Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review

Kajeepeta, Sandhya; Gelaye, Bizu; Jackson, Chandra L.; Williams, Michelle A.

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.013

Cited by 385Sleep and related disordersChild Abuse and TraumaObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review

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Kajeepeta, Sandhya, Gelaye, Bizu, Jackson, Chandra L., Williams, Michelle A.·2015·Sleep Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.013PMC PMC4635027

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Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent substantial threats to public health and affect about 58% of youth in the US. In addition to their acute effects such as injury and physical trauma, ACEs are associated with an increased risk of several negative health outcomes throughout the life course. Emerging evidence suggests that sleep disorders may be one such outcome, but existing studies have not been systematically reviewed and summarized. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence concerning the relationship between ACEs and sleep disorders and disturbances, with a focus on adult women. Original publications were identified through searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science using the keywords "childhood," "adversity," "abuse," and "sleep" as well as searches of the reference lists of eligible studies. Studies evaluating ACEs that occurred before 18 years of age and sleep outcomes that were assessed at 18 years or older were adjudicated and included. A total of 30 publications were identified. Of the 30 studies, 28 were retrospective analyses and there was vast heterogeneity in the types of ACEs and sleep outcomes measured. The majority of retrospective studies (N = 25 of 28) documented statistically significant associations between sleep disorders including sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nightmare distress, sleep paralysis, and psychiatric sleep disorders with a history of childhood adversity. In many studies, the strengths of associations increased with the number and severity of adverse experiences. These associations were corroborated by the two prospective studies published to date. Notably, investigators have documented statistically significant associations between family conflict at 7-15 years of age and insomnia at 18 years of age (odds ratio, OR = 1.4; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.2-1.7) and between childhood sexual abuse and sleep disturbances 10 years later in adult women (β = 0.24, p <0.05). There is a growing scientific body of knowledge suggesting an association between ACEs and multiple sleep disorders in adulthood. The available evidence indicates the need to develop treatment strategies such as trauma-informed care for survivors of abuse who suffer from sleep disorders and disturbances. Further, longitudinal studies among diverse populations are needed to improve the overall understanding of this association and to investigate potential gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the strength of the association.

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Sleep disorders are among the illnesses linked to early adversity.
“Sleep disorders are among the many illnesses linked to early adversity [reviews in Ref. (47, 48)].”
From The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares (2017) · cites this paper as [48]

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Measuring Adverse Child Experiences Among Young Adolescents Globally: Relationships With Depressive Symptoms and Violence Perpetration
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The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Poor Sleep Health in Adulthood
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The Role of Attachment Trauma and Disintegrative Pathogenic Processes in the Traumatic-Dissociative Dimension
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ACEs and mental health outcomes
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Health and Potential Interventions Among Women in the United States
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Childhood maltreatment and sleep in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares
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The Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General's Report on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Toxic Stress, and Health
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Do sleep problems mediate the link between adverse childhood experiences and delinquency in preadolescent children in foster care?
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Sleep, circadian system and traumatic stress
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The association of adverse childhood experiences and its subtypes with adulthood sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
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Determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in disordered sleep and obesity
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An epidemiologic study of childhood sexual abuse and adult sleep disturbances.
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From childhood adversity to latent stress vulnerability in adulthood: the mediating roles of sleep disturbances and HPA axis dysfunction
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Child maltreatment and sleep problems among adolescents in Ontario: A cross sectional study
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Traumatic childhood experiences and multiple dimensions of poor sleep among adult women
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Reported history of childhood trauma and stress‐related vulnerability: Associations with emotion regulation, executive functioning, daily hassles and pre‐sleep arousal
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Psychometric properties and normative data of the childhood trauma questionnaire-short form in Chinese adolescents
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Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Adolescent Total Sleep Time, Social Jetlag, and Insomnia Symptoms
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The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Problems among Adolescent Students: Mediation by Depression or Anxiety
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Links of Adversity in Childhood With Mental and Physical Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms
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Sleep disturbance mediates the link between childhood trauma and clinical outcome in severe mental disorders
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
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Childhood abuse is associated with stress-related sleep disturbance and poor sleep quality in pregnancy
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Childhood Trauma and Sleep Among Young Adults With a History of Depression: A Daily Diary Study
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Early childhood adversity associations with nightmare severity and sleep spindles
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Paternal adverse childhood experiences: Associations with infant DNA methylation
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Sleep in Adults
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Audiological and Other Factors Predicting the Presence of Misophonia Symptoms Among a Clinical Population Seeking Help for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis
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Adverse childhood experiences and handgrip strength among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study in China
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The association between adverse childhood experiences and young adult outcomes: A scoping study
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Childhood socioeconomic status and risk in early family environments: predictors of global sleep quality in college students
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Changes in sleep quality and levels of psychological distress during the adaptation to university: The role of childhood adversity
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Associations of positive and adverse childhood experiences and adulthood insomnia in a community sample of Chinese adults
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Insufficient Sleep Among U.S. Children and Adolescents
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Early Life Trauma Has Lifelong Consequences for Sleep And Behavior
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Health disparities in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing
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Ethnoracial sleep disparities among college students living in dormitories in the United States: a nationally representative study
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Sleep quality and perceived health in college undergraduates with adverse childhood experiences
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Sporting Activities for Individuals Who Experienced Trauma During Their Youth: A Meta-Study
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Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal and Infant Sleep Problems in a Low-Income US Sample
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Childhood Adversity and Sleep Disturbances: Longitudinal Results in Puerto Rican Children
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Systematic review on the association between sleep-related hyperarousal and child maltreatment
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ACEs: Evidence, Gaps, Evaluation and Future Priorities
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Later Chronotype Is Associated with Higher Alcohol Consumption and More Adverse Childhood Experiences in Young Healthy Women
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Blood Pressure in Women in the United States: A Systematic Review
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Effect of adverse childhood experiences on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function and antidepressant efficacy in untreated first episode patients with major depressive disorder
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The Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Insomnia Symptoms from Adolescence to Adulthood: Evidence from the Add Health Study
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Association of sleep with emotional and behavioral problems among abused children and adolescents admitted to residential care facilities in Japan
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Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Licensed Social Workers
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Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Diet, Exercise, and Sleep in Pre-adolescents
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Sleep Deficiency and Opioid Use Disorder
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Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Sleep Disturbances: The Role of Perceived Stress as a Mediator
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The need to study the role of sleep in climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resiliency strategies across the life course
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Relationship Between Traumatic Childhood Experiences and Suboptimal Sleep Dimensions Among Adult Women: Findings from the Sister Study
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Adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury among adolescents: findings from the 2016–2018 National Survey of Children’s Health
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Authors: Kajeepeta, S., Gelaye, B., Jackson, C. L., & Williams, M. A.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Kajeepeta, Sandhya
ORCID: Kajeepeta, Sandhya
Gelaye, Bizu
Jackson, Chandra L.
Williams, Michelle A.
Venue: Sleep Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 320-330
ISSN: 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.013
PMC: PMC4635027
OpenAlex: W2150936363
Cited by: 385
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 2.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NICHD (R01-HD-059835)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (8UL1TR000170-07)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords: adverse childhood experiences, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nightmare distress, sleep paralysis, child sexual abuse, family conflict, adult women, trauma-informed care, childhood adversity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Sex Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Family Conflict

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review

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