The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Results
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
Citations
Cites
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Gray, J. A. M., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 · Cited by 15,769
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,501–2,600 of 4,366
Sriyanah, N., Efendi, S., Syatiani, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns4.5594 · Cited by 4
Li, X., Chattopadhyay, K., Qian, X., Yu, J., Xu, M., Li, L., Sun, J., & Li, J. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s366064 · Cited by 4
“Adults are recommended to sleep seven to eight hours per night.(11) Sleep deprivation is common in China, and a meta-analysis of 47 studies reported that 36% of older adults had sleep disturbances,(12) and 23% of T2DM patients sleep for less than six hours per day compared to only 12% of healthy people in China.”
BackgroundNajafipour, H., Sabahi, A., Khoramipour, K., Shahrokhabadi, M. S., Banivaheb, G., Shadkam, M., & Mirzazadeh, A. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v17i3.9723 · Cited by 4
“6 per day from which mostly (89%) were night sleepers which is in line with other reports (3, 32, 33).”
ResultRuscitto, C., Ogden, J., & Ellis, J. G. (2022) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103882 · Cited by 4
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Racism, and Sleep Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States
Li, Y., Yang, H., Dong, F., & Cui, N. (2022) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20220906-02 · Cited by 5
Lee, J. W., Hwang, J., & Hyun, M. K. (2022) · Journal of pharmacopuncture · doi:10.3831/kpi.2022.25.3.276 · Cited by 4
“Newborns sleep for 11-14 hours, whereas adolescents sleep for 9-11 hours [4].”
BackgroundCharacterising the relationship between sleep stages and associated spectral power in diabetes
Johnson, J. M., Curtis, F., & Durrant, S. J. (2022) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100048 · Cited by 3
Association of income relative deprivation and sleep duration in China
Peng, Z., & Wu, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008259 · Cited by 4
“Scientific research shows that an adult’s normal sleep duration should be between 7 and 9 h, less than 7 h is insufficient sleep duration, and more than 9 h is too long sleep duration (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Ren et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodPeculiarities of insomnia in men and women at different age periods
Пизова, Н. В., & Pizov, A. V. (2022) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-21-112-118 · Cited by 4
Dampak Bermain Game Online terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Remaja SMA
Haibanissa, S., Sulastri, T., & Ningsih, R. (2022) · JKEP · doi:10.32668/jkep.v7i2.968 · Cited by 10
Lifestyle Factors and Successful Cognitive Aging in Older Adults
O’Connor, M. K., Kraft, M. L., & Randolph, J. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11389-5_3 · Cited by 4
Go to bed!: Sleep as a risk factor for adolescent hypertension
Wang, Y. M., Dandoy, C. E., Smith, D. F., & Hogenesch, J. B. (2023) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2023.101613 · Cited by 6
Gibson, R. H., Akter, T., Jones, C., & Towers, A. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad042 · Cited by 4
Carson, M., Cicalese, O., Bhandari, E., Stefanovski, D., Fiks, A. G., Mindell, J. A. A., & Williamson, A. A. (2023) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2023.02.001 · Cited by 5
Gauthier-Gagné, G., Saha, S., Jensen, J., Somerville, G., & Gruber, R. (2023) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304231152987 · Cited by 5
“In addition, analyses were conducted to determine the percentage of adolescents receiving sleep of insufficient (<8 h), recommended (8-10 h), or long (≥ 10 h) sleep duration and the percentage exhibiting the recommended (>85%) or less than recommended (<85%) sleep efficiency (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Paruthi et al.,…”
BackgroundCharifson, M., Ghassabian, A., Seok, E., Naidu, M., Mehta‐Lee, S. S., Brubaker, S. G., Afanasyeva, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, M., Trasande, L., et al. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.02.001 · Cited by 4
Du, M., Zhu, L., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081872 · Cited by 5
“We classified adults’ and older adults’ sleep duration into three groups: normal sleep duration, short sleep duration, and long sleep duration, based on recommendations from the National Sleep Foundation [21].”
