The DOI matches its Crossref record; 186 of the 194 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 36 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The extent to which sleep is causally related to mental health is unclear. One way to test the causal link is to evaluate the extent to which interventions that improve sleep quality also improve mental health. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that reported the effects of an intervention that improved sleep on composite mental health, as well as on seven specific mental health difficulties. 65 trials comprising 72 interventions and N = 8608 participants were included. Improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = -0.53), depression (g+ = -0.63), anxiety (g+ = -0.51), and rumination (g+ = -0.49), as well as significant small-to-medium sized effects on stress (g+ = -0.42), and finally small significant effects on positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = -0.26). We also found a dose response relationship, in that greater improvements in sleep quality led to greater improvements in mental health. Our findings suggest that sleep is causally related to the experience of mental health difficulties. Future research might consider how interventions that improve sleep could be incorporated into mental health services, as well as the mechanisms of action that explain how sleep exerts an effect on mental health.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials found that interventions which successfully improved sleep quality produced significant improvements in subsequent mental health, with a medium-sized effect on composite mental health. The findings support a causal role for sleep in mental health difficulties and suggest sleep as a transdiagnostic treatment target.
Key findings
- Across 65 trials, 72 interventions, and N = 8608 participants, improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = −0.53, 95% CI −0.68 to −0.38), depression (g+ = −0.63), anxiety (g+ = −0.51), and rumination (g+ = −0.49), plus smaller effects on stress (g+ = −0.42) and positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = −0.26).
- A dose–response relationship was found: greater improvements in sleep quality were associated with greater improvements in mental health (B = 0.77, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.02, p < 0.001).
- Studies with a significant effect on sleep quality showed larger mental health effects (g = −0.53) than those without (g = −0.12; Q = 17.59, p < 0.001); effects were larger at shorter follow-up (<6 months, g+ = −0.60) than longer follow-up (≥6 months, g+ = −0.18; Q = 10.75, p < 0.01), and larger for clinician-delivered (g+ = −0.63) than self-administered interventions (g+ = −0.34; Q = 4.50, p < 0.05).
- Publication bias was indicated by funnel plot asymmetry (Egger’s regression = −1.09, p < 0.05); trim-and-fill adjustment reduced the composite effect to g+ = −0.35, and Orwin’s fail-safe n was 4101.
Methods
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs that tested an intervention designed to improve sleep, produced a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality versus control, and measured mental health at a later follow-up; studies were excluded if the intervention specifically targeted mental health or recruited participants under 18 years.
- Searches covered MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library, plus reference lists and trial registries, originally in May 2019 and updated in February 2021; PRISMA selection yielded 65 studies and 72 comparisons.
- Random-effects meta-analysis in R used Hedges g, I² for heterogeneity, moderation/subgroup analyses and meta-regression, Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment, and publication-bias checks including funnel plot, Egger’s test, trim-and-fill, and Orwin’s fail-safe n.
Limitations
- The paper states that relatively few studies examined long-term effects, and longer follow-ups generally showed smaller effects, likely due to diminishing intervention effects on sleep quality over time.
- The paper states that few primary studies existed for outcomes other than depression and anxiety, limiting inferences for other mental health difficulties, and that most analyses were based on CBT for insomnia; the focus on sleep quality may also have excluded studies of sleep disorders with different improvement definitions.
- Evident from the text: most included studies were at high (29, 45%) or unclear (26, 40%) risk of bias, with only 10 (15%) at low risk; main analyses showed substantial heterogeneity (I² = 76–82% for composite, depression, and anxiety), and publication bias was present, with trim-and-fill reducing the composite effect.
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Claims the paper makes
52 Own result · 25 Not checked yet · 16 Own interpretation · 13 No basis given · 5 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = −0.53), depression (g+ = −0.63), anxiety (g+ = −0.51), and rumination (g+ = −0.49), as well as significant small-to-medium sized effects on stress (g+ = −0.42), and finally small significant effects on positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = −0.26).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8,608- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“65 trials comprising 72 interventions and N = 8608 participants were included.”
- Also stated in: § Study characteristics · plain
“The 65 studies provided 72 comparisons between an intervention that successfully improved sleep quality vs. a control group.”
- Also stated in: § Study characteristics · plain
“A total of N = 8608 participants took part across the 72 interventions.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plainn = 8,608- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Study characteristics · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and now relatively homogeneous (I2 = 20%, Q = 75.24, p = 0.0888).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = −0.53), depression (g+ = −0.63), anxiety (g+ = −0.51), and rumination (g+ = −0.49), as well as significant small-to-medium sized effects on stress (g+ = −0.42), and finally small significant effects on positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = −0.26).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8,608 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = −0.53), depression (g+ = −0.63), anxiety (g+ = −0.51), and rumination (g+ = −0.49), as well as significant small-to-medium sized effects on stress (g+ = −0.42), and finally small significant effects on positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = −0.26).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8,608- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The interventions had large and statistically significant effects on sleep quality at the earliest follow-up point reported (g+ = −1.07, 95% CI = −1.26 to −0.88, p < 0.001)”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Manipulation check: did sleep quality improve significantly in the intervention group relative to controls?
