CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 332Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

Sleep Disturbances in a Young Adult Population: Can Gender Differences Be Explained by Differences in Psychological Status?

Lindberg, Eva, Janson, Christer, Gislason, Thorarinn, Björnsson, Eythor, Hetta, Jerker, Boman, Gunnar·1997·Sleep
DOI 10.1093/sleep/20.6.381
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To study the prevalence of reported sleep disturbances and the association between these complaints and psychological status, 529 randomly selected subjects aged 20-45 years were questioned about their sleep symptoms and psychological status by means of questionnaires. In this young population, feeling refreshed in the morning almost every day was reported by only 15.3%. Females reported a significantly longer mean total sleep time (TST) than males (F: 425 +/- 58 minutes, M: 403 +/- 50 minutes; p or = 3/week) (F: 20.1%, M: 10.4%; p < 0.01), the absence of feeling refreshed in the morning (F: 36.2%, M: 26.8%; p < 0.05), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (F: 23.3%, M: 15.9%; p < 0.05) were significantly more common among females. According to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, females suffered from anxiety more frequently than males (F: 32.8%, M: 18.9%; p < 0.001). An association was found between anxiety and many sleep disturbances. After making adjustments for age, smoking, snoring, gender and psychological status by means of multiple regression, the gender differences mentioned above remained significant. We conclude that despite a longer TST, females report insufficient sleep, EDS, DMS, and the absence of feeling refreshed in the morning more frequently than males. The higher prevalence of anxiety among females alone cannot explain the gender differences in sleep disturbances seen in this population.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/sleep/20.6.381

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • While women normally have longer and better sleep, they also report a higher incidence of sleep disorders.

    “Interestingly, while women normally have longer and better sleep, they also report a higher incidence of sleep disorders.99–102”

    From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [102]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lindberg, E., Janson, C., Gislason, T., Björnsson, E., Hetta, J., & Boman, G.
Affiliations
Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author
Lindberg, Eva
ORCID
Venue
Sleep
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1997-06
Volume
20
Issue
6
Pages
381-387
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
DOI
10.1093/sleep/20.6.381
OpenAlex
W1580403824
Cited by
332
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI
8.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Landstinget i Uppsala län
  • Bror Hjerpstedts stiftelse
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords
sleep disorders, gender differences, young adults, anxiety, excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty maintaining sleep, insufficient sleep, total sleep time, sleep need, psychological state
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Sweden, Prevalence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review