøntvedt, T. V., Emery Thompson, M., Kennair, L. E. O., & Gangestad, S. W. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.02.009 · Cited by 34
Evolutionary Science of Female Orgasm
Wheatley, J. R., & Puts, D. A. (2014) · Evolutionary psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09384-0_7 · Cited by 37
Affectionate touch and diurnal oxytocin levels: An ecological momentary assessment study
Schneider, E., Hopf, D., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Scheele, D., Neubauer, A., Sailer, U., Hurlemann, R., Eckstein, M., & Ditzen, B. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.81241 · Cited by 46
“However, the difference between our data and the findings reported by Martins et al., 2020 might also reflect methodological differences as previous studies with unextracted samples also reported positive correlations over time ( Feldman et al., 2013 ; Schneiderman et al., 2012 ).”
Romantic love evolved by co-opting mother-infant bonding
Bode, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176067 · Cited by 32
“…this is consistent with endocrinological findings that higher levels of oxytocin are associated with the early stages of a romantic relationship (Schneiderman et al., 2012, 2014; Ulmer-Yaniv et al., 2016) and during maternal love, such as following mother–child contact (Feldman et al., 2010)…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParental touch reduces social vigilance in children
Brummelman, E., Terburg, D., Smit, M., Bögels, S. M., & Bos, P. A. (2018) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2018.05.002 · Cited by 33
Attachment theory grows up: a developmental approach to pair bonds
Zeifman, D. M. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.06.001 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Schneiderman, I., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Leckman, J. F., & Feldman, R.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feldman, Ruth
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1277-1285
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3936960
- OpenAlex
- W2121692487
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US-Israel Bi-National Foundation
- NARSAD
- Israel Science Foundation
- Katz Family Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- oxytocin, romantic attachment, plasma oxytocin, couple interaction, pair bonding, relationship stability, breakup, affectionate touch, positive affect, relationship anxiety, parent-infant bonding
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Behavior, Courtship, Emotions, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Male, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Young Adult
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