MethodMultimorbidity and Sleep Patterns among Adults in a Peruvian Semi-Urban Area
Flores, J. J. M., Cósar, R. E. M., & Bernabé‐Ortiz, A. (2023) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1767755 · Cited by 4
Kalafatis, E., Mitsis, K., Zarkogianni, K., et al. (2023) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32029-3_19 · Cited by 4
ADHD, Comorbidities, and Multimodal Treatment
Theodoratou, M., Farmakopoulou, I., & Gkintoni, E. (2023) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8203-2.ch013 · Cited by 4
Wang, L., Li, J., Dang, Y., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s409179 · Cited by 4
““What do you think of your sleep quality?” Sleep duration was collected as continuous data in this study, and participants who reported 7–9 hours of sleep were classified as the normal sleep group.(22)”
BackgroundA Study on HCI of a Collaborated Nurture Game for Sleep Education with Child and Parent
Takahara, M., & Hattori, S. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35132-7_12 · Cited by 4
México, U. A. D. T., Pérez, B. D. Á., Pérez, R. L., et al. (2023) · Revista CUIDARTE · doi:10.15649/cuidarte.3032 · Cited by 4
Okul Çocuklarında Uyku Bozukluğu Semptomları İle Sağlıklı Yaşam Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki
BİLDİRİCİ, Y., Sungur, S., Muz, F. N. Ö., Bal, M., Akkoca, Z., & Metintaş, S. (2023) · OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE · doi:10.20515/otd.1344793 · Cited by 4
Non-linear relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure in children with short stature
Zhao, Q., He, M.-M., Zhang, M., Chu, Y., & Ban, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1302750 · Cited by 4
Lee, H., Lee, B. G., & La, I. S. (2023) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02767-5 · Cited by 4
Kang, D. W., Kim, S. H., Kyung, Y., & Lee, H. J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12247716 · Cited by 4
“Although several studies in adults have shown that WCUS has a positive effect on human health [3,13,14], it is unclear whether WCUS has advantageous effects on emotional states because sleep hygiene guidelines recommend regularizing sleep time and wake-up time [12,33].”
BackgroundMethodJ, S. A. S., & Tanuja, R. (2024) · Journal of Education and e-Learning Research · doi:10.20448/jeelr.v11i1.5330 · Cited by 4
“Sleep deprivation can lead to reduced attention, impaired concentration and decreased cognitive abilities as highlighted by Hirshkowitz et al. (2015).”
BackgroundChan, W. S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60223-2 · Cited by 6
Haszard, J. J., Jackson, R., Morrison, S., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Galland, B. C., Beebe, D. W., Elder, D. E., & Taylor, R. W. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-024-01607-5 · Cited by 5
Clarke, M., McLay, L., France, K. G., & Blampied, N. M. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102456 · Cited by 4
Nighttime eating during pregnancy and infant adiposity at 6 months of life
Rodríguez-Cano, A. M., Medel-Canchola, B., González-Ludlow, I., Rodríguez-Hernández, C., Reyes-Muñoz, E., Schiffman-Selechnik, E., Estrada‐Gutiérrez, G., & Perichart‐Perera, O. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1364722 · Cited by 4
Disorders Associated with Increased Sleepiness
Nevšímalová, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28640-2_13 · Cited by 4
조윤정, & 황준현 (2017) · Journal of the Korean Society of School Health · doi:10.15434/kssh.2017.30.3.317 · Cited by 4
The Role of the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Adolescent Mental Illness
Wilson, C. E., Carpenter, J. S., & Hickie, I. B. (2019) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-019-00145-y · Cited by 5
DPP-4 Levels Are Increased in Subjects with Poor Sleep Quality
Montelongo-Rodríguez, K., Almendra‐Pegueros, R., Valencia-Sánchez, L. D., de Leon, E. A. D. L.-D., García-Díaz, A., Esmer‐Sánchez, D., Jiménez-González, C. A., Medina, Ú., & Gordillo‐Moscoso, A. (2019) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2019.0003 · Cited by 4
Kroll, C., Trombelli, M. C. M. C., Schultz, L. F., Ferreira, R. E. R., & Mastroeni, M. F. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.028 · Cited by 4
Sleep in the Context of Close Relationships
Gunn, H. E., & Eberhardt, K. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30628-1_9 · Cited by 6
nocturnOWL: Sleep-monitoring Virtual Pet Mobile Application
Kalaiselvan, V., Azman, F., Cheng, L. K., et al. (2019) · IEEE Conference on Open Systems · doi:10.1109/icos47562.2019.8975709 · Cited by 4
“and Effects of Sleep Disturbance An article titled ‘National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep Time Duration’ [10] discusses an individual’s ideal hours of sleep based on thorough research by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), a U.S nonprofit organization developed to study sleep and disorders related to the activity.”