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and heterogeneity was reduced to moderate levels (I2 = 43%, Q = 102.32, p < 0.001).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Manipulation check: did sleep quality improve significantly in the intervention group relative to controls?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = −0.53), depression (g+ = −0.63), anxiety (g+ = −0.51), and rumination (g+ = −0.49), as well as significant small-to-medium sized effects on stress (g+ = −0.42), and finally small significant effects on positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = −0.26).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8,608 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, there was substantial heterogeneity between the effect sizes, (I2 = 76%, Q = 291.94, p < 0.001).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on composite mental health (g+ = −0.53), depression (g+ = −0.63), anxiety (g+ = −0.51), and rumination (g+ = −0.49), as well as significant small-to-medium sized effects on stress (g+ = −0.42), and finally small significant effects on positive psychosis symptoms (g+ = −0.26).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8,608 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 18
- Probably not a substantial claim. 20
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also found a dose response relationship, in that greater improvements in sleep quality led to greater improvements in mental health.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Abstract
plaindirectn = 8,608- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After re-running the analysis with eleven outlying effect sizes removed, the effect of improving sleep on composite mental health outcomes was small-to-medium sized but still statistically significant, (g+ = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.49 to −0.34, p < 0.001)”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies that found significant effects of the intervention on sleep quality reported larger effects on subsequent composite mental health, (g = −0.53, 95% CI = −0.68 to −0.38, p < 0.001), than studies that did not find a significant effect of the intervention on sleep quality, (g = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.24 to 0.01, p = 0.0522)”
- Also stated in: § Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes · plain
“a difference that was statistically significant, (Q = 17.59, p < 0.001).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found no difference in the effect of improving sleep quality on mental health between those with clinically defined mental health difficulties and those with non-clinical experiences or between those recruited from clinical vs. community settings, with both groups receiving significant benefits of improved sleep on mental health.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Sleep as a transdiagnostic treatment target
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies reporting the effect of the intervention at shorter follow-ups reported larger improvements in sleep quality, (g = −1.03, 95% CI = −1.27 to −0.78, p < 0.001), than those reporting longer follow-ups (g = −0.44, 95% CI = −0.62 to −0.27, p < 0.001), a difference that was statistically significant, (Q = 14.38, p < 0.001).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were moderate levels of heterogeneity (I2 = 55%, Q = 11.05, p = 0.05), but there were no outlying effect sizes.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ten studies were imputed resulting in a statistically significant, small-to-medium sized adjusted effect of improving sleep on composite mental health outcomes (g+ = −0.35, 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.16, p < 0.001).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Publication bias
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health was medium-sized and statistically significant, regardless of the presence of physical and/or mental health comorbidities.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Sleep as a transdiagnostic treatment target
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were low levels of heterogeneity (I2 = 20%, Q = 1.25, p = 0.263) and no outlying effect sizes.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ten studies (15%) were judged as having low risk of bias, 29 studies (45%) were judged as high risk of bias, and 26 studies (40%) were judged as unclear.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Risk of bias assessments
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most of the analyses are based on CBT interventions for insomnia.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, to date there has been no or limited attempts to investigate variables that influence – or moderate – the impact of interventions that improve sleep on mental health.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“such that poor sleep contributes to the onset, recurrence, and maintenance of mental health difficulties [[13]∗, [14], [15]∗, [16], [17]].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [[13]∗, [14], [15]∗, [16], [17]]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“2) effects are limited to the short-term where they are likely to be strongest.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“1) there is no temporal lag between the measurement of sleep and measurement of mental health (a key tenet of causal inference);”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, poor sleep has also been associated with post-traumatic stress [25], eating disorders [26], and psychosis spectrum experiences such as delusions and hallucinations [23,27].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Harvey, 2003, Sleep and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review, Clin Psychol Rev source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The association between sleep and mental health is well documented [9,13,[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]∗].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9,13,[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]∗]
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias assessment criteria developed by the Cochrane Collaboration [60].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Method > Outcomes and prioritization
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [60] Higgins, 2011, Chapter 8: assessing risk of bias in included studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Publication bias was assessed via visual inspection of a funnel plot and Egger's test [70].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Method > Outcomes and prioritization
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [70] Egger, 1997, Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, BMJ source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies have also found that specific sleep disorders, such as sleep apnoea [28], circadian rhythm disruption [29], restless leg syndrome [30], excessive daytime sleepiness and narcolepsy [31,32], sleepwalking [33], and nightmares [34] are all more prevalent in those experiencing mental health difficulties.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Sharafkhaneh, 2005, Association of psychiatric disorders and sleep apnea in a large cohort, Sleep source
- Not checked yetcites [29] Wulff, 2010, Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease, Nat Rev Neurosci source
- Not checked yetcites [30] Picchietti, 2005, Restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements in sleep, and depression, Sleep
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, poor sleep has also been associated with post-traumatic stress [25], eating disorders [26], and psychosis spectrum experiences such as delusions and hallucinations [23,27].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Lauer, 2004, Sleep in eating disorders, Sleep Med Rev source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“We followed PRISMA guidelines [53] when selecting studies.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Method > Data management and study selection
