The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Results
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
Citations
Cites
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Gray, J. A. M., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 · Cited by 15,769
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,001–2,100 of 4,366
Hu, L., Dai, X., Fang, X., Su, K., Wang, C., Yang, C., Zhang, R., He, J., Li, M., Ye, X., et al. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112211 · Cited by 7
Salmond, S. W., Weaver, S. H., Marcus-Aiyeku, U., & Markiewicz, D. (2025) · Orthopaedic Nursing · doi:10.1097/nor.0000000000001087 · Cited by 7
The Sleep, Recovery, and Nutrition Characteristics of Elite Adolescent Athletes
Mason, L., Connolly, J., Devenney, L. E., Lacey, K., O’Donovan, J., Faulkner, M., & Doherty, R. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13020050 · Cited by 11
“RD: 10.52 ± 1.30), which are in line with current recommendations [88].”
InfluentialHoepel, S. J. W., Oryshkewych, N., Barnes, L. L., Butters, M. A., Buysse, D. J., Ensrud, K. E., Lim, A. S. P., Redline, S. S., Stone, K. L., Yaffe, K. S., et al. (2025) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.01.012 · Cited by 8
Sex and Sleep Quality Effects on the Relationship Between Sleep Disruption and Pain Sensitivity
Joensen, E. D. R., Frederiksen, L., Frederiksen, S. V., Valeur, E. S., Giordano, R., Hertel, E., & Petersen, K. K. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70023 · Cited by 9
“…consists of young adults, as this group seems to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of poor sleep, partly due to an increased need for sleep compared to older adults (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015) but also interference with developmental processes (Benitez and Gunstad 2012; Kopasz et al. 2010).”
Palazuelos‐González, R., Voshaar, R. C. O., Liefbroer, A. C., & Smidt, N. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119413 · Cited by 7
Zhuang, X., Zhan, Y., Feng, X., & Liu, C. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119652 · Cited by 7
Hsu, C., Wang, S., Yu, S., Lin, E. S., & Wei, J. C.-C. (2025) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100221 · Cited by 8
“Sleep hours were divided into three groups: < 7 hours, 7-9 hours, and > 9 hours, based on National Sleep Foundation recommendations [ 57 ].”
Examining the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Decision-Making: A Scoping Review
Agyapong-Opoku, F., Agyapong-Opoku, N., & Agyapong, B. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15060823 · Cited by 8
“Despite the adverse effects of insufficient sleep, research from many studies has demonstrated that at least one-third of adults globally likely do not sleep the recommended minimum of seven hours a night (Ford et al., 2015; Hafner et al., 2017; Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Watson et al., 2015).”
Xu, G., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., & Li, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1669344 · Cited by 10
Comajuan, M., Guyon, A., Raverot, V., Babinet, M.-N., Lioret, J., Brunel, L., Claustrat, B., Demily, C., & Franco, P. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12111471 · Cited by 7
“According to the National Sleep Foundation [30], normal values for sleep duration range between 10 and 13 h per day for children aged 3 to 5 years old and between 9 and 11 h per day for those aged 6 to 13 years old.”
Kose, C., Wood, I., Gwyther, A. R. M., Basnet, S., Gaskell, C., Gringras, P., Elphick, H., Evans, H. J., & Hill, C. M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11101326 · Cited by 7
“5 h compared to expected sleep durations at this age of greater than 9 h [32].”
BackgroundWoodford, E. C., McLay, L., Blampied, N. M., France, K. G., Gibbs, R. M., Whitaker, C., & McCaughan, E. (2022) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-022-09872-7 · Cited by 7
“(1985) and National Sleep Foundation Guidelines (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
MethodInfluentialO’Neill, R. M., Cundiff, J. M., Wendel, C. J., Schmidt, A., & Cribbet, M. R. (2022) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2022.2131707 · Cited by 7
“44 In addition to a continuous sleep duration score (minutes), participants’ MCTQ responses were also treated as a categorical variable designating reported sleep duration as “short” (< 7 hours), “recommended” (≥ 7 hours and ≤ 9 hours), or “long” (< 9 hours).”