The Treatment of Dually Diagnosed Individuals with Sleep Disturbances and Intellectual Disabilities
McPherson, P., Kaushal, M., & Kothapalli, V. (2020) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46835-4_36 · Cited by 6
Autocuidado em freiras carmelitas descalças à luz da Teoria de Orem
Barboza, N. S. R., Fassarella, C. S., & de Souza, P. A. (2020) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/s1980-220x2019009903637 · Cited by 4
“A study by the National Sleep Foundation, aimed at updating the recommendation for sleep duration, recommends that people from eighteen to sixty-four years should sleep from seven to nine hours and, above sixty-five, from seven to eight hours(14).”
MethodSleep duration and risk of obesity: A genome and epidemiological study
Kim, H. J., Kang, I., Choe, W., & Yoon, K. (2021) · World Academy of Sciences Journal · doi:10.3892/wasj.2021.91 · Cited by 5
Ávila‐García, M., Huertas‐Delgado, F. J., & Tercedor, P. (2021) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-021-00323-y · Cited by 4
“The sleep recommendations proposed by the National Sleep Foundation state that children aged 6–13 years old should sleep between 9 and 11 h per night [1].”
BackgroundLong, Z., Huang, L., Lyu, J., Xia, Y., Chen, Y., Li, R., Wang, Y., & Li, S. (2022) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-022-01600-9 · Cited by 6
Khachatryan, S. G., Isayan, M., & Hovakimyan, H. (2021) · Armenian Journal of Health & Medical Sciences · doi:10.54235/27382737-2021.1.1-28 · Cited by 4
Kontou, T. G., Sargent, C., & Roach, G. D. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22186962 · Cited by 5
“This is because, under ideal conditions, humans may spend approximately one-third of their lives asleep [16].”
BackgroundPark, J., Martin, S. N., & Chu, H. (2015) · Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education · doi:10.14697/jkase.2015.35.4.0773 · Cited by 4
Benefits of Sleep for Undergraduate Students’ Academic Performance
Chiang, Y. C., & Arendt, S. W. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education · doi:10.1080/10963758.2017.1297713 · Cited by 4
Mediating effect of sleep behaviors when predicting weight-related behaviors in nursing students
Owens, H., Polivka, B. J., Christian, B. J., King, K. M., & Ridner, S. L. (2019) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000151 · Cited by 4
Seixas, A. A., Robbins, R., Chung, A., Popp, C. J., Donley, T., McFarlane, S. I., Moore, J., & Jean‐Louis, G. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00017-4 · Cited by 8
Miyashita, H., Nakamura, M., Svensson, A. K., Nakamura, M., Tokuno, S., Chung, U., & Svensson, T. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/16880 · Cited by 4
“Therefore, it was hypothesized that an appropriate duration of sleep, 7-9 hours for adults [11], is associated with a greater recovery of vitality, that is, a higher Δvitality.”
