RETRACTED: Rates of comorbid symptoms in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid ASD and ADHD
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief, after review by an independent panel of experts, due to evidence of a compromised peer review process and the failure of one author to disclose significant conflicts of interest. An independent peer-review process is a cornerstone of scientific integrity that allows for research to be scrutinized before publication to ensure that conclusions are anchored in sound methodology and objective interpretation of the results. Equally important is that the readership of research is fully informed about any potential competing interests that may have influenced the research process. This article is being retracted because it did not include a declaration of a conflict of interest of one author in relation to diagnostic tools which the paper endorses. The same author was also the Editor in Chief of the journal at the time of publication and evidence indicates that the paper was accepted without any independent peer review by external reviewers. The article is therefore retracted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Elsevier: https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction-guidelines.pdf.
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The adaptive and social functioning of people with ASD are affected by inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
“The adaptive and social functioning of people with ASD are also affected by the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptomatology (Ashwood et al., 2015;Jang et al, 2013;Lyall et al., 2017;Rao and Landa, 2014;Sikora et al., 2012;Tureck et al., 2013;Yerys et al., 2009).”
From Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavioral problems (2018) · cites this paper as Jang et al, 2013
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Mengi, M., & Malhotra, D. (2021) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-021-09682-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Many publications in Lancet Psychiatry, Journal of Child psychology and psychiatry have documented the resemblance of some symptoms of ASD and ADHD and frequent comorbidity of ASD with ADHD [159].”
BackgroundFlouri, E., Midouhas, E., Charman, T., & Sarmadi, Z. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2456-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“2009) and more likely to present with psychopathology, such as conduct problems/oppositionality and emotional problems (Jang et al. 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCarta, A., Fucà, E., Guerrera, S., Napoli, E., Valeri, G., & Vicari, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00861 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“(2017) found that children with ASD, ADHD, and co-occurring ASD/ADHD exhibit similar inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity levels conversely to previous findings that demonstrated that a dual diagnosis of ASD/ADHD is associated with more severe ADHD symptoms (Jang et al., 2013).”
ResultHill, C., Keville, S., & Ludlow, A. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2021.1975253 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…in their daily living skills, have lower IQ scores, higher cognitive and social difficulties, higher anxiety and perfectionism levels (Craig et al., 2015); higher rates of hyperactivity and attention difficulties (Yerys et al., 2009); and more conduct-related issues than peers (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKasperzack, D., Schrott, B., Mingebach, T., Becker, K., Burghardt, R., & Kamp‐Becker, I. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319866063 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Parents of children with ASD are challenged by a wide range of different parenting situations concerning not only the core symptoms of ASD in the domains of social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors but also the high level of externalizing behavior problems (aggressive and oppositional behaviors, ta…”
BackgroundWilliams, O. O. F., Coppolino, M., & Perreault, M. L. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01757-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Added to the complexity of ASD is the high comorbidity with other neurological conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, seizures and cerebral palsy [8, 9].”
BackgroundSleep behaviour relates to language skills in children with and without communication disorders
Botting, N., & Baraka, N. (2017) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2017.1283766 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with autism and ADHD
Hatch, B., Kadlaskar, G., & Miller, M. R. (2022) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.22808 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“, 2012), and additional comorbidities like oppositional defiant disorder (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) in autism spectrum disorder
Mannion, A., & Leader, G. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.12.021 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Jang et al. (2013) found that children with ASD and AD/HD exhibited higher rates of comorbid symptoms than children with ASD alone or children with AD/HD alone.”
BackgroundKnott, R., Johnson, B., Tiego, J., Mellahn, O., Finlay, A., Kallady, K., Kouspos, M., Sindhu, V. P. M., Hawi, Z., Arnatkevic̆iūtė, A., et al. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00457-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Eaton, C. B., Roarty, K., Doval, N., Shetty, S., Goodall, K., & Rhodes, S. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231177466 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Children with ASD and co-occurring ADHD show greater social and cognitive impairments, higher rates of internalizing and externalizing behaviors (Holtmann et al., 2007; Rao & Landa, 2014; Visser et al., 2016) and conduct problems (Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Psychosis in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Niarchou, M., Calkins, M. E., Moore, T. M., Tang, S. X., McDonald‐McGinn, D. M., Zackai, E. H., Emanuel, B. S., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx113 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mansour, R., Ward, A. R., Lane, D. M., Loveland, K. A., Aman, M. G., Jerger, S. W., Schachar, R. J., & Pearson, D. A. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103882 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“For instance, children with both ASD and ADHD had higher rates of comorbid psychiatric symptoms compared to those with ASD alone (Jang et al., 2013; Mansour et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBehavioural Measures of Infant Activity but Not Attention Associate with Later Preschool ADHD Traits
Goodwin, A., Hendry, A. J., Mason, L., Bazelmans, T., Ali, J. B., Pasco, G., Charman, T., Jones, E. J. H., Johnson, M. H., & The BASIS/STAARS Team (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11050524 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Family Quality of Life Perceived by Mothers of Children with ASD and ADHD
Romaniuk, A., Ward, M. A., Henrikson, B., Cochrane, K., & Theule, J. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01422-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“ADHD is also highly comorbid in ASD populations [23], and studies have shown an increase in maladaptive behaviours in children with ASD + ADHD, in comparison to those with ASD or ADHD alone [12].”