MethodSecular trends of sleep-wake patterns in Hong Kong preschoolers
Lan, Q.-Y., Chan, K. C. C., Au, C. T., Chan, P. H. Y., Chan, N. Y., Wing, Y. K., Li, A. M., & Lam, H. S. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.018 · Cited by 7
Tsai, S., Tung, Y., Huang, C., & Lee, C. (2023) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22308 · Cited by 8
Takaoka, S., Wakaizumi, K., Tanaka, C., Tanaka, S., Kawate, M., Hoshino, R., Matsudaira, K., Fujisawa, D., Morisaki, H., & Kosugi, S. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12082896 · Cited by 7
“We defined short sleep as less than 6 h of sleep per day, because 7–9 h of sleep is considered adequate for a healthy adult [29].”
BackgroundElfaki, F. A. E., Mukhayer, A. I. G., Moukhyer, M. E., Chandika, R. M., & Kremers, S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095696 · Cited by 8
“The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) classification of sleep duration cut-offs based on age [50] was used.”
BackgroundMethodChachos, E., Shen, L., Yap, Y., Maskevich, S., Stone, J., Wiley, J. F., & Bei, B. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.008 · Cited by 7
Optimal cutoffs of sleep timing and sleep duration for cardiovascular risk factors
Kim, Y., An, H.-J., & Seo, Y. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110894 · Cited by 8
Zhou, Q., Ding, Y., Chen, X., Wang, S., Lin, H., & He, N. (2023) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad566 · Cited by 7
“Sleep duration was divided into 5 groups: (short) 6 hours, 6–7 hours, 7–8 hours, 8–9 hours, and (long) ≥ 9 hours per night, with 7–8 hours per night as the reference category, according to recommendations from the National Sleep Foundation [19] and previous studies [20].”
MethodGupta, C. C., Duncan, M. J., Ferguson, S. A., Rebar, A. L., Vandelanotte, C., Sprajcer, M. A., Khalesi, S., Booker, L. A., Rampling, C. M., Rigney, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-023-00035-3 · Cited by 7
“Response options were < 1 h, 1–2 h, 2–3 h, 3–4 h, 5–6 h, 6–7 h, 7–8 h, 8–9 h, 9–10 h, 10–11 h, 11–12 h, or > 12 h. Participants were categorised based on the National Sleep Foundation sleep recommendations for adults [54], which is 7–9 h of sleep per night.”
MethodRelationship between stress and coronary artery disease: A comprehensive review
Elendu, C., Amaechi, D. C., Elendu, T. C., Jingwa, K. A., Okoye, O. K., Fiemotonghan, B.-E., Chirinos, G. A., Agada, D., Okah, M. J., Adebayo, O. D., et al. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037066 · Cited by 7
“…loci associated with CAD susceptibility under stress conditions The sample size may need to be more significant to generalize findings Study [13] Environmental Demonstrated a clear link between access to green environments and reduced stress-related CAD risk Potential self-selection bias in…”
BackgroundYavuz, E., Gahnstrom, C. J., Goodroe, S. C., Coutrot, A., Hornberger, M., Lázár, A. S., & Spiers, H. J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52662-8 · Cited by 6
Liu, J., Ito, S., Ngo, T. M., Lawate, A., Ong, Q. C., Fox, T. E., Chang, S. Y., Phung, D., Nair, E., Palaiyan, M., et al. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241241244 · Cited by 8
Pérez-Piñero, S., Muñoz-Carrillo, J. C., Echepare-Taberna, J., Muñoz-Cámara, M., Herrera-Fernández, C., Ávila-Gandía, V., Ladreda, M. H. F., Martínez, J. M., & López-Román, F. J. (2024) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep6030028 · Cited by 8
“The National Sleep Foundation provided sleep duration recommendations and considered appropriate 7 to 9 h of sleep for young adults and adults, and 7 to 8 h for older adults [1].”
MethodFabries, P. A., Pontiggia, A., Comte, U., Beauchamps, V., Quiquempoix, M., Guillard, M., Ayounts, H., Beers, P. V., Drogou, C., Touron, J., et al. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114666 · Cited by 8
Re-Evaluating Recommended Optimal Sleep Duration: A Perspective on Sleep Literacy
Kohyama, J. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11091098 · Cited by 8
Ng, A. S. C., Tai, E. S., & Chee, M. W. L. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae224 · Cited by 8
Sleep Fragmentation Modulates the Neurophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Fatigue
Benkirane, O., Simor, P., Maîresse, O., & Peigneux, P. (2024) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep6040041 · Cited by 12
“While there is considerable variation in individual sleep requirements [6], it is generally recommended that adults get an average of 7 h of sleep per night to avoid negative health consequences [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialMeng, X., Li, D., Wang, Y., & Han, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78579-w · Cited by 7
Restless nights, cold hearts: Poor sleep causally blunts empathy
Gordon‐Hecker, T., Choshen‐Hillel, S., Simon, E. B., Walker, M. P., Perry, A., & Gileles‐Hillel, A. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100548 · Cited by 9
“These sleep metrics were in line with data from other studies on the general population (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Mollayeva et al., 2016).”