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53] Moher, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, BMJ source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Records were screened by two members of the review team, and a sub-sample of 10% of each reviewer's records were second checked by the other reviewer, with almost perfect agreement between the reviewers (kappa = 1.00 and 0.99).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Method > Data management and study selection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Additionally, Orwin's formula [71] was used to determine the fail-safe n.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Method > Outcomes and prioritization
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Orwin, 1983, A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis, J Educ Stat
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, the focus of previous reviews has been limited to depression and anxiety only, and typically limited to CBTi interventions.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Does improving sleep lead to better mental health? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Evidence on the relationship between sleep and mental health
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conducted a sensitivity analysis examining the effect of outliers for each outcome by rerunning the analysis with any outlying effect sizes removed.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Method > Outcomes and prioritization
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, the review is the first to adopt this approach in the field of sleep and mental health”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the review was specifically designed to test the causal association between sleep and mental health (i.e., RCTs only, successful sleep improvement required, temporal lag between measures etc.).”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
plaindirectn = 8,608- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, the findings suggest that improving sleep leads to better mental health, therefore providing strong evidence that sleep plays a causal role in the experience of mental health difficulties.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“therefore improving sleep might be one tool that can be used in combination with others to limit the risk of transition.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Sleep as a transdiagnostic treatment target
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we provide an analysis of possible moderators of the effect of improving sleep on mental health, identifying several key moderators of the effect.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it provides a comprehensive and up-to-date search of RCTs examining the effect of improving sleep on a variety of subsequent mental health outcomes.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
plainn = 8,608- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the timing of sleep is particularly important in circadian rhythm disorders and daytime sleepiness is a key outcome in sleep apnoea research.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it may be that our focus on sleep quality precluded some studies that do not focus on insomnia from inclusion.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“different sleep disorders have different conceptualisations of improvement that might not include sleep quality.”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Those that did report longer follow-ups generally found smaller effects (although still statistically significant), most likely due to the diminishing effects of interventions on sleep quality over time [91].”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Discussion > Strengths and limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [91] van der Zweerde, 2019, Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a meta-analysis of long-term effects in controlled studies, Sleep Med Rev source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The interventions that successfully improved sleep quality did not improve mental health through mechanisms other than improved sleep.
“To better isolate the effect of improved sleep on mental health, we excluded interventions that included specific elements targeting mental health (e.g., CBT elements for depression).”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is aligned with evidence showing that improvements in all lifestyle domains that we targeted is associated with improvements in the QOL mental component summary measure [5, 6, 70, 81, 82].”
From Personalized machine learning guided intervention for optimizing lifestyle behaviors in depression: a pilot study (2026) · cites this paper as [82]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This finding aligns with the strong foundation in the literature that improvements in sleep, diet and exercise are linked to improvements in depression symptoms [82, 99, 100].”
From Personalized machine learning guided intervention for optimizing lifestyle behaviors in depression: a pilot study (2026) · cites this paper as [82]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Rather than suppressing distressing cognitions, ACT promotes acceptance and value-consistent action, thereby reducing the struggle that sustains insomnia-related arousal [78].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“ACT extends the principles of mindfulness by emphasizing psychological flexibility -one's capacity to tolerate aversive internal experiences, such as anxiety or wakefulness, without engaging in maladaptive control efforts [78].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [78]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis concluded that sleep improvement after different non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia is causally related to improvements in mental health [19].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Study characteristics
“sleep restriction alone (2, 3%)”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes
“| Intervention type | Sleep restriction onlyc | 1 | – | – | |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes
“a difference that was statistically significant, (Q = 17.59, p < 0.001)”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Moderators of the effect of improving sleep quality on composite mental health outcomes
“| Significant effect on sleepa | Yes | 72 | −0.53 | −0.69 to −0.38 | 17.69∗∗∗ |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
“| Anxiety | −0.51∗∗∗ | −0.77 to −0.24 | 82% | 186.92∗∗∗ | 35 | 5819 |”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
“(g+ = −0.50, 95% CI = −0.76 to −0.24, p < 0.001), with substantial levels of heterogeneity, (I2 = 82%, Q = 187.02, p < 0.001)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > Study characteristics
“33 (46%) reported a measure of anxiety”
§ Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials > Results > What effect do improvements in sleep quality have on mental health?
“| Anxiety | −0.51∗∗∗ | −0.77 to −0.24 | 82% | 186.92∗∗∗ | 35 | 5819 |”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,000
Adachi, M., Nagaura, Y., Eto, H., Kondo, H., & Kato, C. (2022) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-022-02063-0 · Cited by 4
Gibson, R. H., Akter, T., Jones, C., & Towers, A. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad042 · Cited by 4
Meeting the challenges of rising premature mortality in people with severe mental illness
Byrne, P. (2023) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.7861/fhj.2023-0035 · Cited by 4
Goodman, M. L., Lee, M., Springer, A. E., Schick, V., Vaughan, E. M., Markham, C. M., Gitari, S., & Mukiri, F. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14119 · Cited by 5
“A 2021 meta-analysis of randomised control trials in high-income countries show that improved sleep quality causally leads to improved mental health – including symptoms of depression and anxiety, and PTSD (Scott et al., 2021).”
