Asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders among young persons in the community
Abstract
Background. The objectives of the study were to examine linkages between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders in a birth cohort of over 1000 young persons studied to the age of 21 years. Specifically, the study aimed to ascertain the extent to which associations between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders could be explained by non-observed fixed confounding factors. Method. Asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders were measured prospectively over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study. Fixed effects logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders, adjusting for potentially confounding factors. Results. Asthma in adolescence and young adulthood was associated with increased likelihood of major depression (OR 1·7, 95% CI 1·3–2·3), panic attacks (OR 1·9, 95% CI 1·3–2·8), and any anxiety disorder (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·2–2·2). Associations between asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders were adjusted for confounding factors using a fixed effects regression model which showed that, after control for fixed confounding factors, asthma was no longer significantly related to major depression (OR 1·1), panic attacks (OR 1·1), or any anxiety disorder (OR 1·2). Additional post hoc analyses suggested that exposure to childhood adversity or unexamined familial factors may account for some of the co-morbidity of asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders. Conclusions. These results confirm and extend previous findings by documenting elevated rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among young adults with asthma, compared with their counterparts without asthma, in the community. The weight of the evidence from this study suggests that associations between asthma and depressive and anxiety symptoms may reflect effects of common factors associated with both asthma and depressive and anxiety disorders, rather than a direct causal link. Future research is needed to identify the specific factors underlying these associations.
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16% of people with asthma in the UK have panic disorder, compared to 1% in the general population.
“16% of people with asthma in the UK have panic disorder,9 compared to 1% in the general population.10”
From A systematic review of psychological, physical health factors, and quality of life in adult asthma (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- GOODWIN, R. D., FERGUSSON, D. M., & HORWOOD, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1465-1474
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2047361394
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-64736, K23MH064736)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- asthma, depression, anxiety disorders, panic attacks, young adults, adolescence, childhood adversity, family factors, comorbidities, fixed effects regression, confounding
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Family Health, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence
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