Lack of physical activity during leisure time contributes to an impaired health related quality of life in patients with schizophrenia
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to identify if lack of physical activity participation and an impaired functional exercise capacity compared with healthy controls contributed to an impaired health related quality of life (HRQL). We also evaluated whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) could explain the variability in HRQL in patients.Method Patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (n=60) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n=40) completed the SF-36 quality of life scale and the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire and performed a 6 minute walk test (6MWT). Patients also received a fasting metabolic laboratory screening. Linear multiple regression analysis was used to assess the associations between demographical and clinical variables and HRQL outcomes.Results Physical and mental HRQL and the Baecke and 6MWT-scores were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia compared with matched healthy controls. When in schizophrenia patients all individual HRQL-predictors were included in a regression model, only BMI and lack of PA during leisure time remained significant predictors for physical HRQL while for mental HRQL no significant predictor remained. The impaired functional exercise capacity and the presence of MetS did not additionally explain the variance in HRQL.Conclusions Physical HRQL in patients with schizophrenia is not only related to increased BMI but also to lack of leisure time physical activity. A reduced physical HRQL in patients with MetS appears to be related to their greater BMI, rather than to MetS per se. Present findings provide further support for routinely incorporating physical activity within rehabilitation programs and clinical assessments.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lack of physical and leisure time activity is linked to poorer quality of life in schizophrenia.
“a lack of physical and leisure time activity is linked to poorer quality of life in schizophrenia (Vancampfort et al., 2011).”
From A parallel group randomised open blinded evaluation of A cceptance and Commitment Therapy for d epression a fter p sychosis: Pilot t rial outcomes (ADAPT) (2017) · cites this paper as Vancampfort et al., 2011
Cites
SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide
Ware, J. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,424 · see citing works
ATS Statement: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test
(2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102 · Cited by 11,195 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition
Alberti, K. G. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67402-8 · Cited by 9,352 · see citing works
Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2006) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x · Cited by 6,597 · see citing works
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407 · see citing works
A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies
Baecke, J. A. H., BUREMA, J., & Frijters, J. E. R. (1982) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.5.936 · Cited by 3,950 · see citing works
DONNELLY, J. E., BLAIR, S. N., JAKICIC, J. M., MANORE, M. M., RANKIN, J. W., & SMITH, B. K. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181949333 · Cited by 2,658 · see citing works
Assessment of physical activity by self-report: Status, limitations, and future directions
Sallis, J. F., & Saelens, B. E. (2000) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.11082780 · Cited by 2,351 · see citing works
van Os, J., & Kapur, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60995-8 · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires
Shephard, R. J. (2003) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.3.197 · Cited by 1,694 · see citing works
Mitchell, A. J., Vancampfort, D., Sweers, K., van Winkel, R., Yu, W., & Binder, M. D. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr148 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity and health‐related quality of life
Fontaine, K. R., & Barofsky, I. (2001) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00032.x · Cited by 747 · see citing works
How to assess physical activity? How to assess physical fitness?
Vanhees, L., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R., Martens, M., Huygens, W., Troosters, T., & Beunen, G. (2005) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000161551.73095.9c · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review
DE HERT, M., SCHREURS, V., VANCAMPFORT, D., & VAN WINKEL, R. (2009) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00199.x · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Self-citationWarren, J. M., Ekelund, U., Besson, H., Mezzani, A., Geladas, N., & Vanhees, L. (2010) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e32832ed875 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Psychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis
Eack, S. M., & Newhill, C. E. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl071 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Exercise Therapy for Schizophrenia
Gorczynski, P., & Faulkner, G. (2010) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq049 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Duraiswamy, G., Thirthalli, J., Nagendra, H. R., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01032.x · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Predictors of 6‐minute walk test results in lean, obese and morbidly obese women
Hulens, M., Vansant, G. A. A. M., Claessens, A., Lysens, R., & Muls, E. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.10273.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Validation of a physical activity assessment tool for individuals with schizophrenia
Faulkner, G., Cohn, T. A., & Remington, G. J. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.10.020 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The Impact of Weight Gain on Quality of Life Among Persons With Schizophrenia
Allison, D. B., Mackell, J. A., & McDonnell, D. D. (2003) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.54.4.565 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Sibitz, I., Amering, M., Unger, A., Seyringer, M.-E., Bachmann, A. F., Schrank, B., Benesch, T., Schulze, B., & Woppmann, A. (2010) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.08.010 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The effects of physical exercises to mental state and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia
Acil, A., Doğan, S., & Doğan, O. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2008.01317.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Hofer, A., Kemmler, G., Eder, U., Edlinger, M., Hummer, M., & Fleischhacker, W. W. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Assessment of physical activity in middle-aged and older adults with schizophrenia
Lindamer, L. A., McKibbin, C. L., Norman, G. J., Jordan, L. S., Harrison, K. A., Abeyesinhe, S., & Patrick, K. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.040 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Sweers, K., Maurissen, K., Knapen, J., & Hert, M. A. F. D. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01666.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationQuality of Life in Schizophrenia
Hofer, A., Kemmler, G., Eder, U., Edlinger, M., Hummer, M., & Fleischhacker, W. W. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0709 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Body mass index and quality of life in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia
Strassnig, M., Brar, J. S., & Ganguli, R. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00441-3 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome and Health-Related Quality of Life among U.S. Adults
Ford, E. S., & Li, C. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.009 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Knapen, J., Probst, M., van Winkel, R., Deckx, S., Maurissen, K., Peuskens, J., & Binder, M. D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.03.011 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical fitness and clustering of risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome
WHALEY, M. H., Kampert, J. B., Kohl, H. W., & Blair, S. N. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199902000-00013 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., De Hert, M., Knapen, J., Wampers, M., Demunter, H., Deckx, S., Maurissen, K., & Probst, M. (2011) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.509458 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical Factors Associated With Better Quality of Life in a Seriously Mentally Ill Population
Sullivan, G., Wells, K. B., & LEAKE, B. D. (1992) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.43.8.794 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Impact of Obesity on Health‐related Quality of Life in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Kolotkin, R. L., Corey‐Lisle, P. K., Crosby, R. D., Swanson, J. M., Tuomari, A. V., L'Italien, G. J., & Mitchell, J. E. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.133 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Tunis, S. L., Croghan, T. W., Heilman, D. K., Johnstone, B. M., & Obenchain, R. L. (1999) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199907000-00008 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
van Winkel, R., Binder, M. D., Eyck, D. V., Hanssens, L., Hanssens, L., Wampers, M., Scheen, A. J., & Peuskens, J. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n1002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Correlates of Severity of Smoking Among Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Dixon, L. B., Medoff, D. R., Wohlheiter, K. A., DiClemente, C. C., Goldberg, R. W., Kreyenbuhl, J. A., Adams, C., Lucksted, A. A., & Davin, C. (2007) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490601184415 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Body mass index, waist circumference and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia☆
Faulkner, G., Cohn, T., Remington, G., & Irving, H. M. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.10.009 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Physical and mental health-related quality of life among older people with schizophrenia
Folsom, D. P., Depp, C. A., Palmer, B. W., Mausbach, B. T., Golshan, S., Fellows, I. E., Cárdenas, V., Patterson, T. L., KRAEMER, H. C., & Jeste, D. V. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.008 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Vetter, M., Wadden, T. A., Lavenberg, J. A., Moore, R. H., Volger, S., Perez, J. L., Sarwer, D. B., & Tsai, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.230 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kurtz, M. M., & Tolman, A. W. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.12.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Body weight and self-esteem in patients with schizophrenia evaluated with B-WISE®
Binder, M. D., Peuskens, B., van Winkel, R., Kalnická, D., Hanssens, L., Eyck, D. V., Wyckaert, S., & Peuskens, J. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.025 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Side‐effects of antipsychotic medication and health‐related quality of life in schizophrenia
Bebbington, P., Angermeyer, M. C., Azorin, J., Marwaha, S., Marteau, F., & Toumi, M. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01310.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Sweers, K., Probst, M., Maurissen, K., Knapen, J., Minguet, P., & Hert, M. A. F. D. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.12.007 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationVancampfort, D., Probst, M., Sweers, K., Maurissen, K., Knapen, J., & Binder, M. D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.027 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationGardner, A. W., & Montgomery, P. S. (2008) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.048 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic effects of physical activity interventions for people with schizophrenia
Vancampfort, D., Knapen, J., Binder, M. D., van Winkel, R., Deckx, S., Maurissen, K., Peuskens, J., Simons, J., & Probst, M. (2009) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1179/108331909x12540993898053 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth‐related quality of life in physically active and sedentary obese women
Hulens, M., Vansant, G. A. A. M., Claessens, A., Lysens, R., Muls, E., & Rzewnicki, R. (2002) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.10095 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Gardner, A. W., Montgomery, P. S., & Parker, D. E. (2006) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.02.042 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Soundy, A., Taylor, A. H., Faulkner, G., & Rowlands, A. (2007) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2007.03.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Heart rate indicators for assessing physical activity level in the field
Murayama, N., & Ohtsuka, R. (1999) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(199909/10)11:5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired health-related quality of life: Lapinlahti 2005 study
Miettola, J., NISKANEN, L. K., Viinamäki, H. T., Sintonen, H., & Kumpusalo, E. A. (2008) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-008-9386-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Oral glucose tolerance tests in treated patients with schizophrenia.
Binder, M. D., Eyck, D. V., Hanssens, L., Peuskens, H., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Scheen, A. J., & Peuskens, J. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.05.011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Experimental Design in Psychiatry: Research Methods for Clinical Practice
(1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.9.1135-b · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chen, S., Wu, Y., & Wang, S. (2001) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/000331970105200404 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dauwan, M., Begemann, M. J. H., Heringa, S. M., & Sommer, I. E. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv164 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Cognitive Vitality
Prakash, R. S., Voss, M. W., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015249 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Stubbs, B., Firth, J., Berry, A., Schuch, F. B., Rosenbaum, S., Gaughran, F., Veronesse, N., Williams, J., Craig, T., Yung, A. R., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.017 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic review of correlates of physical activity in patients with schizophrenia
Vancampfort, D., Knapen, J., Probst, M., Scheewe, T., Remans, S., & De Hert, M. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01814.x · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationHow sedentary are people with psychosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Stubbs, B., Williams, J., Gaughran, F., & Craig, T. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.034 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Correll, C. U., Solmi, M., Siskind, D., De Hert, M., Carney, R., Koyanagi, A., Carvalho, A. F., Gaughran, F., et al. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20614 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationGumley, A., White, R., Briggs, A., Ford, I., Barry, S., Stewart, C., Beedie, S., McTaggart, J., Clarke, C., MacLeod, R., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.026 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Scheewe, T., Maurissen, K., Sweers, K., Knapen, J., & De Hert, M.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Vancampfort, Davy
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 122-127
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037198955
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, health-related quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Female, Health Status, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Health Behavior, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
