PFASs pollution in Galveston Bay surface waters and biota (shellfish and fish) following AFFFs use during the ITC fire at Deer Park (March 17th–20th 2019), Houston, TX
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The use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) as fire retardants is an critical point-source for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pollution into the aquatic environment. This study investigated PFASs pollution in the surface waters and biota (shellfish and fish) of Galveston Bay, following AFFFs use to extinguish a petrochemical fire (March 17th to 20th, 2019) of oil storage tanks at the International Terminals Company (ITC) in Deer Park (Houston, TX). The levels of up to twelve EPA priority PFASs were measured in surface waters and biota from March-November 2019. PFASs levels in surface waters showed mean total levels in March and April 2019 to be from 4× to ~300× higher than those measured in the following months. PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) was the most abundant homolog measured at ≥66% of total PFASs. Maximal PFOS levels exceeded the State of Texas' water regulatory limit of 0.6 μg L-1 in 3% of the samples analyzed in March and April 2019. PFOS was also the most prominent homolog (≥66% of total PFASs) measured in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). A statistically significant elevation of PFOS body-burdens was measured in oysters and spotted seatrout in April and May 2019, respectively. A Hazard Ratio calculation for seafood safety suggests an advisory of 1-2 meals per week for gafftopsail catfish and red drum, and 2 meals per week for spotted seatrout to be protective for human exposure to PFOS. The levels in oysters indicated no immediate concerns for the dietary exposure of humans. Our results highlight a need for continual monitoring to assess the long-term fate and seafood advisories for PFASs.
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Previous studies on PFAS in the Texas Gulf Coast have documented PFAS occurrence in surface water and biota, but sediment occurrence remains understudied and comprehensive watershed-scale monitoring is limited.
“Previous studies on PFAS in the Texas Gulf Coast have documented PFAS occurrence in surface water and biota, but occurrence in sediments remains understudied, and comprehensive watershed-scale monitoring is still limited.”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water and Fluvial Sediments of a Rural Gulf Coast Watershed: A Year-long Spatiotemporal Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
In the Lavaca Bay system and the Matagorda Bay complex, commercially and recreationally important species such as oysters, red drum, sheepshead, southern flounder, and speckled trout may serve as vectors for human PFAS exposure.
“In the Lavaca Bay system and the Matagorda Bay complex, commercially and recreationally important species such as oysters, red drum, sheepshead, southern flounder, and speckled trout may serve as vectors for human PFAS exposure.26,59”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water and Fluvial Sediments of a Rural Gulf Coast Watershed: A Year-long Spatiotemporal Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Nolen, R. M., Faulkner, P., Ross, A. D., Kaiser, K., Quigg, A., & Hala, D.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hala, David
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 805
- Pages
- 150361
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3199554491
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 627 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Texas General Land Office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- PFASs, aqueous film-forming foam, flame retardants, Galveston Bay, PFOS, surface water contamination, oysters, Crassostrea virginica, red drum, gafftopsail catfish, spotted seatrout, seafood safety, dietary exposure, hazard ratio, bioaccumulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Deer, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Shellfish, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Seafood, Biota, Bays
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