New evidence of the presence of endometriosis in the human fetus
Open accessAbstract
The aetiology of endometriosis, a gynaecological disease defined by the histological presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, is still open to debate. Research has recently found evidence for endometriosis in human female fetuses at different gestational ages. This paper reports a new case of fetal endometriosis in a 25-week female fetus, deceased due to placental pathology, from a series of 13 female fetuses analysed at autopsy. The exact anatomical localization of this misplaced endometrium, as well as its histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics are illustrated. The case suggests that endometriosis can be caused by dislocation of primitive endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity during organogenesis.
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Endometriosis foci occur in fetuses.
“World literature also reports the occurrence of foci of endometriosis in fetuses [24].”
From Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature) (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
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ResultLumbar Ureteral Stenosis due to Endometriosis: Our Experience and Review of the Literature
Butticè, S., Laganà, A. S., Barresi, V., Inferrera, A., Mucciardi, G., Benedetto, A. D., D'amico, C., & Magno, C. (2013) · Case Reports in Urology · doi:10.1155/2013/812475 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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“The establishment and growth of endometriotic tissue is estrogen-dependent and therefore mostly symptomatic in biological women of reproductive age, although endome - triosis is present in the body before reproductive age and well into post menopause (Signorile et al. 2010 ; Becker et al. 2022 ).”
Viganò, P., Vanni, V. S., Corti, L., Garavaglia, E., Tandoi, I., Pagliardini, L., Somigliana, E., & Candiani, M. (2013) · Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders · doi:10.5301/je.5000156 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Another hypothesis postulates that the disease may develop in situ either via the coelomic metaplasia of the coelomic membranes covering the ovaries and the peritoneum forming typical endometrial glands and stroma, or through an aberrant migration of the Mullerian ducts during embryogenesis that eventually undergo met…”
BackgroundEndometriosis in adolescent and young women
Benagiano, G., Bianchi, P., & Guo, S. (2021) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04764-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Looking for an effective and non-invasive diagnostic test for endometriosis: where are we?
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“In recent years, research conducted by our group and others have produced experimental evidence in favor of an alteration of the fine-tuning of the female genital system development during the fetal life as the pathogenetic event predisposing to the progression of endometriosis later in life (6-12).”
BackgroundKyei-Barffour, I., Montgomery, G. W., & McKinnon, B. D. (2026) · Journal of Endometriosis and Uterine Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jeud.2026.100152 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Baldi, A., Lanza, A., Menicagli, F., Signorile, P. G., & Spugnini, E. P. (2017) · Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1155/2017/4594510 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Recently, our research group has shown the presence of an ectopic endometrium with a molecular and histological phenotype identical to that of the eutopic endometrium in a substantial number of human female fetuses analyzed by postmortem dissection [15, 29, 30].”
BackgroundEndometriosis in a Prepubertal Patient with 46,XY Difference in Sex Development: A Case Report
Harris, K. T., Woodfield, K., Bodmer, J. L., Valentine, A., Nokoff, N., Wilcox, D. T., & Alaniz, V. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2024.05.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Олеговна, Д. С., Berlim, Y. D., Станиславович, Г. В., Викторовна, К. Л., & Arechan, K. A. (2015) · Russian Journal of Human Reproduction · doi:10.17116/repro201521398-105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Presence of Endometriosis in the Human Fetus
Signorile, P. G., & Baldi, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52984-0_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
(2019) · doi:10.31038/igoj.2019241 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kumar, I., Kumari, S., Ojha, R., Kumari, R., Kushwaha, K., Singh, P. K., & Verma, A. K. (2026) · World Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4329/wjr.v18.i3.118143 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Епідеміологія синдрому полікістозних яєчників, ендометріозу та їх коморбідного перебігу
Досвальд, А. С. Х., Khmil, M. S., & Хміль, С. В. (2022) · Bulletin Of Medical And Biological Research · doi:10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2021.4.12662 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Endometriosis Etiology: Hypothesis of Maternal MicrochimerismPreprint
Barad, T. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0372.v1
Endometriosis Tissues Identifies Genes Related to Organogenesis
Piccolo, M. T., Donizetti, A., Viceconte, R., Spyrou, M. A., Calogero, R., Baldi, A., & Signorile, P. G. (2013)
Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis
(2010) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2364
Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Theories of the Cells of Origin and Methods of Dissemination
Martin, D. C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97236-3_3
Rovito, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15681-5_2
Cancer-like Hallmarks of Endometriosis: The Role of Estrogen Signaling and Stem Cell Plasticity
Signorile, P. G., Baldi, A., Mazzotti, A., Montanaro, M., & Boccellino, M. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27104510 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…endometriotic lesions adjacent to tumors, support the theory of a stepwise progression from benign endometriosis to malignancy, with ESCs as a plausible cellular origin, in line with evidence suggesting that endometriotic cells may derive from developmental remnants present since fetal life [106].”
Alterations in Cellular Immunity in Patients With Endometriosis: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Adamyan, L. V., Pivazyan, L. G., Kurbatova, K. S., Barsegyan, S., Grigoryan, B., & Stepanian, A. (2026) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.70296
- Authors
- Signorile, P. G., Baldi, F., Bussani, R., D’Armiento, M., De Falco, M., Boccellino, M., Quagliuolo, L., & Baldi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Signorile, Pietro G.
- Baldi, Alfonso
- Venue
- Reproductive BioMedicine Online
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 142-147
- ISSN
- 1472-6483 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038221637
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reproductive BioMedicine Online (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Teratomas and Epidermoid Cysts
- Keywords
- organogenesis, placental pathology, fetal autopsy, immunohistochemistry, histopathology, female fetus
- MeSH terms
- Endometriosis, Endometrium, Female, Fetus, Humans, Immunohistochemistry
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