Cited by 100Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactWater Treatment and Disinfection

Evaluation of the current contamination status of PFASs and OPFRs in South Korean tap water associated with its origin

Park, Heejeong, Choo, Gyojin, Kim, Hyerin, Oh, Jeong-Eun·2018·Science of The Total Environment

Abstract

We investigated the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in 44 tap water samples, collected from eight major cities in South Korea served by four representative watersheds, to evaluate the water contamination status. The total concentrations of PFASs and OPFRs ranged from 1.44 to 224ng/L (median=11.9ng/L), and 74.0 to 342ng/L (median=151ng/L), respectively. The predominant compounds in tap water were perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP). Tap water originating from the Nakdong River within an industrial complex showed a notably higher PFHxS proportion to total PFASs. In addition, significantly higher PFAS levels were found in river-originating tap water than in lake/reservoir-originating tap water (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05). Meanwhile, major OPFRs showed no clear difference in distribution by region, and no significant difference in major OPFR levels was observed according to tap water origin. Finally, the average human exposure via tap water consumption was estimated for PFASs (46.8ng/person/day) and OPFRs (254ng/person/day).

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.068

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  • Tap water samples (n=14) analysed for 14 PFAS in South Korea in 2017 had concentrations from ND to 189.6 ng/L.

    “Tap water samples (n ¼ 14) were analysed for 14 PFAS, including four PFSAs (C4eC10) and 10 PFCAs (C5eC14), in South Korea in 2017, and concentrations from ND to 189.6 ng/L were reported [53].”

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Authors
Park, H., Choo, G., Kim, H., & Oh, J.-E.
Affiliations
Pusan National University (KR)
Corresponding author
Oh, Jeong-Eun
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-09
Volume
634
Pages
1505-1512
ISSN
0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2799968221
Cited by
100
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14
FWCI
4.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Pusan National University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
Keywords
perfluorinated compounds, organophosphate flame retardants, tap water contamination, PFHxS, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFPeA, perfluorohexanoic acid, TCEP, industrial complex, Nakdong River, South Korea

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