The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Results
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
Citations
Cites
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Gray, J. A. M., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 · Cited by 15,769
Yeh, M. (2014) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000065 · Cited by 3,836
(2001) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 2,158
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 4,366
Covassin, N., Bukartyk, J., Singh, P., Calvin, A. D., Louis, E. K. S., & Somers, V. K. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17622 · Cited by 66
Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Self-Rated Health in Young Adults
Štefan, L., Juranko, D., Prosoli, R., Barić, R., & Sporiš, G. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6662 · Cited by 68
Manyanga, T., Barnes, J. D., Chaput, J., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Prista, A., & Tremblay, M. S. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0861-y · Cited by 75
Sleep Duration and Cognition in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Older Adults
Low, D. V., Wu, M. N., & Spira, A. P. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.07.001 · Cited by 63
Tahmasian, M., Samea, F., Khazaie, H., Zarei, M., Masouleh, S. K., Hoffstaedter, F., Camilleri, J. A., Kochunov, P., Yeo, B. T. T., Eickhoff, S. B., et al. (2020) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0892-6 · Cited by 67
Fenton, S., Burrows, T. L., Skinner, J. A., & Duncan, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12813 · Cited by 71
Behavioral interventions to extend sleep duration: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Baron, K. G., Duffecy, J. L., Reutrakul, S., Levenson, J. C., McFarland, M., Lee, S., & Qeadan, F. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101532 · Cited by 70
“According to the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, only 25 % of high school students get the recommended eight or more hours of sleep per night [3,4].”
BackgroundYou, Y., Liu, J., Wang, D., Fu, Y., Liu, R., & Ma, X. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13020171 · Cited by 67
“By referring the final report of National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations, preschoolers are recommended to sleep for 10–13 h, school-aged children for 9–11 h, teenagers for 8–10 h, and young adults for 7–9 h [3,4].”
BackgroundAir pollution increases the risk of frailty: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Chen, Y., Xu, Z., Guo, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138105 · Cited by 65
Rubens, S. L., Evans, S. C., Becker, S. P., Fite, P. J., & Tountas, A. M. (2016) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-016-0672-1 · Cited by 66
Broadband internet, digital temptations, and sleep
Billari, F. C., Giuntella, O., & Stella, L. (2018) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2018.07.001 · Cited by 65
Nutritional Recommendations for Physique Athletes
Roberts, B. M., Helms, E. R., Trexler, E. T., & Fitschen, P. J. (2020) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2019-0096 · Cited by 79
“Sleep It is recommended adults sleep 7-9 hours per night and achieve a sleep efficiency of 85% (time asleep in bed) to promote general health (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Ohayon et al., 2017).”
BackgroundCobry, E. C., Hamburger, E., & Jaser, S. S. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0057 · Cited by 63
“In line with previous research,(8) we found that both youth with T1D and their parents were not achieving the recommended amount of sleep (8–10 h for adolescents, 7–9 h for adults).(37) However, data from this exploratory study did not support the hypothesis that use of HCL systems in a T1D pediatric population would…”
ResultSleep profiles and CBT-I response in schizophrenia and related psychoses
Chiu, V., Ree, M. J., Janča, A., Iyyalol, R., Dragović, M., & Waters, F. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.027 · Cited by 62
Almoosawi, S., Palla, L., Walshe, I. H., Vingeliene, S., & Ellis, J. G. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10091131 · Cited by 67
Cumulative socio-demographic risk factors and sleep outcomes in early childhood
Williamson, A. A., & Mindell, J. A. A. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz233 · Cited by 70
“The following items from those described above were each dichotomously coded and summed to generate an index in which higher scores indicated worse sleep health: bedtime routine implemented ≤ 4 nights per week (=1); bedtime later than 09:00 pm (=1); any electronics items in the child’s bedroom (=1); insufficient sleep…”
MethodSleep–wake habits and circadian preference in Mexican secondary school
Arrona‐Palacios, A., García, A., & Valdéz, P. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.05.026 · Cited by 65
Sleep duration in preschool children and impact of screen time
Lan, Q.-Y., Chan, K. C., Yu, K. N., Chan, N. Y., Wing, Y. K., Li, A. M., & Au, C. T. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.024 · Cited by 63
A meta‐analysis of sleep and work performance: An examination of moderators and mediators
Henderson, A. A., & Horan, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2486 · Cited by 68
Nayak, B., Sahu, P. K., Ramsaroop, K., Maharaj, S., Mootoo, W., Khan, S., & Extavour, R. M. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044397 · Cited by 70
Rubín, L., Gába, A., Pelclová, J., Štefelová, N., Jakubec, L., Dygrýn, J., & Hron, K. (2022) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00755-5 · Cited by 63
Impact of Sleep Fragmentation on Cognition and Fatigue
Benkirane, O., Delwiche, B., Maîresse, O., & Peigneux, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315485 · Cited by 82
Adolescent perceptions of sleep and influences on sleep behaviour: A qualitative study
Godsell, S., & White, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.03.010 · Cited by 64
Saksvik‐Lehouillier, I., Saksvik, S. B., Dahlberg, J., Tanum, T. K., Ringen, H., Karlsen, H. R., Smedbøl, T., Sørengaard, T. A., Stople, M., Kallestad, H., et al. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa078 · Cited by 66
“Seven to 9 hours of sleep is recommended for young adults and 7–8 hours for older adults [5].”