Sleep disorders and quality of life of medical students during martial law
Огоренко, В., & Shornikov, A. (2023) · Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice · doi:10.26766/pmgp.v8i2.439 · Cited by 5
Automatic detection of sleepiness-related symptoms and syndromes using voice and speech biomarkers
Martin, V., Rouas, J.-L., & Philip, P. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.105989 · Cited by 4
Ikeda, H., & Kubo, T. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1093/joccuh/uiae009 · Cited by 5
“4,5 In addition, it was recently reported that sleep regularity is also a crucial factor linking to health issues.”
BackgroundAssociations of Anxiety, Insomnia, and Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Tobin, S. Y., Halliday, T. M., Shoaf, K., Burns, R. D., & Baron, K. G. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21040428 · Cited by 4
“It is also clear that interventions aimed at improving sleep (i.e., cognitive behavioral interventions, sleep education, yoga, etc.) reduce anxiety [6].”
BackgroundAkiyama, S., Ono, M., Ishii, Y., Kikkawa, M., Ito, S., Honyashiki, M., Tamada, Y., Takeuchi, H., Inoue, T., & Masuya, J. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.220 · Cited by 3
Wang, F., Zhang, M., Xiong, N., Huang, Y., Tang, Y., He, C., Fang, X., Fang, X., Chen, L., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12181903 · Cited by 4
“Previous studies have consistently shown that sleep-related impairment was associated with various psychosocial outcomes [73], including increased burnout [37].”
ResultA Unified Flexible Large Polysomnography Model for Sleep Staging and Downstream Clinical ScreeningPreprint
Deng, G., Niu, M., Rao, S., Luo, Y., Zhang, J., Xie, J., Yu, Z., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Zhao, S., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.24318815 · Cited by 4
Gao, Q., Yao, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, X., Gudenkauf, L. M., Xu, G., Harrison, S., Zheng, L., Wang, J., Chen, G., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1455174 · Cited by 3
Indirect Interventions: Lifestyle Options to Treat Mental Disorders
Kazdin, A. E. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13050505 · Cited by 4
“For example, individuals with insomnia are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, eating disorders, and psychosis spectrum symptoms including delusions and hallucinations [151].”
Rollinson, R., Ewing, B., Reeve, S., Graham, A., Lyons, J., Gee, B., Wilson, J., Tofan, I., Semper, K., & Clarke, T. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12531 · Cited by 3
“…the risk of self-harm and suicidality (Liu et al., 2019, 2020; Wang et al., 2019) and that behavioural sleep interventions improve mental health across multiple diagnostic presentations (Gee et al., 2019; Harvey et al., 2021; Hertenstein et al., 2022; Scott et al., 2021; Waite et al., 2023).”
Merkin, S. S., & Orenstein, L. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100445 · Cited by 4
Wang, W., Yao, M., Li, S., Lv, Y., Yao, L., Fan, Y., Wang, Y., & Pang, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-00367-x · Cited by 5
Braunecker, B. J., Smith, D., Dodoo, C., Schwedt, T. J., & Chong, C. D. (2025) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.14971 · Cited by 3
“34 Furthermore, anxiety and depression within the first 2 weeks following a mTBI predicts persistent post-concussive symptoms.”
Vivaldi, G., Talaei, M., Blaikley, J., Jackson, C., Pfeffer, P., Shaheen, S. O., & Martineau, A. R. (2025) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002506 · Cited by 3
Elfahl, A. М., & Elfeky, H. M. (2025) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.06.015 · Cited by 3
Apriliyasari, R. W., Liu, J.-W., Chou, C.-W., Chen, J., & Tsai, P. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000681 · Cited by 3
“Adequate sleep is crucial to maintaining cognitive capabilities, emotional stability, and general health (Scott et al., 2021).”
Waite, F., Evans, S., Rebello, A., Sharpe, T., Otaiku, J., Iredale, E., Kabir, T., Černis, E., & Freeman, D. H. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.70002 · Cited by 3
“There are potential wider effects on a range of other mental health outcomes (Freeman et al., 2017; Scott et al., 2021).”
Gonçalves, S. D. (2025) · Exploration of Medicine · doi:10.37349/emed.2025.1001355 · Cited by 4
Kader, S. B., Shakurun, N., Mumin, J., & Noor, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1632239 · Cited by 3
Xu, H., Li, X., & Liu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1681404 · Cited by 4
“An increasing number of studies have emphasized that improving sleep quality can signi fi cantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety (40 – 42).”
Oleas, D., Alvarado-Zurita, P., Briones, E., Terranova, E., Soria-Miranda, N., & Rodas, J. A. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15111553 · Cited by 3
“Adequate sleep is therefore essential for daytime performance and nighttime restoration (Scott et al., 2021).”
Filmer, S., & Maidment, I. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-25261-4 · Cited by 4
“Contrary to the negative views around sleep-hygiene advice in this research, advising on sleep-hygiene has been associated with improved mental health outcomes 75 .”
Periañez, C. A. H., Jaramillo-Bolívar, C. D., & Castillo-Díaz, M. A. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-04044-2 · Cited by 4
Castelli, L., Galasso, L., Borrelli, M., Esposito, F., Caumo, A., Michielon, G., Roveda, E., & Montaruli, A. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25951-8 · Cited by 3
“A recent meta-analysis has supported a causal relationship between sleep and psychological well-being, suggesting that improvements in sleep quality can reduce the severity of mental health symptoms, including stress, depression, and anxiety, particularly in non-clinical populations [55].”
