The asthma-anxiety connection
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Background The literature reports a significant association between various mental disorders and asthma, in particular depression and/or anxiety, with some more robust data regarding anxiety disorders. However, the nature of this association remains largely unclear. Objectives (1) To test the hypothesis of a specific association of anxiety and depressive disorder (according to the DSM-IV) with asthma and (2) to test the bidirectional hypothesis of causality between asthma and psychiatric disorders. Methods Ninety-six adults were compared with 96 control subjects matched according to main socio-demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, cohabiting/non-cohabiting, and BMI). Subjects with asthma were divided according to GINA and ACT classifications. All subjects underwent Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) diagnosis. Results Significant association between asthma and lifetime anxiety disorders emerged (OR 3.03; p = 0.003); no significant association with other psychiatric diagnosis emerged. Moreover, lifetime and current anxiety were associated with asthma severity levels (p < 0.01 and p = 0.001 based on age). Asthma preceded anxiety in 48% of cases; in 52% of cases, anxiety preceded asthma, without significant group differences. The risk of asthma, particularly of severe, uncontrolled forms (p < 0.01), resulted higher in lifetime anxiety disorder patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001 based on age at onset). Current anxiety increased the risk of asthma, and that of an uncontrolled form (p < 0.05). Asthma increased the risk of lifetime anxiety disorders (p = 0.002 and p = 0.018 using ages). Intermittent asthma increased the risk of lifetime and current anxiety disorders (p < 0.01). Conclusions Anxiety disorders, in particular Lifetime Anxiety Disorders, represent the only psychiatric disorder significantly associated with asthma, with a possible bidirectional, anxiety-asthma relationship, each of which can be caused or result from the other.
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In the presence of asthma, the risk of having an anxiety disorder is suggested to be increased twofold.
“In the presence of asthma, the risk of having an anxiety disorder has been suggested to be increased twofold (Del Giacco, Cappai, Gambula et al., 2016;Lee, Lee, Lai, Chen & Stewart, 2016).”
From Exposure‐based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety related to asthma: A feasibility study with multivariate baseline design. (2020) · cites this paper as Del Giacco, Cappai, Gambula et al., 2016
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ANXIETY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM FUNCTIONAL AND ORGANIC RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
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LONG TERM CONDITIONS AND MENTAL HEALTH: AN AUDIT OF LOCAL DATA
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Misdiagnosis of Asthma in Patients with Anxiety/Depression
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Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Lifestyle Medicine
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Clinical association between asthma and anxiety is unrelated to genetic risk factors
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The effect of damp housing on psychological distress: does respiratory health matter?
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- Authors
- Del Giacco, S. R., Cappai, A., Gambula, L., Cabras, S., Perra, S., Manconi, P. E., Carpiniello, B., & Pinna, F.
- Affiliations
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Venue
- Respiratory Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 120
- Pages
- 44-53
- ISSN
- 0954-6111 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2521785847
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Respiratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- asthma, anxiety disorders, depression, bidirectional causality, psychiatric comorbidity, asthma severity, uncontrolled asthma, intermittent asthma, psychiatric risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Asthma, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Cost of Illness, Young Adult
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