BackgroundSleep: Disorders and Clinical Implications
Jha, V. M., & Jha, S. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7175-6_6 · Cited by 4
New Media Development, Sleep and Lifestyle in Children and Adolescents
Łuszczki, E., Bartosiewicz, A., Bobula, G., Kuchciak, M., Jagielski, P., Oleksy, Ł., Stolarczyk, A., & Dereń, K. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13042248 · Cited by 4
“The Australian Department of Health recommends between 9 and 11 hours of sleep for children (aged 5–13 years) and between 8 and 10 hours of sleep for adolescents (aged 14–17 years) [38].”
BackgroundTime lost: Factors influencing advanced practice provider’s prioritization of sleep
Hittle, B. M., Gillespie, G. L., Jones, H. J., & Bhattacharya, A. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-203400 · Cited by 4
“Similarly, certified nurse midwives and certified midwives are experiencing sleep loss, with reports of regularly sleeping less than the 7–9 hours of recommended sleep per 24-hour period [17, 18].”
Rauff, E. L., & van der Meulen, C. L. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1909043 · Cited by 7
“This study also found that the strongest population-level predictors of major depressive disorder in the first year of university were history of childhood or adolescent trauma, a stressful experience in the past 12 months, parental psychopathology, or having another mental disorder.(48) This study did not examine pre…”
BackgroundResultMartin, T., Twomey, R., Medysky, M. E., et al. (2019) · doi:10.31236/osf.io/yswn8 · Cited by 4
Forensic Assessment of Psychological Torture
Pérez‐Sales, P., & Petersen, H. D. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823677-2.00177-x · Cited by 4
Lu, R., Li, R., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Kang, W., Zhao, A., Lin, X., Hu, Y., Liu, S., Xu, Z., et al. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.010 · Cited by 3
Kang, Y. (2024) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/00912174241291716 · Cited by 3
Innocent, B. R., Lorraine, O., Katabira, E., et al. (2024) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2024.100104 · Cited by 3
Zhang, R., Luo, L., Zhang, L., Lin, X., Wu, C., Jiang, F., & Wang, J. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70237 · Cited by 3
“Numerous factors, including age, gender, and ethnicity, influence sleep behavior (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015; Grandner 2019; Walch, Cochran, and Forger 2016).”
Smith, H., Barber, C., Taylor, R. W., Signal, T. L., Hetrick, S. E., Alansari, M., Oldehaver, J., & Galland, B. C. (2025) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2025.2473351 · Cited by 3
“Many do not meet the sleep health recommendations of 8–10 hr for adolescents aged 14–17 years and 7–9 hr for 18-year-olds (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
Aderman, M. J., Roach, M. H., Malvasi, S. R., Ross, J., Svoboda, S. J., Robb, J. B., McGinty, G. T., Jackson, J. C., Campbell, D. E., Estevez, C. A., et al. (2025) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2025.0018 · Cited by 4
Giordano, N. A., Getz, T., Gottschalk, M. B., Miller, A. H., Jones, K. D., Park, J., Zhu, Y., Gong, A., Hudson, J., Selimovic, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1589748 · Cited by 4
Thottan, A., Kuzik, N., Saunders, T. J., Christakis, D., Blocker, K. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106657 · Cited by 4
Teixeira, C. M., Bressan, J., Juvanhol, L. L., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-025-01834-1 · Cited by 3
“Individuals who did ≥ 150 min/week of moderate-intensity activity or ≥ 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity activity were considered active [32].”
Racial Disparities in Sleep Among Diverse Young Adults During the First Semester of College
Yip, T., Lorenzo, K., Wu, J., Yan, J., Zhao, Z., Cham, H., Chae, D. H., & El‐Sheikh, M. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02592-6 · Cited by 4
“However, actigraph devices primarily rely on sleep based on movement, which may result in discrepancies between wakefulness and motionless wake states, especially if individuals engage in quiet activities before bed [32].”