Liu, S., Luo, Y., Cai, J., Wang, Y., Rong, J., Mo, X., Liang, Y., Ye, Z., Tang, X. G., Niu, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141078 · Cited by 3
Hisamuddin, A. S., Ramli, F., Leo, T. K., Zain, M. S. C., Wong, M. S., Suhaili, M. R., Lee, L. J., & Lee, T. Y. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71193 · Cited by 3
“Individuals experiencing depression, fatigue, and lack of sleep often struggle to cope, resulting in a diminished quality of life, and many still lack access to effective care (Hohls et al. 2021 ; Scott et al. 2021 ; World Health Organization 2025 ; Wang et al. 2007 ).”
Petersen, S. M., Ibsen, D. B., & Andersen, A. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-026-01875-x · Cited by 3
“Another strength of the present study is the mediation analyses, examining the indirect effects of insomnia and physical activity, rather than the direct effects as in several other studies [ 8 , 50 ].”
Hsu, C. C., Su, C. S., & Su, C. L. (2023) · Working with Older People · doi:10.1108/wwop-02-2023-0002 · Cited by 4
Sarfan, L. D., Agnew, E. R., Diaz, M., Cogan, A. B., Spencer, J. M., Hache, R. E., Stirman, S. W., Lewis, C. C., Kilbourne, A. M., & Harvey, A. G. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07900-1 · Cited by 4
Health Behaviors and Health Status in Couples Experiencing Pandemic Stress
Meyer, D. D., Ferber, M. F., Chen, S., Keyvani, S., Samanta, J., Stratman, H., & Wang, W. (2024) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807241226697 · Cited by 3
“A host of research supports sleep (Scott et al., 2021), exercise (Singh et al., 2023), and diet (Firth et al., 2020) improves mental health.”
BackgroundKendzerska, T., Radhakrishnan, D., Amin, R., Narang, I., Boafo, A., Robillard, R., Talarico, R., Blinder, H., Spitale, N., & Katz, S. L. (2024) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202311-933oc · Cited by 3
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“Good sleep quality is linked with better cognitive activity and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health (Matricciani et al., 2018; Scott et al., 2021).”
Brown, A. D., Dowling, J., Verma, S., Gibson, R., Valenta, T., Piestch, A., Cavuoto, M., McCurry, S. M., Bei, B., Woodward, M., et al. (2024) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012241282769 · Cited by 4
“Addressing sleep issues in people living with dementia and carepartners is crucial, given sleep ’ s protective role in health, quality of life, and cognitive functioning (Gao et al., 2019; Scott et al., 2021).”
Zapata‐Lamana, R., Robles-Campos, A., Reyes‐Molina, D., Rojas-Bravo, J., Salcedo, P., Chávez-Castillo, Y., Aguayo, J. G., Valdebenito-Villalobos, J., Arias, A. M., Sanhueza-Campos, C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1438555 · Cited by 10
“Additionally, behavioral and lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, fi tness (Andermo et al., 2020; Poitras et al., 2016; Rodriguez-Ayllon et al., 2019), sleep quality (Scott et al., 2021), and diet (G łą bska et al., 2020), are associated with mental health.”
BackgroundChoukas, N. R., Woodworth, E. C., Manglani, H. R., Greenberg, J., & Mace, R. A. (2024) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2024.2401457 · Cited by 3
“In a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting sleep quality in clinical and non-clinical populations, Scott et al. (2021) showed that improving sleep had beneficial effects on a wide range of mental health outcomes, depression, and anxiety symptoms.”
Peng, Y.-X., & Chang, W. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1093/joccuh/uiae058 · Cited by 3
Zhong, Z., Chen, S., Zhang, X., Chen, H., & Li, L. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20658-8 · Cited by 3
Xu, L., Peng, A., Li, L., & Chen, L. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-07005-w · Cited by 3
Psychological stress among hypertensive male patients in Jordan: prevalence and associated factors
Aldirawi, A., Alhalaiqa, F., Alwawi, A. A., & Abuzerr, S. S. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20733-0 · Cited by 8
“Additionally, stressful home environments, along with inadequate sleeping patterns, are strongly associated with increased psychological stress levels [54, 55].”
Fonkoue, I. T., Silva, M., Racette, S. B., Safo, S. E., Fuentes, L. D. L., Lowe, D. A., Ebong, I., Buysse, D. J., Reís, S. E., & Saeed, A. (2025) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000002461 · Cited by 3
Castillo, A. L., Villaflores, O. B., Kuroki, Y., Wada, A. M., Zhu, X., Cabatit, K. A., Garcia, J. J., Martin, J., & Vasquez, R. D. (2025) · Phytomedicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100770 · Cited by 3
Fritz, R., & Cook, D. J. (2025) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/69052 · Cited by 3
“Decreased physical activity and social interaction increase the risk for poor mental health [45], dementia [46], cardiovascular disease, and cancer care outcomes [44].”