The influence of training load and schedule on youth athletes' sleep
Tate, T., Roberts, S., Main, L. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70013 · Cited by 8
“A concerning finding of this study is the limited sleep that youth athletes were getting, which was considerably less than the recommend 8 – 10 hr of sleep that is required for optimal functioning and good health in this age group (Beebe, 2011; Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
The relationship between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and depression: Evidence from NHANES
Tian, Q., Guo, J., Ding, J., & Zhu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.086 · Cited by 9
Characteristics of sleep in socially vulnerable adolescents
Romanzini, L. P., dos Santos, A. Á., & Nunes, M. L. (2017) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.12.013 · Cited by 9
Effective Visualization of Long Term Health Data to Support Behavior Change
Christmann, C. A., Zolynski, G., Hoffmann, A., & Bleser, G. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58466-9_22 · Cited by 7
Allen, S. F., Akram, U., & Ellis, J. G. (2019) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdz016 · Cited by 7
Sleep in Social Cognition and Judgment
Satterfield, B. C., Raikes, A. C., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30628-1_4 · Cited by 8
Factores asociados a somnolencia diurna en conductores de transporte público de Lima Metropolitana
Prado, K. P., de Castro, J. R., & Talaverano-Ojeda, A. (2019) · Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública · doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2019.364.4305 · Cited by 7
“horas de sueño en los conductores, independientemente del sistema de rotación al cual puedan estar sujetos en su jornada laboral, lo recomendable para cualquier persona es que el periodo de sueño sea entre siete y ocho horas diarias (21), para poder realizar las actividades de manera eficiente, aplicándose esto tambié…”
BackgroundJara-Diaz, S. R., & Rosales-Salas, J. (2020) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2020.03.025 · Cited by 8
Sleeping Habits of Primary School Children and Affecting Factors
İnci, F. H., Koştu, N., Çınar, İ. Ö., et al. (2020) · Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine · doi:10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2020.19483 · Cited by 7
Espinosa-Cuevas, Á., González-Ortíz, A., López-Bautista, F., & Valencia‐Flores, M. (2020) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.03108 · Cited by 7
Darabos, K., Barakat, L. P., Schapira, M. M., Hill‐Kayser, C. E., & Schwartz, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2020.0130 · Cited by 6
Shui, A. M., Lampinen, L. A., Zheng, S., & Katz, T. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101698 · Cited by 9
Shin, M.-A. (2020) · Korean Journal of Human Ecology · doi:10.5934/kjhe.2020.29.6.847 · Cited by 7
Abdullah, R. Y., Galary, K. M., & Majid, R. A. (2020) · Polytechnic Journal · doi:10.25156/ptj.v10n2y2020.pp60-65 · Cited by 8
Kim, S., Kim, J., & Chang, H. (2021) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2021.15.3.396 · Cited by 7
“NSF suggest 7–8 h for appropriate sleep hours in adolescents and 8–10 h for the recommended sleep hours [17].”
BackgroundKeum, Y., Qi, M.-Y., & Seo, J.-S. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/jnh.2021.54.1.23 · Cited by 5
“수면시간은 2015년 미국수면재단 (National Sleep Foundation)에서 성인을 대상으로 제안한 기준을 참고하여 분류하였다 [19].”
Luiselli, J. K., Harper, J. M., Murphy, K. J., Leach, M., & Luke, K. (2021) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2021.1894712 · Cited by 7
“It appeared in the present case that Don’s bedtime in the group home was too early and could be scheduled at a later time that was developmentally appropriate and ensured he would sleep the recommended number of hours each day (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Paruthi et al., 2016).”