Liu, Z., Wang, J., Pan, X., Zhang, P., Yang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1646627 · Cited by 3
Mammeri, K., Riontino, L., Schwartz, S., & Sterpenich, V. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-00923-w · Cited by 2
“between 13 and 18 years old [6–12].”
Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Jin, L., Yang, X., Han, K., Ma, J., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Yao, L. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106802 · Cited by 3
Hussein, N., Shiferaw, K., Lonsako, A. A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-20342-w · Cited by 3
“…categories based on the National Sleep Foundation’s recommendation of sleep time as follows: Short sleep duration: sleeping less than seven hours of sleep per night, Normal (optimal) sleep duration: seven to nine hours per night and Long sleep duration: sleeping more than nine hours per night 29 .”
White, K. M., Ward, L. A., Saelee, R., Buxton, O. M., Hale, L. E., Chang, A., & Johnson, D. A. (2025) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.10.003 · Cited by 5
Liu, C., Yuan, Y., Zhu, J., Xiong, J., Xiao, Z., Sun, H., Jiang, J., Ma, Y., & Lu, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25675-9 · Cited by 4
“According to the National Sleep Foundation’s recommendations, a sleep duration of 7 to 9 h per day is ideal for young adults [46].”
Yiallourou, S. R., Cribb, L., Campbell‐Brown, B., Brakenridge, C. J., Baril, A., & Pase, M. P. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04536-7 · Cited by 4
“…prior studies have shown that short sleep (< 6 h) (3) and long sleep (> 9 h) (4) are associated with increased dementia risk, and (2) both < 6 and > 9 h fall outside the expert consensus recommendations for optimal sleep to support overall, cognitive, emotional, and physical health in adults [28].”
Association Between Age-Specific Sleep Sufficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorder in U.S. Children
Ahmmad, M. R., Pantazopoulos, H., Faruque, F., Zhang, X., & Puri, R. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-07175-2 · Cited by 3
Zou, Q., Ogaz-González, R., Lunter, G. A., & Corpeleijn, E. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17243883 · Cited by 4
Stiver, J., Wang, X., Lui, K. K., Dratva, M. A., Lifset, E. T., Heyworth, N. C., Rivera, C. S., Malhotra, A., Thomas, M. L., Sundermann, E. E., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71051 · Cited by 3
Diurnal changes of cerebrospinal fluid and global signal coupling
Müller, L., Berberich, C., Heinrich, P., Nuttall, R., Pilge, S., Zott, B., Sorg, C., Wohlschlaeger, A. M., Schneider, G., & Zimmermann, J. (2026) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121833 · Cited by 3
Samuolis, J., & McGeorge, L. (2020) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2020.1765906 · Cited by 3
“In the current study, the dichotomization of sleep was partly informed by the national recommendation for sleep in adults ages 18 and older.(25)”
MethodLin, W. (2019) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000508056 · Cited by 2
Berninger, N. M., Knell, G., Gabriel, K. P., Plasqui, G., Crutzen, R., & ten Hoor, G. A. (2020) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2020-0010 · Cited by 3
“The National Sleep Foundation, with endorsement from the European Sleep Research Society, recommends 8–10 hr of sleep per 24-hr cycle (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) as the optimal sleep duration for adolescents aged 14–17 years, and 9–11 hr of sleep for children aged 6–13 years.”
InfluentialSleep Quality in Chilean Professional Soccer Players
Jorquera-Aguilera, C., Barahona-Fuentes, G. D. F., Peña, M. J. P., Yeomans‐Cabrera, M., & Ojeda, Á. H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115866 · Cited by 7
“Both the experience reported by patients [9] and scientific evidence [10] have established that people should sleep between 7 and 9 h a day for good sleep quality.”
