Effects of methylphenidate on spatial working memory and planning in healthy young adults
Abstract
Previous studies of the effects of the psychomotor stimulant, methylphenidate, have concentrated on vigilance and reaction time tasks. In this study, the effects of methylphenidate on more complex aspects of cognition were studied using tasks from the CANTAB battery and related tests which have been shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Twenty-eight young healthy men participated in a counterbalanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of methylphenidate. Cognitive assessment included tests of spatial working memory, planning, verbal fluency, attentional set-shifting and sustained attention. Methylphenidate had significant effects on performance of the tests of spatial working memory and planning but not on the attentional and fluency tests. When the drug was taken on the first test session, performance on the spatial tests was enhanced by the drug compared to placebo. However, when the drug was taken second, performance accuracy was impaired whereas response latencies were decreased. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that methylphenidate influences performance in two conflicting ways; enhancing executive aspects of spatial function on novel tasks but impairing previously established performance. This pattern of effects is discussed within the framework of dual, interacting arousal mechanisms.
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When administered in appropriate doses, stimulant medications improve PFC function both in healthy human subjects and in animals, including the reduction of locomotor hyperactivity in juvenile rats.
“When administered in appropriate doses, these medications improve PFC function both in healthy human subjects (Elliott et al., 1997) and in animals (Arnsten and Dudley, 2005), including the reduction of locomotor hyperactivity in juvenile rats (Kuczenski and Segal, 2002).”
From Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: Relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Elliott et al., 1997
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- Authors
- Elliott, R., Sahakian, B. J., Matthews, K., Bannerjea, A., Rimmer, J., & Robbins, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1997-05-20
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 196-206
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2073330852
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- methylphenidate, spatial working memory, planning, executive function, psychostimulants, CANTAB, set-shifting, sustained attention, verbal fluency, arousal mechanisms, frontal lobe dysfunction, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Memory, Methylphenidate, Spatial Behavior
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