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Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils
Abstract
Biochar produced during pyrolysis of biomass has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. In order to evaluate the effect of four different biochar additions on the emission of the greenhouse gases CO2 and N2O, two incubation experiments were established in a temperate sandy loam soil. Digestate, a waste-product of the wet fermentation of swine manure, and willow wood was slowly pyrolyzed at 350 °C and 700 °C, yielding four biochar types (DS350, DS700, WS350 and WS700). In the first incubation experiment (117 days), C mineralization was monitored in soil amended with biochar at a quantity of 10 Mg ha−1 on an area-basis (biochar to soil ratio of 1:69 on a mass basis) at 50% water filled pore space (WFPS). CO2 emissions from the 350 °C biochar treatments were significantly higher than the control (no biochar) treatment, while we observed no significantly different net C mineralization in the treatments with the 700 °C biochars compared to the control. After fitting a combined zero- plus first-order model to the cumulative C mineralization data, the parameter for the easily mineralizable C pool (CAf) positively correlated with the volatile matter (VM) contents of the biochars. Microbial biomass carbon consistently increased due to all biochar additions, while the dehydrogenase activity increased in the 350 °C biochar treatments but decreased in the 700 °C biochar treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the extracted phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) demonstrated that divergent microbial community structures established after the addition of all biochars. The markers for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were more abundant in the 350 °C biochar treatments compared to the control and to the other biochar treatments. Net N mineralization was higher in the digestate biochar treatments than in the willow biochar treatments and decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures and increasing C:N ratio. In a second incubation experiment (15 days) N2O emissions were measured at WFPS of 70% and the same biochars were added in the same quantity as for C mineralization, with the addition of 40 mg KNO3–N kg−1. The cumulative N2O emission after 15 days was positively correlated with the volatile matter content of the biochars and was significantly lower in the 700 °C biochar treatments compared to the control, while no significant differences were found for the 350 °C biochar treatments. This study suggests that volatile matter content could be an important property of biochars in explaining short-term CO2 and N2O emissions from biochar-amended soils.
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“Ameloot et al. (2013) and Mierzwa-Hersztek et al. (2016) showed that biochar amendment caused an increase in the activity of dehydrogenase and urease in soil.”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Ameloot et al. 2013
In the citing paper
“In another study, a significant 29% increase in microbial biomass carbon in response to willow wood biochar amendment produced at 700 °C in sandy loam soil was reported (Ameloot et al., 2013).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Ameloot et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“Some other studies also reported that biochars produced through a slow pyrolysis process at temperature of >500 °C from various feedstocks with lower ligno-cellulosic contents (i.e., manure, fruit peels, leaf litter) resulted in greater microbial biomass in biochar-amended soils (Ameloot et al., 2013;Domene et al., 2014;Luo et al., 2013).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Ameloot et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“For instance, addition of biochar (5 and 10 t ha -1 ) in an Inceptisol increased the dehydrogenase and urease activity by 19 and 44%, respectively (Ameloot et al. 2013;Mierzwa-Hersztek et al. 2016).”
From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Ameloot et al. 2013
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ameloot, N., De Neve, S., Jegajeevagan, K., Yildiz, G., Buchan, D., Funkuin, Y. N., Prins, W., Bouckaert, L., & Sleutel, S.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Ameloot, Nele
- Venue
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 57
- Pages
- 401-410
- ISSN
- 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103119123
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 22.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- FWO (3G010008)
- BOF-UGent (01J16907)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Keywords
- CO2 emissions, nitrous oxide emissions, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, sandy loam soil, soil carbon mineralization, digestate, willow wood, pyrolysis temperature, microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, phospholipid fatty acids, microbial community structure, net nitrogen mineralization, C/N ratio, volatile matter, soil incubation, pig manure
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