BackgroundKhalladi, K., Farooq, A., Souissi, S., Herrera, C. P., Chamari, K., Taylor, L. K., & Massioui, F. E. (2019) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000498 · Cited by 62
Grumbach, P., Opel, N., Martin, S., Meinert, S., Leehr, E. J., Redlich, R., Enneking, V., Goltermann, J., Baune, B. T., Dannlowski, U., et al. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25132 · Cited by 60
“Although increased sleep duration is negatively associated with cognition, the association of sleep duration with cognition is positive for short and moderate (recommended (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015)) sleep durations.”
BackgroundInsomnia, sleep duration, and risk of anxiety: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Zhou, F., Li, S., & Xu, H. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.012 · Cited by 61
Marciano, L., & Camerini, A.-L. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.027 · Cited by 77
Richter, S. A., Ferraz‐Rodrigues, C., Schilling, L. B., Camargo, N. F., & Nunes, M. L. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13720 · Cited by 63
“The National Sleep Foundation recommendations were used to define sleep duration and sleep efficiency (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; National Sleep Fundation, 2020).”
MethodCunningham, T. J., Wheaton, A. G., Ford, E. S., & Croft, J. B. (2016) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2016.1179724 · Cited by 61
Duncan, D. T., Goedel, W. C., Mayer, K. H., Safren, S. A., Palamar, J. J., Hagen, D., & Jean‐Louis, G. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.07.003 · Cited by 61
Sivertsen, B., Pallesen, S., Friborg, O., Nilsen, K. B., Bakke, Ø., Goll, J. B., & Hopstock, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13095 · Cited by 65
“Although our sleep need may depend on both genetic and physiological factors, the latest recommendations from the National Sleep Foundations (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) suggest that a sleep duration of 7–9 and 7–8 hr (±1 hr to take individual differences into account) is appropriate for adults…”
Background24-hour movement guidelines and suicidality among adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., & Colman, I. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.096 · Cited by 61
Tomaz, S. A., Coffee, P., Ryde, G. C., Swales, B., Neely, K. C., Connelly, J., Kirkland, A., McCabe, L., Watchman, K., Andreis, F., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094517 · Cited by 66
“Firstly, regarding the relationship between wellbeing and sleep: this finding is expected and not only supported by other studies including older adults [62,63] but also supports the rationale of the sleep time duration recommendations by the National Sleep Foundation [40].”
MethodResultZiporyn, T. D., Owens, J. A., Wahlstrom, K. L., Wolfson, A. R., Troxel, W., Saletin, J., Rubens, S. L., Pelayo, R., Payne, P. A., Hale, L. E., et al. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.10.008 · Cited by 66
“5 hours per night, with individual variation ranging between 8 and 10 hours.(29,30) Given contemporary lifestyles, including late-evening light exposure and requirements to rise extremely early for school, plus teens’”
BackgroundTime to Sleep?—A Review of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep and Mental Health
Neculicioiu, V. S., Colosi, I. A., Costache, C. A., Sevastre-Berghian, A., & Clichici, S. V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063497 · Cited by 68
“The NSF (National Sleep Foundation) recommends 14–17 h for new-borns, 9–11 h for school aged children, 8–10 h for teenagers, 7–9 h for young adults and adults and 7–8 h of sleep for older adults [1].”
BackgroundYou, Y., Liu, J., Li, X., Wang, P., Liu, R., & Ma, X. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17057 · Cited by 65
“Referring to the previous literature ( Hirshkowitz et al., 2015 ), sleep duration was categorized into regular ( ≥ 7 h), light short (6.5 – 7 h), mild short (6 – 6.5 h) and severe short ( 6 h) sleep.”