Sezer, B., Ntoumanis, N., Riddell, H., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2025) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2025.2491593 · Cited by 4
Mirzaei, A., Valizadeh, L., Imashi, R., Saghezchi, R. Y., & Nemati‐Vakilabad, R. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-96728-7 · Cited by 3
Food Insecurity and Mental Health: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Chai, L. (2025) · Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie · doi:10.1111/cars.70009 · Cited by 3
de Holanda, G. A., de Holanda, T. A., & Casarin, M. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106681 · Cited by 3
Alodhialah, A. M., & Almutairi, M. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03944-7 · Cited by 3
“Framing benefits in immediate terms—sleep quality, mood, appetite, BP stability—can reorient perceived payoff from abstract to tangible, an approach aligned with effective self-management pedagogy [30, 31].”
Capacho, E. E. R., Bossa, C. P. D., Campos, M. D. C., Rincon-Yanez, D., Navia, H. J. R., & Bianchini, E. M. G. (2025) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108460 · Cited by 3
Tan, S., & Şekercioğlu, F. (2022) · International Health Trends and Perspectives · doi:10.32920/ihtp.v2i3.1662 · Cited by 3
Derbyshire, E. J., Bond, T., & Ellis, J. (2023) · Nutrition and Food Technology Open Access · doi:10.16966/2470-6086.182 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, a recent meta-analysis of 65 trials consisting of 72 interventions and a sample size of 8608 adults identified a dose response relationship between greater improvements in sleep quality in relation to better mental health [18].”
MethodThe Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality and Burnout Toward Work Engagement among Healthcare Worker
Darydzaky, A. N., & Desiana, P. M. (2023) · Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management · doi:10.20473/jmtt.v16i1.41036 · Cited by 3
Spadola, C., Groton, D. B., Cosenzo, L. G., Fantus, S., Hilditch, C. J., Burke, S. L., Littlewood, K., Bertisch, S. M., & Zhou, E. S. (2023) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2023.2204125 · Cited by 4
“Importantly, practicing healthy sleep behaviors has been associated with improvements in mental health outcomes, including self-regulation and depressive symptoms (Barber et al., 2014; Peach et al., 2016; Scott, 2021).”
Delrosso, L., Bruni, O., Mogavero, M., Fickensher, A., Schenck, C., & Ferri, R. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00599-7 · Cited by 3
“Although improving sleep quality with cognitive behavioural interventions has demonstrated a significant positive effect on mental health [30], studies correlating changes in PSG sleep parameters and clinical changes in depression/anxiety are sparse [31].”
BackgroundMartin, V., Ferron, A., Rouas, J.-L., & Philip, P. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096193 · Cited by 3
“Sleepiness is a complex psychophysiological phenomenon that has negative consequences on both personal and public health and increases the risk of disability and mortality [1].”
Burns, R. D., Bilić, A., Bai, Y., Brusseau, T. A., Lucero, J. E., & Jensen, J. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168702 · Cited by 3
Harding, A. B., Ramirez, M. R., Ryan, A. D., Xiong, B. N., Rosebush, C. E., & Woods-Jaeger, B. A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20176698 · Cited by 3
“Conversely, a 2021 meta-analysis of randomized control trials found that improving sleep led to better quality mental health [45].”
BackgroundTkachenko, V. I., & Bagro, T. (2023) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.19.5.2023.1299 · Cited by 3
“It is known that the psycho-emotional state affects the quality of sleep and eating behavior of patients [39].”
BackgroundPrediction of Sleep Health Status, Visualization and Analysis of Data
Taşpınar, Y. S., & Çınar, İ. (2023) · Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Technologies · doi:10.58190/icat.2023.13 · Cited by 3
Tari, B., Yehuda, M. B., Laurell, A. A. S., Ritchie, K. A., Dauvilliers, Y. A., Ritchie, C. W., LAWLOR, B. A., Naçi, L., Terrera, G. M., Malhotra, P., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2023.1226824 · Cited by 3
“First, literature has previously demonstrated a link between sleep and depression (Scott et al., 2021; Joo et al., 2022).”
Quality Trumps Quantity: Exploring Relationships between Job Quality, Job Quantity, and Sleep
Guo, Y., & Wang, S. (2024) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231241234471 · Cited by 4
“The relationship between sleep quality and mental health is well established, and sleep quality is a critical component of mental health due to the profound impact that sleep has on various cognitive, emotional, and physiological functions (Freeman et al. 2017; Scott et al. 2021).”
Pedroni, G., Camerini, A.-L., on behalf of the Corona Immunitas Ticino Study Group, Albanese, E., Amati, R., Amendola, A., Annoni, A. M., Baqaj, G., Bezani, K., Buttaroni, P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02263-6 · Cited by 5
“Several studies have shown that sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality can increase the risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder (Benca et al. 1992; Baglioni et al. 2011; Ghrouz et al. 2019; Scott et al. 2021).”
Walker, K., Griffiths, C., Yates, J., Birkett-Swan, L., Hina, F., & Ang, C. S. (2024) · Advances in Aging Research · doi:10.4236/aar.2024.133004 · Cited by 3
“Effective sleep has significant positive effects on composite mental health: reducing depression, anxiety, rumination, stress, and psychotic symptoms; there is a dose response showing that greater improvements in sleep quality leads to greater improvements in mental health [21].”
BackgroundEsagoff, A. I., Shaw, J. S., Bray, M. J. C., Raj, D., Vankara, A., Narapareddy, B. R., Bernick, C. B., & Peters, M. E. (2024) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2024.2364027 · Cited by 3
“A recent meta-analysis found that improving sleep led to a significant medium-sized effect on depression and composite mental health (Scott et al., 2021).”