BackgroundClark, E., Gulley, L. D., Prince, M. A., Casamassima, M., Sánchez, N., Jimenez, V., Johnson, S. A., Miller, R. L., Conte, I., Kaar, J. L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-021-00225-x · Cited by 7
Full, K. M., Berger, A. T., Erickson, D., Berry, K. M., Laska, M. N., Lenk, K. M., Iber, C., Redline, S., & Widome, R. (2021) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab169 · Cited by 7
The theory of planned behaviour and sleep opportunity: An ecological momentary assessment
Mead, M. P., & Irish, L. A. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13420 · Cited by 7
“Although the terms sleep opportunity and sleep duration are often used interchangeably, they are conceptually and practically distinct constructs (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundYao, F., Zhao, J., Cui, Y., Yu, D., & Tang, X. (2021) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s316113 · Cited by 7
“The National Sleep Foundation currently recommends sleeping seven to seventeen hours per 24 hour period, with age-specific recommendations decreasing with increasing age.(27) The results of our study suggest that nocturnal and daytime sleep duration should not be analyzed separately.”
BackgroundResultPurpose in Life During COVID-19 Confinement: Effect of Physical Activity and Meditation
Romero-Ramos, N., Ramos, Ó. R., & Suárez, A. J. G. (2021) · Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism · doi:10.2478/pjst-2021-0011 · Cited by 7
“The average hours of sleep was 7 hours, a value that is within the minimum recommended by sleep experts in adults to have a good night’s sleep [22, 23] (Tab.”
Backgrounddos Santos, J. L., Araújo, R. H. D. O., Couto, J. D. O., da Silva, D. R. P., & Silva, R. J. D. S. (2021) · Sao Paulo Medical Journal · doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0745.r1.0604221 · Cited by 8
The Association Between Sleep Duration and Arrest Among Adolescents
Partin, R., & Lehmann, P. S. (2021) · Crime and delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287211047532 · Cited by 5
“For the main set of analyses, sleep duration was recoded into a categorical variable, and both “8 hours” and “9 hours” are combined into a single category that is used as the reference because these encompass the recommended sleep duration for adolescents (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialAli, R. M., Zolezzi, M., & Awaisu, A. (2021) · Qatar medical journal · doi:10.5339/qmj.2021.26 · Cited by 7
“Adults need around seven to nine hours of sleep per night to preserve their health.(1) It is well established that sleep can be compromised by surrounding environmental conditions and some behaviors that can negatively affect a healthy sleep pattern or sleep quality.”
BackgroundShafique, Z., Syed, F., Naz, S., Urooj, S., Khan, S., & Javed, S. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200063 · Cited by 7
“According to sleep specialists, most healthy young adults and adults require at least seven to nine hours of sleep per day for optimal health and functioning of their mind and bodies 2 .”
BackgroundJohari, M. G., Jokari, K., Mirahmadizadeh, A., Seif, M., & Rezaianzadeh, A. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-021-00938-5 · Cited by 7
“Therefore, the sleep variable was defined in three categories: short sleep < 7 h, normal sleep 7–9 h and long sleep > 9 in the age group of 26–64 years, and short sleep < 7 h, normal sleep 7–8 h and long sleep > 8 in the age group ≥ 65 years [23].”
BackgroundAlfreeh, L., Alomar, S., & Aljuraiban, G. S. (2021) · Journal of King Saud University - Science · doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101765 · Cited by 8
Child perception and parent’s perception about child sleep quality
Gomes, A. M., & Martins, M. C. (2021) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200107 · Cited by 7
“Thus, sufficient sleep duration requirements vary throughout the life span and from person to person 16 .”
BackgroundA Needs Assessment of Ohio Farmers’ Self-Reported Health Behaviors
Kilanowski, J. F., Jepsen, S. D., Drerup, E. A., Brinkman, P., & Duffy, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Agromedicine · doi:10.1080/1059924x.2022.2040072 · Cited by 7
“The Audit-C score was calculated and to repeat, a score greater than four in men and greater than three in women is considered a hazardous drinker or active alcohol use disorder.(23) Figure 2 illustrates the distribution of Audit-C (at risk-drinkers) scores versus gender.”
