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Cited by 18Schizophrenia research and treatmentVisual perception and processing mechanismsHallucinations in medical conditions

Altered ‘three-flash’ illusion in response to two light pulses in schizophrenia

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Norton, Dan, Ongur, Dost, Stromeyer, Charles, Chen, Yue·2008·Schizophrenia Research
DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.002PMC PMC2553681
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Abstract

Background Disorganization is a core dysfunction in schizophrenia. Coherent thought and behavior rely on the interactive neural responses to temporally discrete external events. Previous studies have demonstrated that a single visual stimulus (event) is abnormally affected by another (as in backward masking), but the integration (or 'synthesis') of temporally discrete events remains largely unexplored in schizophrenia. We examined the perceived interaction of two elementary visual events in schizophrenia patients, using a psychophysical approach.Methods Two brief, spatially-coincident foveal light pulses (5 ms) were presented with different inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). At ISIs around 100 ms, a substantial proportion of the light pulse pairs was paradoxically perceived as three flashes, a known phenomenon in normal subjects. The subjects reported the number of flashes perceived ('one', 'two' or 'three').Results Schizophrenia patients (n=28) reported fewer 'three flashes' than normal controls (n=26) at the ISIs where 'three flash' reports were greatest in normal subjects (90 to 110 ms). On the other hand, at longer ISIs (130-310 ms) patients reported 'three flashes' in more trials than did normal subjects. The perception of three flashes in patients was correlated with certain aspects of clinical status, including the positive and general subscales of the PANSS.Discussion The alteration of the 'three-flash' illusion in schizophrenia suggests that the synthesis of discrete visual events is temporally 'dilated' or distorted, which might contribute to disorganized thought and behavior.

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  • Norton et al. (2008) reported that the Three-flash illusion peaked at a longer inter-stimulus interval in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls.

    “The authors reported the illusion peaked to a longer inter-stimulus interval when presented to patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls.”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Norton et al., 2008

  • Norton et al. argued that the temporal alteration in the Three-flash illusion may rely on a faulty sensory-integration within the very first stages of the visual stream.

    “They argued that this temporal alteration may rely on a faulty sensory-integration within the very first stages of the visual stream.”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Norton et al., 2008

  • Other authors identified an inverse correlation between visual illusions and either positive or negative symptom dimensions.

    “other authors identified an inverse correlation with either positive (Norton et al., 2008; Keane et al., 2013; Silverstein et al., 2013) or negative (Tadin et al., 2006; Silverstein et al., 2013) symptom dimensions.”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Norton et al., 2008

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [5]Chen Y, et al. Contrast detection in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(10):995. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Authors
Norton, D., Ongur, D., Stromeyer, C., & Chen, Y.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Chen, Yue
ORCID
Venue
Schizophrenia Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-08
Volume
103
Issue
1-3
Pages
275-282
ISSN
0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.002
PMC
PMC2553681
OpenAlex
W2073304134
Cited by
18
References
33
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (61824)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH061824)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Keywords
schizophrenia
MeSH terms
Adult, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Optical Illusions, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Contrast Sensitivity

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