Psychologists’ Role in Promoting Brain Health Equity in an Aging and Increasingly Diverse Society
Dotson, V. M., & Levy, S.-A. T. (2024) · Journal of Health Service Psychology · doi:10.1007/s42843-024-00112-4 · Cited by 3
“Sufficient good-quality sleep, usually considered an average of seven to eight hours per night, is associated with better cognitive performance across the lifespan, lower depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a lower risk for dementia (Gao et al., 2021; Scott et al., 2021).”
Fung, H. W., Ling, H. W.-H., Lam, K. S., Wong, M. Y. C., Chau, A. K. C., Hau, A. Y. M., & Wong, J. Y. H. (2024) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100444 · Cited by 4
Anxiety in emerging adults: The role of chronotype, emotional competence, and sleep quality
Morris, S. M., & Kountouriotis, G. (2024) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2024.2429661 · Cited by 4
“…and Alvaro et al. (2014) findings above, together with findings that sleep improvement interventions had a significant effect on reducing anxiety (Scott et al. 2021), that bringing forward later chronotypes’ sleep timings denoted significant improvements in stress (Facer-Childs et al. 2019), and…”
InfluentialDetecting Subtle Signs of School Attendance Issues Using Smartphone-Based Sensing
Erdélyi, V., Mizumoto, T., Kitai, Y., Ishimaru, D., Adachi, H., Teruo Higashino, Y., & Ikeda, M. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3523108 · Cited by 3
“While this subjective self-evaluation is imperfect, it is regularly used in medical counseling, and the relationship between subjective sleep quality and mental health has been explored extensively in the literature [29], [30], [31].”
Verlinden, J. J., Moloney, M., Vsevolozhskaya, O. A., Whitehurst, L. N., & Weafer, J. J. (2025) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.001 · Cited by 5
Handique, S., & Jang, S. (2025) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2025.2451068 · Cited by 3
“Review studies conducted with older adults have revealed the pervasive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across various dimensions of their lives, including health behaviors, access to healthcare, social engagement, and financial stability (Robinson et al., 2022; Scott et al., 2021).”
Cahill, H., Egan, J., & Egan, C. (2025) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2024.2448424 · Cited by 3
“Scott et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials and found that improving sleep had beneficial effects on mental health regardless of the severity of the conditions.”
InfluentialSuicidality in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: Sleep the Unexplored Connection?
Richdale, A. L., Morris, E. M. J., & Lawson, L. P. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3306 · Cited by 4
“Meta-analysis of non-autistic samples shows that treatments which promote sleep quality are associated with improved mental health, anxiety, depression, stress, and psychosis symptoms (Scott et al. 2021).”
Davis, K. M., Shields, G. S., Slavich, G. M., & Zilioli, S. (2025) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaf013 · Cited by 3
Tan, L. O., Chia, M. S., Tok, N. Y. Y., Yoon, S., Fadziulah, E. N., Koon, T. H. P., Chan, C. M. F., Wang, C., Tan, S. R. F., & Chan, Y. H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22281-7 · Cited by 3
“For example, experimentally induced sleep deprivation is adversely linked to poorer emotion regulation [36].”
Sleep health and occupational balance in university students in Singapore
Yeh, I.-L., Liong, K., Rahim, N. S. B. A., Deivakumar, M., Wen, J. L. R., Wei, Z. L., Kamsari, N. A. B., Rohani, M. N. M. B., Tan, H. M., Tan, M., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/03080226251330754 · Cited by 4
“These findings align with existing literature and emphasise the crucial role of sleep in maintaining mental health and well-being (Armand et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2023; Dunleavy et al., 2019; Scott et al., 2021; Tay et al., 2024).”
The influence of physical activity on sleep quality in people living with HIV: A scoping review
Cordeiro, J. F. C., dos Anjos, J. R. C., Bohn, L., Brilhadori, J., de Moraes, C. A. L. C., Andaki, A. C. R., Mendes, E. L., Mota, J. A. P. S., Machado, D. R. L., Correia, I. M., et al. (2025) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2025.2490656 · Cited by 3
“Evidence suggests a causal relationship between sleep quality and mental health, where sleep deprivation is associated with psychological difficulties (Cordeiro et al., 2024; Scott et al., 2021).”
Mohamed, N. A., Mohamud, R. Y. H., Hilowle, F., Ali, T., Mohamed, Y. A., Gabow, A. A., Mohamed, H., Sidow, N. O., Hassan, M. S., & Waberi, M. (2025) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s533810 · Cited by 3
“53 While improving sleep may enhance psychological well-being, 54 paradoxically, acute lack of sleep can sometimes reduce depressive symptoms, highlighting the complex and nuanced interaction between sleep and mood disorders.”