InfluentialAndersen, P. N., Hovik, K. T., Skogli, E. W., & Øie, M. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02004 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Inattention problems in ASD may also be related to Executive Functions (EF) as these have been found to be impaired in both children with ASD and ADHD (Hosenbocus and Chahal, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialCasseus, M. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221083279 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous studies, males had significantly higher odds of reporting ASD + ADHD than females (Jang et al., 2013; Rao & Landa, 2013; Russell et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKim, K. M., Lim, M. H., Kwon, H., Yoo, S.-J., Kim, E.-J., Kim, J. W., Ha, M., & Paik, K. C. (2018) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.018 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Joshi, G., DiSalvo, M., Faraone, S. V., Wozniak, J. R., Fried, R. S., Galdo, M., Belser, A. H., Hoskova, B., Dallenbach, N. T., Leon, M. F. D., et al. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01384-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chen, M.-T., Chang, Y.-P., Marraccini, M. E., Cho, M.-C., & Guo, N. (2020) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1827673 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“This comorbidity rate, 36%, was well within the range of those found in the literature (see Jang et al. , 2013) and did not statistically vary between groups in the present research ( v 2 ¼ 1.96, df ¼ 1, p ¼ .16).”
ResultInfluentialRETRACTED: How does ASD symptomology correlate with ADHD presentations?
Konst, M. J., Matson, J. L., Goldin, R. L., & Rieske, R. D. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
RetractedHeady, N. J., Watkins, A. J., John, A. M., & Hutchings, H. A. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-01923-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Increased rate of listening difficulties in autistic children
James, P., Schafer, E. C., Wolfe, J., Matthews, L., Browning, S., Oleson, J., Sorensen, E., Rance, G., Shiels, L., & Dunn, A. (2022) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106252 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Chahboun, S., Kvello, Ø., & Page, A. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2021.661528 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kim, H.-M., & Song, D. (2019) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103539 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mammarella, I. C., Cardillo, R., & Semrud‐Clikeman, M. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104242 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Adaralegbe, N., Okobi, O. E., Omar, Z. T. O., Segun, E. O., Evbayekha, E. O., Abolurin, A., Egberuare, E. O., Ezegbe, H. C., Adegbosin, A., Adedeji, A. G., et al. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.31907 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“However, little is known about how one diagnosis significantly affects the impairments associated with the other [21-35].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTsai, L. Y. (2014) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jecm.2014.10.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Konst, M. J., Matson, J. L., & Turygin, N. C. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.023 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
RetractedRizzo, R., & Pavone, P. (2016) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1211007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“When problem behaviors are frequent or severe, more time is likely allocated to addressing these behaviors instead of focusing on teaching new skills [26].”
BackgroundFederico, A., Zgodic, A., Flory, K., Hantman, R. M., Eberth, J. M., Mclain, A. C., & Bradshaw, J. (2024) · Disability and Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101512 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Leader, G., Dooley, E., Whelan, S., Gilroy, S. P., Chen, J. L., Barton, A. F., Coyne, R., & Mannion, A. (2021) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/17518423.2021.1964005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“exacerbated many other psychiatric symptoms, such as depressed mood, resistance, and misconduct.(36)”
BackgroundThe neurobiological map of theory of mind and pragmatic communication in autism
Duvall, L., May, K. E., Waltz, A., & Kana, R. K. (2023) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2023.2242095 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The LMTG activates during pragmatic inference, particularly in the comprehension of non-literal meaning implicated by the speaker indirectly (e.g., conversational implicature) (Bašnáková et al., 2014, 2015; Jang et al., 2013).”
Wan, B., Wang, Z., Jung, M., Lu, Y., He, H., Chen, Q., & Yu, J. Z. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2120 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Some estimates suggest that 30%–80% of individuals with ASD have comorbid ADHD [Jang et al., 2013; Rommelse, Franke, Geurts, Hartman, & From the Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (B.W., Z.W., Q.C., Y.J.); Department of…”
BackgroundIndividual differences, ADHD, adult pathological demand avoidance, and delinquency
Egan, V., Bull, E., & Trundle, G. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103733 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Claesdotter‐Knutsson, E., André, F., Fridh, M., Delfin, C., Håkansson, A., & Lindström, M. (2022) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/35207 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“In addition, there was a robust although smaller group difference for all remaining suspected associated factors except for ADHD and ASD, but the estimated differences were not robustly beyond 5%.”