MethodMa, Z., Zhao, F., Wang, Y.-Y., Liu, T., & Chao, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809745 · Cited by 7
A Scale Development Study: Psychometric Properties of the Cumhuriyet Subjective Sleep Quality Scale
Sarıçam, H. (2022) · Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi/Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi · doi:10.7197/cmj.1070438 · Cited by 9
Importance of Healthy Habits During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective and Suggestions
Tovani‐Palone, M. R., Comini, N., Giacalone, A., & Franchi, T. (2022) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/11874 · Cited by 7
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults obtain 7-9 hours of sleep a day [28].”
MethodShih, Y., Wu, H.-C., Pan, W., & Chang, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.847704 · Cited by 8
Hu, Y., Gao, T., Cao, R., Ren, H., Qin, Z., Li, C., Liang, L., Meng, C., Guo, X., Lv, J., et al. (2022) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-022-00382-9 · Cited by 7
“The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has recommended that, for optimal health, children aged 6–12 years should sleep 9–12 h every day and teens aged 13–18 years should sleep 8–10 h daily [5].”
BackgroundFlaa, T. A., Bjorvatn, B., Pallesen, S., Zakariassen, E., Harris, A., Gatterbauer-Trischler, P., & Waage, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074311 · Cited by 7
“Still, the diary findings indicated that most of the pilots obtained the recommended or, at least, appropriate amounts of sleep according to Hirshkowitz and colleagues [26].”
ResultInsufficient sleep and cardiovascular disease risk
Javaheri, S., Omobomi, O., & Redline, S. S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00016-2 · Cited by 9
Pilot Test of “NIOSH Training for Law Enforcement on Shift Work and Long Work Hours”
James, L., Caruso, C. C., & James, S. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002534 · Cited by 7
Malheiros, L. E. A., da Costa, B. G. G., Lopes, M. V. V., Felden, É. P. G., & da Silva, K. S. (2022) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2021-0177 · Cited by 7
Eid, W. B., Lim, M., Halstead, E., Espósito, G., & Dimitriou, D. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104290 · Cited by 7
Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in Mexican school-aged children
González-Treviño, I. M., Arrona‐Palacios, A., Núñez‐Rocha, G. M., & Jansen, E. C. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106177 · Cited by 7
Tsuchiya, M., Tsuchiya, S., Momma, H., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.07.018 · Cited by 7
What possibly affects nighttime heart rate? Conclusions from N-of-1 observational data
Matias, I., Daza, E. J., & Wac, K. (2022) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076221120725 · Cited by 7
Diet quality, sleep and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study
Dunk, D., Mulryan, P., Affonso, S., O’Keeffe, G. W., O'Keeffe, M. M., & Sullivan, A. M. (2022) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-022-03144-1 · Cited by 9
“4 h), was in line with current recommendations (7–8 h) [52].”
BackgroundKolaja, C. A., Castañeda, S. F., Woodruff, S. I., Rull, R. P., Armenta, R. F., & for the Millennium Cohort Study Team (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274973 · Cited by 7
“164 Based on National Sleep Foundation recommendations sleep duration was categorized as 165 less than 6, 6, 7–9, and more than 9 hours using self-reported average number of hours slept 166 daily in the past month.(27) Smoking status was based on responses to two questions regarding 167 smoking at least 100 cigarettes…”
MethodEarly Birds in Elementary School? School Start Times and Outcomes for Younger Students
Bastian, K. C., & Fuller, S. (2022) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737221121799 · Cited by 7
“Sleep research indicates that elementary school students have relatively high sleep needs—between 9 and 11 hours of sleep per night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAssociation of sleep duration and quality with depression Among University Students and Faculty.
Alqurashi, Y. D., Qattan, A. H. A., Abbas, H. A., Alghamdi, M., Al-Hamad, A., Al-Dalooj, H. A., Yar, T., Khathlan, N. A., Alqarni, A. M. M., & Salem, A. (2022) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v93i5.13002 · Cited by 17
Pirojsakul, K., Aekplakorn, W., Siwarom, S., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14430-z · Cited by 7
“Recommendations from the United States National Sleep Foundation (NSF) specify that adolescents aged 10–13, 14–17 and 18–19 years should have a sleep duration of 9–11, 8–10 and 7–9 h/day, respectively [16].”
