PFOS and PFOA in environmental and tap water in China
Abstract
There is a great concern about global contamination with persistent fluoroorganic compounds including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), however, few data are available on the environmental levels of these chemicals in China. In the present study, therefore, environmental or tap water samples collected from various regions of China were assayed for PFOS and PFOA by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Median concentrations (maximum concentration) of PFOS and PFOA in environmental water were 0.4 (2.4) and 0.1 (1.3) ngL(-1) for the remote area (n=13), 4.0 (14.1) and 3.9 (30.8) ngL(-1) for the urban area (n=22), respectively. Systematic survey was also conducted in the Hun River (n=11) and the Yangtze River (n=34). In the Hun River, the median of PFOS concentration was 4.9ngL(-1), while PFOA was below the limit of quantitation (0.1ngL(-1)) at many of the sampling sites. The Yangtze River was moderately contaminated with both chemicals: median concentration was 4.2ngL(-1) for PFOS and 5.4ngL(-1) for PFOA. Remarkably high concentration of PFOA was found at 2 sampling sites of the Yangtze River (110.6 and 297.5ngL(-1)), but the concentration had declined to the average level at the next sampling site in both cases. Many cities provided tap water with low levels of PFOS and PFOA, however, tap water in Guangzhou and Shenzhen exceeded 10ngL(-1) for both chemicals. This study revealed obvious presence of perfluorinated compounds spread out the entire territory of China, and the levels in urban area of China were almost comparable to those in the US, Europe and Japan.
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The only samples in which PFOA and PFOS were not detected were collected from a buried river within a limestone cave in Liaoning province, known as Benxi Shuidong.
“The only samples in which PFOA and PFOS were not detected were collected from a buried river within a limestone cave in Liaoning province, known as Benxi Shuidong (Jin et al., 2009).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Jin et al., 2009
Jin et al. (2009) analyzed 13 surface water samples from remote areas of China, including Tianchi Lake, Benxi Shuidong, Xiaoqing Lake, Baotuquan, Dixiahualang, Jinbian Brook, Baofeng Lake, Huanglong Dong, Yuepu Lake, Kalakule Lake, and Tianshan Tianchi Lake.
“Jin et al. (2009) analyzed 13 surface water samples from remote areas of China, including Tianchi Lake, Benxi Shuidong, Xiaoqing Lake, Baotuquan, Dixiahualang, Jinbian Brook, Baofeng Lake, Huanglong Dong, Yuepu Lake, Kalakule Lake, and Tianshan Tianchi Lake.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Jin et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Jin, Y. H., Liu, W., Sato, I., Nakayama, S. F., Sasaki, K., Saito, N., & Tsuda, S.
- Affiliations
- Dalian University of Technology (CN)
- Iwate University (JP)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (US)
- Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Jin, Yi He
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 605-611
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080411357
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 13.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorinated compounds, tap water contamination, environmental water contamination, Yangtze River, Hun River, China
- MeSH terms
- Caprylates, China, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Supply, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Rivers
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