MethodInfluentialEffects of sleep extension on sleep duration, sleepiness, and blood pressure in college students
Stock, A. A., Lee, S., Nahmod, N. G., & Chang, A. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.10.003 · Cited by 60
Sleep and pre-bedtime activities in New Zealand adolescents: differences by ethnicity
Galland, B. C., de Wilde, T., Taylor, R. W., & Smith, C. P. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.09.002 · Cited by 59
Robbins, R., Quan, S. F., Barger, L. K., Czeisler, C. A., Fray-Witzer, M., Weaver, M. D., Zhang, Y., Redline, S. S., & Klerman, E. B. (2021) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2021.100016 · Cited by 59
Su, S., Li, X., Xu, Y., McCall, W. V., & Wang, X. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11848-8 · Cited by 61
Arrona-Palacios, A., & Díaz-Morales, J. (2018) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12196 · Cited by 49
The influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners
Blanchfield, A., Lewis-Jones, T. M., Wignall, J. R., Roberts, J. B., & Oliver, S. J. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1477180 · Cited by 61
Robbins, R., Grandner, M. A., Buxton, O. M., Hale, L. E., Buysse, D. J., Knutson, K. L., Patel, S. R., Troxel, W., Youngstedt, S. D., Czeisler, C. A., et al. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.02.002 · Cited by 66
Becker, S. P., Duraccio, K. M., Sidol, C. A., Fershtman, C. E. M., Byars, K. C., & Harvey, A. G. (2022) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547211056965 · Cited by 58
“…Díaz-Morales, 2015; Muro et al., 2012), (b) a sleep duration below or above the recommendation of the National Sleep Foundation (i.e., <8 or >10 hours; Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) based on actigraphy worn for five school nights following the inclusion visit, or (c) poor overall sleep quality on the…”
BackgroundIllingworth, G., Sharman, R. L., Harvey, C., Foster, F., & Espie, C. A. (2019) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2019.100011 · Cited by 57
“Although there is debate about how much sleep adolescents need [22], the National Sleep Foundation guidelines recommend that 14- to 17-year-old adolescents should be sleeping between eight to 10 h a night [23].”
BackgroundMarkovic, A., Mühlematter, C., Beaugrand, M., Camos, V., & Kurth, S. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13314 · Cited by 64
“A chronic loss of half an hour of sleep is sizable, as the National Sleep Foundation (USA) (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) recommends sleep durations of 14– 17 h at age 0 to 3 months, 12– 15 h at age 4 to 11 months, and 11– 14 h between 1 and 2 years.”
BackgroundWang, H., Sun, J., Sun, M., Liu, N., & Wang, M. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.11.001 · Cited by 59
Pilot study of a sleep health promotion program for college students
Levenson, J. C., Miller, E. P., Hafer, B., Reidell, M. F., Buysse, D. J., & Franzen, P. L. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.03.006 · Cited by 59
Association Between Sleep and Productivity Loss Among 598 676 Employees From Multiple Industries
Gingerich, S. B., Seaverson, E. L. D., & Anderson, D. R. (2017) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117117722517 · Cited by 58
Zitser, J., Anatürk, M., Zsoldos, E., Mahmood, A., Filippini, N., Suri, S., Leng, Y., Yaffe, K. S., Singh‐Manoux, A., Mika Kivimaki, B., et al. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz290 · Cited by 54
“In addition, the National Sleep Foundation’s guidelines posit that 7–9 hours sleep per night is “recommended” for health and well-being, with less than 6 hours sleep “not recommended” [3].”
BackgroundSleep Deprivation Induces Dry Eye Through Inhibition of PPARα Expression in Corneal Epithelium
Tang, L., Wang, X., Wu, J., Li, S. M., Zhang, Z., Wu, S., Su, T., Lin, Z., Chen, X., Liao, X., et al. (2018) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24504 · Cited by 57
Galeoto, G., Scialpi, A., Grassi, M. L., Berardi, A., Valente, D., Tofani, M., & Paoloni, M. (2019) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.2019.1627067 · Cited by 213
Brewster, G. S., Riegel, B. J., & Gehrman, P. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.004 · Cited by 62
Intake of ultra-processed foods and sleep-related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Delpino, F. M., Figueiredo, L. M., Flores, T. R., Silveira, E. A., Silva dos Santos, F., Werneck, A. O., Louzada, M. L. D. C., Arcêncio, R. A., & Nunes, B. P. (2023) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2022.111908 · Cited by 58
Bullying involvement, psychological distress, and short sleep duration among adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J., Hamilton, H. A., & Colman, I. (2018) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-018-1590-2 · Cited by 59
Jones, J. J., Kirschen, G. W., Kancharla, S., & Hale, L. E. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.09.005 · Cited by 57
Sleep and Health Among Collegiate Student Athletes
Brauer, A. A., Athey, A. B., Ross, M. J., & Grandner, M. A. (2019) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.1921 · Cited by 70
Morgenthaler, T., Hashmi, S. D., Croft, J., Dort, L., Heald, J. L., & Mullington, J. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM) · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6358 · Cited by 47
Roitblat, Y., Burger, J., Leit, A., Nehuliaieva, L., Umarova, G. S., Kaliberdenko, V. B., Kulanthaivel, S., Buchris, N., & Shterenshis, M. V. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110282 · Cited by 54
Robbins, R., Affouf, M., Weaver, M. D., Czeisler, M. É., Barger, L. K., Quan, S. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/20546 · Cited by 54
“Research has also shown a heightened ability to mount an immune response among those who obtain a healthy, sufficient duration of sleep (ie, 7-9 hours) [12-14].”
Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions
Halma, M. T. J., Tuszyński, J. A., & Marik, P. E. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15194245 · Cited by 61
“For healthy individuals, the National Sleep Foundation recommends seven to nine hours of sleep for younger adults and seven to eight hours for older adults [56].”
BackgroundSleep, 24-Hour Activity Rhythms, and Subsequent Amyloid-β Pathology
Ho, P. T. N., Hoepel, S. J. W., Rodríguez‐Ayllón, M., Luik, A. I., Vernooij, M. W., & Neitzel, J. (2024) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.1755 · Cited by 65
Relationships of Sleep Duration With Weight-Related Behaviors of U.S. College Students
Quick, V., Byrd‐Bredbenner, C., Shoff, S. M., White, A. A., Lohse, B., Horacek, T. M., Colby, S. E., Brown, O. N., Kidd, T., & Greene, G. W. (2015) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1065411 · Cited by 59
Xiao, Q., & Hale, L. E. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy076 · Cited by 57
Student‐Athletes and Mental Health Experiences
Ryan, H., Gayles, J. G., & Bell, L. (2018) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.20271 · Cited by 61
A longitudinal view of rumination, poor sleep and psychological distress in adolescents
Mazzer, K., Boersma, K., & Linton, S. J. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.053 · Cited by 56
Gariépy, G., Doré, I., Whitehead, R., & Elgar, F. J. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.029 · Cited by 59
Noorwali, E. A., Hardie, L. J., & Cade, J. E. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11061382 · Cited by 58
Fu, J., Wang, Y., Li, G., Han, L., Li, Y., Li, L., Feng, D., Wu, Y., Xiao, X., Li, M., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-019-0405-1 · Cited by 55
Vedaa, Ø., Erevik, E. K., Hysing, M., Hayley, A. C., & Sivertsen, B. (2019) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2019.100005 · Cited by 61
Arns, M., Kooij, J. J. S., & Coogan, A. N. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.035 · Cited by 60
Liu, P. Y. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00683 · Cited by 55
Luo, Y., Li, Y., Xie, J., Duan, Y., Gan, G., Zhou, Y., Luo, X., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Zhang, Q., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.102 · Cited by 59
The prevalence of sleep loss and sleep disorders in young and old adults
Jha, V. M. (2022) · Aging Brain · doi:10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100057 · Cited by 67
“For older adults (65 + years), the recommended minimum daily sleep time is 7–8 h [64].”
BackgroundIs sleep deprivation a contributor to obesity in children?
Chaput, J. (2015) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0233-9 · Cited by 54
No Evidence of Reciprocal Associations between Daily Sleep and Physical Activity
Mitchell, J. A., Godbole, S. V., Moran, K., Murray, K. E., James, P., Laden, F., Hipp, J. A., Kerr, J., & Glanz, K. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001000 · Cited by 54
Impact of a modest delay in school start time in Hong Kong school adolescents.
Chan, N., Zhang, J.-H., Yu, M., Lam, S. P., Li, S., Kong, A., Li, A., & Wing, Y. K. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.018 · Cited by 52
Sleep, training load and performance in elite female gymnasts
Dumortier, J., Mariman, A., Boone, J., Delesie, L. M., Tobback, E., Vogelaers, D., & Bourgois, J. (2017) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1389992 · Cited by 55
Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Hale, W. J., McLean, C. P., Zandberg, L. J., Brown, L. A., Mintz, J., Young‐McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., et al. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa065 · Cited by 58
Du, C., Chong, M. H. Z., Cho, M. J., Fenton, J. I., Hsiao, P. Y., Hsiao, R., Keaver, L., Lai, C., Lee, H., Ludy, M., et al. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3010002 · Cited by 62
“05) and the proportion of students who did not meet the minimum recommended sleep duration of 7 h per day [51] (Korea vs.”
