Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia. Patients are at risk for premature mortality and overall have limited access to physical health care. In part these cardio-metabolic risk factors are attributable to unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet and sedentary behaviour. But over recent years it has become apparent that antipsychotic agents can have a negative impact on some of the modifiable risk factors. The psychiatrist needs to be aware of the potential metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication and to include them in the risk/benefit assessment when choosing a specific antipsychotic. He should also be responsible for the implementation of the necessary screening assessments and referral for treatment of any physical illness. Multidisciplinary assessment of psychiatric and medical conditions is needed. The somatic treatments offered to people with severe and enduring mental illness should be at par with general health care in the non-psychiatrically ill population.
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The prevalence of obesity and other modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors is higher in individuals with schizophrenia, with relative risks between 1.5 and 5 compared to the general population.
“The prevalence of obesity and other modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g.smoking, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome) are higher in individuals with schizophrenia; with relative risks for each factor ranging between 1.5 and 5 compared to the general population [19].”
From A systematic review of licensed weight-loss medications in treating antipsychotic-induced weight gain and obesity in schizophrenia and psychosis. (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
The opening discussion (page unavailable) says people with severe mental illness are more likely to be overweight, smoke, and have diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The review reports 2–3-fold higher metabolic-syndrome rates and 4–5-fold higher diabetes prevalence in schizophrenia, but it does not establish a relative risk of 1.5–5 for each listed factor. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- DE HERT, M., SCHREURS, V., VANCAMPFORT, D., & VAN WINKEL, R.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- ORCID
- VANCAMPFORT, DAVY
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-22
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC2656262
- OpenAlex
- W1565350250
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 28.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, cardiovascular risk factors, antipsychotic adverse effects, metabolic side effects, lifestyle risk factors, physical health screening, premature mortality, severe and persistent mental illness, multidisciplinary care
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