BackgroundFerreira, A. B. D. M., Ribeiro, B. L. L., Batista, E. D. S., Dantas, M., & Mortatti, A. L. (2022) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004235 · Cited by 9
Theoretical construct into blocks of actigraphic-derived sleep parameters
Galasso, L., Calogiuri, G., Castelli, L., Mulè, A., Esposito, F., Caumo, A., Montaruli, A., & Roveda, E. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2157737 · Cited by 7
Silveira, J. F. D. C., Sehn, A. P., da Silva, L. N. D. O., Gaya, A. R., Lima, R. A., Burns, R. D., Andersen, L. B., Renner, J. D. P., & Reuter, C. P. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-022-01174-1 · Cited by 7
“It is from this perspective that recommendations encourage children from 6 to 13 years of age to meet about 9 to 11 hours of sleep and adolescents from 14 to 17 to meet about 8 to 10 hours of sleep per day [50].”
BackgroundNorazahar, N., & Suppiah, D. (2022) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.12.050 · Cited by 7
Thomas, C., Langan‐Evans, C., Germaine, M., Artukovic, M., Jones, H., Whitworth‐Turner, C. M., Close, G. L., & Louis, J. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.981755 · Cited by 7
Griggs, S. A., Hernández, E., Bolton, P. J., Strohl, K. P., Grey, M. J., Kashyap, S. R., Li, C. R., & Hickman, R. L. (2023) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/10547738231154133 · Cited by 7
“Second, nurses can ask open-ended questions to gain a better understanding of the young adult’s bedtime routine and a typical bed and waketime to determine whether sleep duration is between the recommended 7 to 9 hr (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAnan, Y., Kahn, N. F., Garrison, M. M., McCarty, C. A., & Richardson, L. P. (2023) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2023.02.013 · Cited by 8
Wang, C., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Zhu, J., Wu, Q., Chen, H., Liao, H., Lin, J., Wang, Z., Zheng, Z., et al. (2023) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-023-02841-0 · Cited by 7
“The importance of sleep duration is receiving increasing attention [18].”
BackgroundA Longitudinal Pilot Study of Stress and Sleep in First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students
Pattanaik, S., Fastring, D. R., & Bateman, R. C. (2023) · Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development · doi:10.1177/23821205231179532 · Cited by 8
Zheng, S.-S., Feng, S.-T., Yao, H., Dong, L.-R., Feng, Z., Liu, X., Zhang, B.-L., Jia, H.-X., & Ning, Y.-Z. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.08.019 · Cited by 6
Habitual short sleepers with pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk of Long COVID
Berezin, L., Waseem, R., Merikanto, I., Benedict, C., Holzinger, B., Gennaro, L. D., Wing, Y. K., Bjorvatn, B., Korman, M., Morin, C. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10818 · Cited by 7
Sewell, K. R., Rainey‐Smith, S. R., Peiffer, J. J., Sohrabi, H. R., Doecke, J. D., Frost, N. J., Markovic, S. J., Erickson, K. I., & Brown, B. M. (2023) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.6016 · Cited by 9
Sleep mediates the relationship between precarious employment and mental health
Jaydarifard, S., Smith, S. S., Rossa, K. R., Mann, D., Salehi, E. N., & Soleimanloo, S. S. (2023) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100092 · Cited by 7
“In the current study, participants obtained an average of 7.10 h of sleep per night, which meets the recommended amount of sleep [46].”
BackgroundInfluentialBryl, E., Szcześniewska, P., Dutkiewicz, A., Słopień, A., Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, M., & Hanć, T. (2023) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-023-00344-1 · Cited by 8
“Regarding the children’s lifestyle, sleep length was categorised as ≥ 9 h or 9 h [44], eating behaviours were classified as either at least 3 regular meals/day + a snack or irregular meals.”
MethodYang, L. Y., Du, J., Duan, Y., Cui, Y., Qi, Q., Liu, Z., & Liu, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1329134 · Cited by 7
Acute partial sleep deprivation attenuates blood pressure responses to cycling exercise
Bommarito, J. C., Stapleton, R. K., Murray, N. S., Burr, J. F., & Millar, P. J. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00453.2024 · Cited by 9
Individual differences in the sleep/wake cycle of Arctic flexitime workers
Wey, D., Garefelt, J., Fischer, F. M., Moreno, C. R. D. C., & Löwden, A. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1227331 · Cited by 7
Impact of different recommendations on adequacy rate for sleep duration in children
Bruni, O., & Brambilla, P. (2017) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-017-0329-0 · Cited by 7
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
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