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Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework
Open accessAbstract
An integrative framework is proposed to advance management research on technological platforms, bridging two theoretical perspectives: economics, which sees platforms as double-sided markets, and engineering design, which sees platforms as technological architectures. While the economic perspective informs our understanding of platform competition, the engineering design perspective informs our view of platform innovation. The article argues that platforms can be usefully conceptualized as evolving organizations or meta-organizations that: (1) federate and coordinate constitutive agents who can innovate and compete; (2) create value by generating and harnessing economies of scope in supply or/and in demand; and (3) entail a modular technological architecture composed of a core and a periphery. In support of this conceptualization, a classification system is presented, indicating that technological platforms appear in a variety of organizational forms: within firms, across supply chains, and across industry innovation ecosystems. As an illustration, the framework is then applied to derive a simple model highlighting patterns of interaction between platform innovation and competition, yielding hypotheses that could be tested empirically by future scholars.
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“Because of their central role in encouraging project development, they are often thought to foster an ecosystem under the sponsorship of a platform leader which develops and provides specific functionality to smaller projects (Gawer, 2014).”
From The sustainability of open source commons (2023) · cites this paper as Gawer, 2014
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“It also shows that content creators face a ‘winner-take-all’ situation (Cennamo and Santalo 2013, p. 1331; Gawer 2014, p. 1241).”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Gawer 2014
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“Even in the service innovation literature (Barrett et al. 2015;Lusch and Nambisan 2015), where value-in-use is emphasized, and in the platform and network effects literature (Gawer 2014;Parker et al. 2016), where demand and user adoption are important, there is a lack of a vocabulary and coherent framework for dealing with use recombination and how it relates to value creation and capture in digit”
From Recombination in the open-ended value landscape of digital innovation (2018) · cites this paper as Gawer 2014
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Parmentier, G., Paris, T., & Gandia, R. (2021) · Innovations · doi:10.3917/inno.066.0005 · Cited by 8
Differentiating Industrial Internet of Things platforms from a value network-oriented perspective
Hartner, F., Löwen, U., & Franke, J. E. (2021) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.09.090 · Cited by 8
Liang, K., Ma, L., Liu, Z., & Li, T. (2022) · Science Technology and Society · doi:10.1177/09717218221074933 · Cited by 8
“Platform ecosystem absorbs the advantages of product platform and two-sided platform (Gawer, 2014; Thomas et al., 2014).”
BackgroundDigitale Gesundheitsplattformen. Strategien – Geschäftsmodelle – Entwicklungslinien
Rasche, C., & Raab, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-35991-1_5 · Cited by 8
Fan, Z., & Zhai, X. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15021178 · Cited by 8
“Various perspectives help us better understand the essence of the Internet platform [51] and how it differs from the traditional multisided platform that mediates different actors (i.e., buyers and sellers) [52].”
BackgroundDomenico, M. D., Hofman, E., & Schiele, H. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3240300 · Cited by 9
“On the other hand, the two perspectives are undoubtedly linked and interdependent, and both are essential to fully understanding the phenomenon [85].”
BackgroundThe Price is Right: Exploring Pricing of Digital Industrial Platforms
Petrik, D., Springer, V., Strobel, G., Möller, F., & Schoormann, T. (2023) · Information systems management · doi:10.1080/10580530.2023.2223356 · Cited by 8
Exploring the Determinants of Partner Management in IIoT Platform Ecosystems
Petrik, D. (2023) · European Journal of Management Issues · doi:10.15421/192307 · Cited by 8
“Therefore, technology management research also recognizes that digital platforms foster open innovation, which benefits from the integration of platform technologies (Gawer, 2014; Koch and Kerschbaum, 2014; Cennamo, 2021).”
BackgroundQureshi, F. N., Pundziene, A., & Adams, R. (2024) · IEEE transactions on engineering management · doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3319736 · Cited by 6
“DMSPs can be conceptualized as aligning and coordinating key stakeholders or agents enabling 1) innovation and competition, while 2) creating value through economies of scope and 3) involving a technological architecture comprising of a periphery and a core [4].”
BackgroundAn image of industry: exploring the effects of knowledge sources in the medical imaging industry
Park, U. D., Rha, Y., Shah, S., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2023) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtad072 · Cited by 6
“…(Lane, 1989; Klepper, 2002a); existing distribution networks that span more fields; established R&D operations which can be useful when entering new business areas (Klepper, 2002a, 2002b); and pre-existing social and relational capital with suppliers and distributors (Schilling, 2002; Gawer, 2014).”
Manning, S. D., & Reinecke, J. (2015) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.11.007 · Cited by 95
“…(Henderson and Clark, 1990; Ethiraj and Levinthal, 2004; Baldwin and Hippel 2011; Fjeldstad et al., 2012) and technological transitions (e.g. Gawer, 2014), we show that modularity can also be a “rich entry point into a broader set of issues cutting across technological organizational and…”
BackgroundBuilding interfirm leadership: A relational identity perspective
Hao, B., Feng, Y., & Ye, J. (2017) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2017.03.010 · Cited by 10
Tsai, C.-L. (2018) · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2018.1442924 · Cited by 8
Miron, E.-T., Purcărea, A. A., & NEGOITA, O. D. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10093272 · Cited by 8
“Licensing agreements, service level agreements (SLAs), the assignment of decision and property rights, contracts, the platform architecture and its interfaces, signaling and relational contracting all represent private controls imposed and enacted by the platform owner [13].”
BackgroundUne lecture lakatosienne de l’approche par les écosystèmes d’affaires
Gratacap, A., Isckia, T., & Parisot, X. (2018) · Management international · doi:10.7202/1052767ar · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Gawer, A.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gawer, Annabelle
- ORCID
- Gawer, Annabelle
- Venue
- Research Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1239-1249
- ISSN
- 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052419127
- Cited by
- 1,869
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 184 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 193 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 223 · 2021: 274 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 153.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Research Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- EPSRC NEMODE Network+
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Product Development and Customization
- Keywords
- technology platforms, technical architecture, platform competition, platform innovation, meta-organizations, economies of scope, modular architecture, core-periphery, platform classification, supply chain platforms, innovation ecosystems, integrative framework
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