BackgroundScreen media use and sleep disturbance symptom severity in children
Hisler, G. C., Hasler, B. P., Franzen, P. L., Clark, D. B., & Twenge, J. M. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.07.002 · Cited by 61
Cienfuegos, S., Gabel, K., Kalam, F., Ezpeleta, M., Pavlou, V., Lin, S., Wiseman, E., & Varady, K. A. (2021) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060211002347 · Cited by 60
“However, our participants had a mean sleep duration of 7 h per night, which is in line with the 7 h minimum recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
ResultThorisdottir, I., Agustsson, G., Oskarsdottir, S. Y., Kristjansson, A., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., Sigfusdottir, I., Valdimarsdottir, H., Allegrante, J., & Halldorsdottir, T. (2023) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00022-6 · Cited by 42
The effect of alcohol on subsequent sleep in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gardiner, C., Weakley, J. J. S., Burke, L. M., Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Maniar, N., Huynh, M., Miller, D. J., TOWNSHEND, A. D., & Halson, S. L. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.102030 · Cited by 71
Liu, M., Liu, L., Chen, L., Yin, X., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Li, P., Wang, S., Li, X., & Cai-hong, Y. (2017) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.900101 · Cited by 60
Torstveit, M. K., Johansen, B. T., Haugland, S. H., & Stea, T. H. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13250 · Cited by 54
El‐Sheikh, M., Philbrook, L. E., Kelly, R. J., Hinnant, J. B., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz078 · Cited by 55
Chen, X., Wang, S., Li, X., Huang, Z., Tan, W., Lin, H.-C., Hou, C., & Jia, F. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02866-9 · Cited by 53
“According to recommendations from National Sleep Foundation, for adults aged from 18 to 64, the appropriate sleep duration range is 7 to 9 h per day, and for older adults who are aged over 65, it would be 7 to 8 h per day [18].”
MethodLongitudinal associations between time spent using technology and sleep duration among adolescents☆
Mazzer, K., Bauducco, S., Linton, S. J., & Boersma, K. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.004 · Cited by 53
Relationships between sleep, exercise timing, and chronotype in young adults
Glavin, E. E., Ceneus, M., Chanowitz, M., Kantilierakis, J., Mendelow, E., Mosquera, J., & Spaeth, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320926530 · Cited by 53
“Students reported sleeping 6.9 hours/night which is less than the current recommendation for young adults (7–9 hours/night) (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015b).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPrevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors among Indonesian Adolescents
Kurnianto, A., Sunjaya, D. K., Rinawan, F. R., & Hilmanto, D. (2020) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/2020/4262034 · Cited by 53
Maintaining healthy sleep patterns and frailty transitions: a prospective Chinese study
Zhu, Y., Fan, J., Lv, J., Guo, Y., Pei, P., Yang, L., Chen, Y., Du, H., Li, F., Yang, X., et al. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02557-0 · Cited by 53
“Short sleep duration was defined as 6 h/d or less, while long sleep duration was defined as 9 h or more, according to the American National Sleep Foundation [12].”
MethodTaylor, L. K., Chrismas, B. C. R., Dascombe, B. J., Chamari, K., & Fowler, P. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00083 · Cited by 60
Factors contributing to poor satisfaction with sleep and healthcare seeking behavior in older adults
Abraham, O., Pu, J., Schleiden, L. J., & Albert, S. M. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.004 · Cited by 52
Self-citationChanges in sleep habits between 1985 and 2013 among children and adolescents in Sweden
Norell-Clarke, A., & Hagquist, C. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494817732269 · Cited by 48
Lee, E., Spence, J. C., Tremblay, M. S., & Carson, V. (2018) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.02.001 · Cited by 53
Relationships between sleep duration and adolescent depression: a conceptual replication
Berger, A. T., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Widome, R. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.12.003 · Cited by 61
Associations between prenatal sleep and psychological health: a systematic review
Pauley, A. M., Moore, G. A., Mama, S. K., Molenaar, P. C. M., & Downs, D. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8248 · Cited by 53
“These recommendations also suggest that adults should not go below 6 hours or above 10 hours per night due to the increased risk of morbidity and mortality.(2,3) Although sleep duration recommendations have been set for the general population, there are no pregnancy-specific recommendations for sleep duration, quality…”
Farrahi, V., Kangas, M., Walmsley, R., Niemelä, M., Kiviniemi, A. M., Puukka, K. S., Collings, P. J., Korpelainen, R., & Jämsä, T. J. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002481 · Cited by 51
“Associations between sleep duration and cardiometabolic outcomes may be U-shaped in adults, with both short and long durations exhibiting adverse associations with cardiometabolic outcomes (4,28).”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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