BackgroundInfluentialBrief Report: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials
Tromans, S. J., & Adams, C. E. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3569-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“This increased the ASD population substantially, as there is a high level of ASD and ADHD comorbidity, with estimates ranging from 14 to 78% (Jang et al. 2013).”
Levie, D., Bath, S. C., Guxens, M., Korevaar, T. I. M., Dineva, M., Fano, E., Ibarluzea, J. M., Llop, S., Murcia, M., Rayman, M. P., et al. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa051 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Sensory Gating in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Scoping Review
Schulz, S. E., Luszawski, M., Hannah, K. E., & Stevenson, R. A. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01058-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…Craig et al., 2016; Donaher & Richels, 2012; McClain et al., 2017; Mulligan et al., 2003; Parks et al., 2020; Scheerer et al., 2022; Schulz, 2023; Woods et al., 1996), and are often comorbid diagnoses (Canitano & Vivanti, 2007; Jang et al., 2013; Mol Debes et al., 2008; Surushkina et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPedapati, E. V., Mooney, L. N., Wu, S. W., Erickson, C. A., Sweeney, J. A., Shaffer, R. C., Horn, P. S., Wink, L. K., & Gilbert, D. L. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0614-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“After establishing individual subject AMT and RMT, thirty trials of single or paired pulse stimulation at an interval of 6-7 s with one of three conditions in pseudorandom order: (1) single (test) pulse, (2) paired pulse (condition/test) at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 3 milliseconds, and (3) paired pulse (condi…”
BackgroundMethodTaylor, L. J. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.011 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Geannopoulos, Z. F., Moody, C. T., McGregor, H. A., Baertschi, D., Bates, S., & Laugeson, E. A. (2024) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-023-00380-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Other studies have found similar additive risks and difficulties in populations with both ADHD and autism (Gordon-Lipkin et al., 2018; Jang et al., 2013).”
BackgroundRasmussen, L., Pratt, N. L., Roughead, E. E., & Moffat, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3718-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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“Our results are consistent with previous reports that individuals with both ASD and ADHD have higher rates of other comorbid symptoms than individuals with either ASD or ADHD alone (56), (57) .”
Giovanniello, J. R., Ahrens, S., Yu, K., & Li, B. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.01.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Matthews, Z., Pigden-Bennett, D., Tavassoli, T., & Snuggs, S. J. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241277605 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“More males than females were in the sample, χ 2 (3,347) = 28.18, p < .001, reflecting the prevalence of NDC diagnosis in boys (Baio et al., 2018; Faraone et al., 2015; Jang et al., 2013).”
InfluentialChildren and Adolescents with ASD and Co-occurring Psychiatric Conditions
Reaven, J., & Wainer, A. (2015) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2015.06.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Multi-Purposeful Activities for Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy
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“tracted; thus they cannot sit in one place for a long time [58].”
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“Nevertheless, the current study is meaningful in the sense that it reflects the realworld distribution of ADHD children with and without comorbid ASD [80,81].”
BackgroundEmotional face recognition in autism and in cerebral visual impairments: In search for specificity
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“…developmental dyslexia, and schizophrenia (Bird, Press, & Richardson, 2011; Gori, Cecchini, Bigoni, Molteni, & Facoetti, 2014; Jahshan et al., 2017; Jang et al., 2013), shedding light on the necessity to disentangle what is truly specific to autism from what might be generalized among other…”
Migó, M., Guillory, S. B., McLaughlin, C. S., Isenstein, E. L., Grosman, H. E., Thakkar, K. N., Castellanos, F. X., & Foss‐Feig, J. H. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05130-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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“Individuals with ASD often exhibit comorbidities such as attention de fi - cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), language and behavior disorders, anxiety, depression, and developmental delays [2], [3], [4].”
BackgroundChan, J. K.-Y., Cheung, T. C. K., Chan, C.-W., Fang, F., Lai, K. Y. C., Sun, X., O’Reilly, H., Golan, O., Allison, C. L., Baron‐Cohen, S., et al. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231187176 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“We adapted The Transporters to be delivered via an App on different electronic devices, given now that DVD technology is less common.”
BackgroundMethodTaylor, J. M., Volker, M. A., Rispoli, K. M., Rodgers, J. D., Thomeer, M. L., Lopata, C. J., Chow, S. Y., Toomey, J. A., & Smerbeck, A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3779-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jang, J., Matson, J. L., Williams, L. W., Tureck, K., Goldin, R. L., & Cervantes, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jang, Jina
- Venue
- Research in Developmental Disabilities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2369-2378
- ISSN
- 0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142339000
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 6.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, children, comorbid symptoms, conflicts of interest, diagnostic tools, peer review integrity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Comorbidity
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