Duffy, J., Cohen, L. G., & Chaoul, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00025-4 · Cited by 3
CBT‐I Protocol for Insomnia Co‐morbid with Affective Disorders
Blom, K., & Jernelöv, S. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch12 · Cited by 3
Tomczak, T., & Rogalski, J. K. (2024) · Current Problems of Psychiatry · doi:10.12923/2353-8627/2024-0009 · Cited by 2
Sleep disorder experienced by healthcare nurses after terminating Zero-COVID-19 policy
Su, M., Feng, M., Pan, W., Huang, X., Pan, L., Zhu, Y., Wang, L., Mofatteh, M., Dmytriw, A. A., Liang, D., et al. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02145-y · Cited by 2
“Therefore, improving sleep quality is crucial, especially among healthcare workers, to improve their mental health, job satisfaction and ultimately delivering the best patient care possible [10].”
BackgroundClimate Change, Sleep, and Mental Health
Wallace, D. A., & Johnson, D. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56736-0_7 · Cited by 2
Fu, Z., Miao, X., Luo, X., Yuan, L., Xie, Y., & Huang, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1484777 · Cited by 3
Labrecque, R. M., Lindquist, C., Tueller, S., Tucker, W., & Allen, A. L. (2024) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2024.2425671 · Cited by 2
“8 Scholarship on sleep and its impacts often rely on these three metrics, which support their inclusion as objective markers of sleep quality (Scott et al., 2021; Shrivastava et al., 2014).”
Sezer, B., Gucciardi, D. F., Ntoumanis, N., & Riddell, H. (2025) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2025.2458871 · Cited by 2
Shuhe granule for insomnia: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Gao, Y., Chen, X., Li, Y., Shen, Y., Chen, X., Xu, Q., Peng, M., Xu, W. R., Yuan, J., Hu, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1542897 · Cited by 2
Tang, N., Xie, L., Pei, M., Wang, J., Hu, J., & Gao, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316771 · Cited by 3
“When patients experience severe negative emotions, they may encounter difficulties falling asleep, insomnia, and early morning awakening; sleep disorders can affect memory, judgment, and lead to ner-vousness, and in severe cases, cause anxiety and depression [39].”
Beneath the Surface: Mental Health in Commercial Fisheries
Roome, A. B., Gertz, K., Pain, M., Sulman, H. B., Graham, J., Quinn, B., Weil, R., Kincl, L. D., Dzugan, J., McCue, L. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Agromedicine · doi:10.1080/1059924x.2025.2485930 · Cited by 3
“10,11 In response to these concerns, this study that collected self-reported information on health, sleep, activity, substance use, and PTSD through surveys determined probable PTSD rates in US commercial fishermen and assessed factors that influence PTSD outcomes and symptom severity.”
Morrison, P. K., Lowe, A., & Obonyo, E. (2025) · Housing and Society · doi:10.1080/08882746.2025.2493034 · Cited by 2
“It is also well known that sleep and mental health problems have a reciprocal relationship – with poor-quality sleep exacerbating mental health symptoms and vice versa (Scott et al., 2021).”
Michaels, V. R., Boucsein, A., Haszard, J. J., Galland, B. C., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Zhou, Y., Jones, S., Paul, R. G., Wiltshire, E. J., Jefferies, C., et al. (2025) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70093 · Cited by 2
Sleep Characteristics in Individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Crews-Stowe, C., Tudini, F. T., Jung, M., Forman, J., Riley, B. A., Eton, S., & Levine, D. F. (2025) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci13030085 · Cited by 2
“It is known within the literature that EDS and sleep separately have profound impacts on psychological well-being [31,32].”
Rao, W., D’Arcy, C., & Su, Y. (2025) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2025.2528528 · Cited by 2
“A meta-analysis comprising 65 randomized controlled trials (RCT) also demonstrated the causality be-tween sleep and the experience of mental health difficulties (Scott et al., 2021).”
Folwarski, M., Maciejewska-Cebulak, M., Sumlet, M., Kwella, B., Balul, G., Matras, P., Bartoszewska, L., Frankiewicz, M., Pęksa, R., Schneider, S. M., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.022 · Cited by 2
Association between sleep problems and depressive symptoms among small-scale miners in Ghana
Nyaaba, E., Sefa, E. A. O., Epis, V. F., Guodaar, L., & Gyasi, R. M. (2025) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2025.100112 · Cited by 2
Sleep Hygiene, Sleep Quality, and Psychological Stress Among Adults With Cardiovascular Risk
Liu, X., Li, J., Hu, J., Fletcher, J., Commodore-Mensah, Y. Y., & Himmelfarb, C. D. (2025) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.70018 · Cited by 3
“Clinical trials indicate that sleep promotion interventions lead to significant small ‐ to ‐ medium ‐ sized effects in reducing psychological stress (Scott et al. 2021).”
Ogbenna, B. T., Gaston, S. A., Zhou, W., Payne, C., Jackson, W. B., & Jackson, C. L. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-41318-4 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, A. J., Webb, T. L., Martyn-St James, M., Rowse, G., & Weich, S.
- Affiliations
- Keele University (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, Alexander J.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 60
- Pages
- 101556
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8651630
- OpenAlex
- W3203364067
- Cited by
- 1,094
- References
- 194
- Citations by year
- 2026: 226 · 2025: 349 · 2024: 275 · 2023: 190 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 21.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Keele Research Repository (Keele University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research for Patient Benefit Programme (PB-PG- 0817-20027)
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- sleep quality, mental health, sleep interventions, depression, anxiety, rumination, stress, psychotic symptoms, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Humans, Mental Health, Psychotic Disorders, Sleep, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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