Cited by 247Advancements in Transdermal Drug DeliveryQuantum Dots Synthesis And PropertiesNanoparticles: synthesis and applications

Biological interactions of quantum dot nanoparticles in skin and in human epidermal keratinocytes

ZHANG, L, YU, W, COLVIN, V, MONTEIRORIVIERE, N·2008·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Abstract

Quantum dots nanoparticles have novel optical properties for biomedical applications and electronics, but little is known about their skin permeability and interaction with cells. QD621 are nail-shaped nanoparticles that contain a cadmium/selenide core with a cadmium sulfide shell coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and are soluble in water. QD were topically applied to porcine skin flow-through diffusion cells to assess penetration at 1 microM, 2 microM and 10 microM for 24 h. QD were also studied in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) to determine cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential. Confocal microscopy depicted the penetration of QD621 through the uppermost stratum corneum (SC) layers of the epidermis and fluorescence was found primarily in the SC and near hair follicles. QD were found in the intercellular lipid bilayers of the SC by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis for cadmium (Cd) and fluorescence for QD both did not detect Cd nor fluorescence signal in the perfusate at any time point or concentration. In HEK, viability decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 1.25 nM to 10 nM after 24 h and 48 h. There was a significant increase in IL-6 at 1.25 nM to 10 nM, while IL-8 increased from 2.5 nM to 10 nM after 24 h and 48 h. TEM of HEK treated with 10 nM of QD621 at 24 h depicted QD in cytoplasmic vacuoles and at the periphery of the cell membranes. These results indicate that porcine skin penetration of QD621 is minimal and limited primarily to the outer SC layers, yet if the skin were damaged allowing direct QD exposure to skin or keratinocytes, an inflammatory response could be initiated.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.022

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  • Due to their small sizes, nanoparticles are highly advantageous for ultraviolet (UV) protection.

    “Due to their small sizes, nanoparticles are highly advantageous for ultraviolet (UV) protection.”

    From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]

  • These sunscreen formulations have disadvantages such as the need for a greasy medium for breakdown, the production of chalky white skin residues, and the appearance of a thick, dense consistency.

    “Nevertheless, these formulations do have certain disadvantages such as the need for a greasy medium for breakdown, the production of chalky white skin residues, and the appearance of a thick, dense consistency [77].”

    From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]

  • Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can scatter, absorb, or reflect ultraviolet light.

    “These compounds can scatter, absorb, or reflect ultraviolet light.”

    From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]

  • At the nanoscale, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide have an altered composition, giving them an undetectable appearance and better cosmetic results.

    “Their composition is altered at the nanoscale, giving them an undetectable appearance and better cosmetic results.”

    From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]

  • Sunscreen can now be made transparent instead of white by using micro- and nano-sized UV filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

    “So, sunscreen can now be made transparent instead of white by using micro-and nano-sized UV filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.”

    From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]

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Authors
ZHANG, L., YU, W., COLVIN, V, & MONTEIRORIVIERE, N.
Affiliations
  • North Carolina State University (US)
  • Rice University (US)
Venue
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-04-15
Volume
228
Issue
2
Pages
200-211
ISSN
0041-008X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2084912727
Cited by
247
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 31
FWCI
20.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Keywords
quantum dots, cadmium selenide nanoparticles, skin permeation, stratum corneum, human epidermal keratinocytes, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, inflammation, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cadmium release, topical application, nanoparticle toxicity
MeSH terms
Epidermal Cells, Animals, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Epidermis, Fluorescence, Fluorometry, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Interleukins, Particle Size, Polyethylene Glycols, Swine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Keratinocytes, Microscopy, Confocal, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Receptor, EphA3, Quantum Dots, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Nanoparticles

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