BackgroundInfluentialCervical headgear therapy and sleep-related attributes
Gratsia, S., Cocos, A., Matsangas, P., Shattuck, N. L., & Vastardis, H. (2023) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.12.017 · Cited by 3
Liu, H., Wang, G., Zhao, J., Hu, J., Mu, Y., & Gu, W. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106285 · Cited by 3
Berrutti, B., Xavier, M. O., Santos, I. S., Matijasevich, A., & Tovo‐Rodrigues, L. (2023) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770807 · Cited by 3
Lin, Y. N., Zhou, L. N., Liu, Z. R., Wang, Y., Li, S. Q., Lu, F. Y., Zhang, L., & Li, Q. Y. (2023) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s411677 · Cited by 3
“According to National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations, 7–9 h are recommended for young adults and adults, while <6 h or >10 h are inappropriate sleep.(21) A cutoff of 6 h of sleep has been shown to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.”
MethodAssociation between screen time, physical activity and sleep quality among youths
Liu, G., & Liu, D. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/ijphs.v12i3.23098 · Cited by 3
Bodega, P., Santos-Beneit, G., de Cos-Gandoy, A., Moreno, L. A., de Miguel, M., Orrit, X., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Martínez‐Gómez, J., Ramírez-Garza, S. L., Santos, E. P. L., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16461-6 · Cited by 3
Reji, R. E., Nair, S. B., Subbaiah, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science · doi:10.7324/japs.2023.145187 · Cited by 3
“Research studies have shown that the functioning of the skeletal muscle is highly related to the maintenance of the circadian rhythm (Hirshkowitz et al. , 2015).”
Teixeira, C. M., Bressan, J., Leal, A. C. G., Ribeiro, S. A. V., Juvanhol, L. L., Pimenta, A. M., & Hermsdorff, H. H. M. (2023) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2023.2267793 · Cited by 3
Roy, E. S., Mathew, G., Prajnashree, R., George, S. M., Nandakumar, U. P., & Subramanya, C. (2024) · Sleep and Vigilance · doi:10.1007/s41782-023-00260-5 · Cited by 3
Wang, D.-S., Zhang, H., Wu, S.-H., Qian, Z. M., McMillin, S. E., Bingheim, E., Tan, W., Huang, W., Zhou, P., Liu, R.-Q., et al. (2024) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001719 · Cited by 4
“30,31”
Gálvez-Ortega, K., Marceau, K., Foti, D., & Kelleher, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352881 · Cited by 3
“Interestingly, in these same cohorts, only 17% of TD infants exhibited sleep durations that were atypical based on national guidelines (i.e., National Sleep Foundation; 41), compared to 31% of NGS infants.”
ResultHoof, T. J. V., Madan, C. R., Sumeracki, M. A., & Meehan, T. P. (2024) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000556 · Cited by 3
“20 However, both sleep quantity and quality matter in contributing to an individual ’ s overall well-being.”
Pivac, L. N., Brown, B. M., Sewell, K. R., Doecke, J. D., Villemagne, V. L., Doré, V., Weinborn, M., Sohrabi, H. R., Gardener, S. L., Bucks, R. S., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12579 · Cited by 2
Pereira, R., Costa, A., Warkentin, S., Vilela, S., & Oliveira, A. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107384 · Cited by 3
“For this developmental period, recommendations suggest a night sleep duration between 9 and 11 h/night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
InfluentialMurphy, C. J., Saavedra, J. M., Ólafsson, D., Kristófersdóttir, K. H., Arnardóttir, E. S., & Kristjánsdóttir, H. (2024) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2024.02.006 · Cited by 4
Inequities in adolescent sleep health in Aotearoa New Zealand: Cross-sectional survey findings
Muller, D., Signal, T. L., Shanthakumar, M., Fleming, T. M., Clark, T. C., Crengle, S. M., Donkin, L., & Paine, S. (2024) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2024.05.007 · Cited by 3
“A categorical sleep duration variable was prepared based on National Sleep Foundation sleep duration recommendations, 25 which inform NZ Ministry of Health sleep guidelines.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
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