Biological interactions of quantum dot nanoparticles in skin and in human epidermal keratinocytes
Abstract
Quantum dots nanoparticles have novel optical properties for biomedical applications and electronics, but little is known about their skin permeability and interaction with cells. QD621 are nail-shaped nanoparticles that contain a cadmium/selenide core with a cadmium sulfide shell coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and are soluble in water. QD were topically applied to porcine skin flow-through diffusion cells to assess penetration at 1 microM, 2 microM and 10 microM for 24 h. QD were also studied in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) to determine cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential. Confocal microscopy depicted the penetration of QD621 through the uppermost stratum corneum (SC) layers of the epidermis and fluorescence was found primarily in the SC and near hair follicles. QD were found in the intercellular lipid bilayers of the SC by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis for cadmium (Cd) and fluorescence for QD both did not detect Cd nor fluorescence signal in the perfusate at any time point or concentration. In HEK, viability decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 1.25 nM to 10 nM after 24 h and 48 h. There was a significant increase in IL-6 at 1.25 nM to 10 nM, while IL-8 increased from 2.5 nM to 10 nM after 24 h and 48 h. TEM of HEK treated with 10 nM of QD621 at 24 h depicted QD in cytoplasmic vacuoles and at the periphery of the cell membranes. These results indicate that porcine skin penetration of QD621 is minimal and limited primarily to the outer SC layers, yet if the skin were damaged allowing direct QD exposure to skin or keratinocytes, an inflammatory response could be initiated.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Due to their small sizes, nanoparticles are highly advantageous for ultraviolet (UV) protection.
“Due to their small sizes, nanoparticles are highly advantageous for ultraviolet (UV) protection.”
From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
These sunscreen formulations have disadvantages such as the need for a greasy medium for breakdown, the production of chalky white skin residues, and the appearance of a thick, dense consistency.
“Nevertheless, these formulations do have certain disadvantages such as the need for a greasy medium for breakdown, the production of chalky white skin residues, and the appearance of a thick, dense consistency [77].”
From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can scatter, absorb, or reflect ultraviolet light.
“These compounds can scatter, absorb, or reflect ultraviolet light.”
From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
At the nanoscale, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide have an altered composition, giving them an undetectable appearance and better cosmetic results.
“Their composition is altered at the nanoscale, giving them an undetectable appearance and better cosmetic results.”
From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
Sunscreen can now be made transparent instead of white by using micro- and nano-sized UV filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
“So, sunscreen can now be made transparent instead of white by using micro-and nano-sized UV filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.”
From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
As physical sunscreens, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can filter out type A and type B UV rays.
“As physical sunscreens they can filter out type A and type B UV rays.”
From AN OVERVIEW OF NEW TRENDS IN THE COSMETICS INDUSTRY (2025) · cites this paper as [77]
Cites
Mosmann, T. (1983) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4 · Cited by 56,104 · see citing works
Quantum Dots for Live Cells, in Vivo Imaging, and Diagnostics
Michalet, X., Pinaud, F. F., Bentolila, L. A., Tsay, J. M., Doose, S., Li, J. J., Sundaresan, G., Wu, A. M., Gambhir, S. S., & Weiss, S. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104274 · Cited by 7,794 · see citing works
Quantum Dot Bioconjugates for Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection
Chan, W. C. W., & Nie, S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2016 · Cited by 7,284 · see citing works
Experimental Determination of the Extinction Coefficient of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS Nanocrystals
Yu, W. W., Qu, L., Guo, W., & Peng, X. (2003) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm034081k · Cited by 4,997 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots
Gao, X., Cui, Y., Levenson, R. M., Chung, L. W. K., & Nie, S. (2004) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt994 · Cited by 4,775 · see citing works
Probing the Cytotoxicity of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Derfus, A. M., Chan, W. C. W., & Bhatia, S. N. (2003) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0347334 · Cited by 3,394 · see citing works
Wu, X., Liu, H., Liu, J., Haley, K. N., Treadway, J. A., Larson, J., Ge, N., Peale, F., & Bruchez, M. P. (2002) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt764 · Cited by 2,506 · see citing works
A Toxicologic Review of Quantum Dots: Toxicity Depends on Physicochemical and Environmental Factors
Hardman, R. C. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8284 · Cited by 2,304 · see citing works
Water-Soluble Quantum Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo
Larson, D. R., Zipfel, W. R., Williams, R. M., Clark, S. W., Bruchez, M. P., Wise, F. W., & Webb, W. W. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083780 · Cited by 2,290 · see citing works
Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping
Kim, S., Lim, Y. T., Soltesz, E. G., Grand, A. M. D., Lee, J., Nakayama, A., Parker, J. A., Mihaljevic, T., Laurence, R. G., Dor, D. M., et al. (2003) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt920 · Cited by 2,087 · see citing works
Cytotoxicity of Colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticles
Kirchner, C., Liedl, T., Kudera, S., Pellegrino, T., Muñoz Javier, A., Gaub, H. E., Stölzle, S., Fertig, N., & Parak, W. J. (2005) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl047996m · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
Li, J. J., Wang, Y. A., Guo, W., Keay, J. C., Mıshıma, T. D., Johnson, M. B., & Peng, X. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0363563 · Cited by 1,565 · see citing works
Noninvasive Imaging of Quantum Dots in Mice
Ballou, B. T., Lagerholm, B. C., Ernst, L. A., Bruchez, M. P., & Waggoner, A. S. (2003) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc034153y · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Hoshino, A., Fujioka, K., Oku, T., Suga, M., Sasaki, Y. F., Ohta, T., Yasuhara, M., Suzuki, K. T., & Yamamoto, K. (2004) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl048715d · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Differences in subcellular distribution and toxicity of green and red emitting CdTe quantum dots
Lovrić, J., Bazzi, H. S., Cuie, Y., Fortin, G. R. A., Winnik, F. M., & Maysinger, D. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-004-0629-x · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes
Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Nemanich, R. J., Inman, A. O., Wang, Y. Y., & Riviere, J. E. (2004) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.004 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Self-citationPradhan, N. C., Goorskey, D. J., Thessing, J., & Peng, X. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja055557z · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles
Álvarez-Román, R., Naik, A., Kalia, Y. N., Guy, R. H., & Fessi, H. (2004) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.06.015 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Synthesis of monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystals by thermal decomposition of iron carboxylate salts
Yu, W. W., Falkner, J. C., Yavuz, C. T., & Colvin, V. L. (2004) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/b409601k · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-Term Exposure to CdTe Quantum Dots Causes Functional Impairments in Live Cells
Cho, S. J., Maysinger, D., Jain, M., Röder, B., Hackbarth, S., & Winnik, F. M. (2007) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la060093j · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Manna, S. K., Sarkar, S., Barr, J., Wise, K., Barrera, E. V., Jejelowo, O., Rice-Ficht, A. C., & Ramesh, G. T. (2005) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0507966 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Intracellular Delivery of Quantum Dots for Live Cell Labeling and Organelle Tracking
Derfus, A. M., Chan, W. C. W., & Bhatia, S. N. (2004) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200306111 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Penetration of Intact Skin by Quantum Dots with Diverse Physicochemical Properties
Ryman-Rasmussen, J. P., Riviere, J. E., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2006) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj122 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationLademann, J. M., Weigmann, H.-J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H. U., Schaefer, H. E., Mueller, G. J., & Sterry, W. (1999) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000066249 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Forming Biocompatible and Nonaggregated Nanocrystals in Water Using Amphiphilic Polymers
Yu, W. W., Chang, E., Falkner, J. C., Zhang, J., Al-Somali, A. M., Sayes, C. M., Johns, J., Drezek, R. A., & Colvin, V. L. (2007) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja067184n · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease.
Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., Depree, K. M., & Adkins, E. J. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5999 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Cross, S. E., Innes, B., Roberts, M. S., Tsuzuki, T., Robertson, T. A., & Mccormick, P. (2007) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000098701 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Penetration of Metallic Nanoparticles in Human Full-Thickness Skin
Baroli, B. M., Ennas, M. G., Loffredo, F., Isola, M., Pinna, R., & López-Quintela, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700733 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Water-soluble quantum dots for biomedical applications
Yu, W. W., Chang, E., Drezek, R. A., & Colvin, V. L. (2006) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.160 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Self-citationChoi, A. O., Cho, S. J., Desbarats, J., Lovrić, J., & Maysinger, D. (2007) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/1477-3155-5-1 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Simon, G. A., & Maïbach, H. I. (2000) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000029928 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Gröne, A. (2002) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00136-8 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Yu, W. W., Falkner, J. C., Shih, B. S., & Colvin, V. L. (2004) · ChemInform · doi:10.1002/chin.200443230 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of Quantum Dot Cytotoxicity Based on Intracellular Uptake
Chang, E., Thekkek, N., Yu, W. W., Colvin, V. L., & Drezek, R. A. (2006) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.200600218 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationRyman-Rasmussen, J. P., Riviere, J. E., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2007) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700508 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Self-citationMethods for In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Studies IV: the Flow-Through Diffusion Cell
Bronaugh, R. L., & Stewart, R. F. (1985) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600740117 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Stilwell, J. L., Gerion, D., Ding, L., Elboudwarej, O., Cooke, P. A., Gray, J. W., Alivisatos, A. P., & Chen, F. F. (2006) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0603350 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin
Gamer, A. O., Leibold, E., & van Ravenzwaay, B. (2005) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.008 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Rouse, J. G., Yang, J., Ryman-Rasmussen, J. P., Barron, A. R., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2006) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl062464m · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, R. S. H., Chang, L. W., Wu, J.-P., Tsai, M., Wang, H., Kuo, Y.-C., Yeh, T., Yang, C. S., & Lin, P. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10290 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Transdermal delivery of mixnoxidil with block copolymer nanoparticles
Shim, J., Kang, H. S., Park, W.-S., Han, S.-H., Kim, J., & Chang, I. (2004) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.03.028 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Surface Modification To Reduce Nonspecific Binding of Quantum Dots in Live Cell Assays
Bentzen, E. L., Tomlinson, I. D., Mason, J. N., Gresch, P. J., Warnement, M. R., Wright, D. W., Sanders‐Bush, E., Blakely, R., & Rosenthal, S. J. (2005) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc0502006 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Advances in Swine in Biomedical Research
(1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5885-9 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis of Water-Soluble and Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dot Micelles
Fan, H., Leve, E. W., Scullin, C. S., Gabaldon, J. P., TALLANT, D. R., Bunge, S. D., Boyle, T., Wilson, M. C., & Brinker, C. J. (2005) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl050017l · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Chan, W., Shiao, N., & Lu, P.-Z. (2006) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.09.007 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
A pilot study on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens
Tan, M., Commens, C. A., Burnett, L., & Snitch, P. J. (1996) · Australasian Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb01050.x · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Zhang, L. W., Zeng, L., Barron, A. R., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2007) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10915810701225133 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationMigration of Intradermally Injected Quantum Dots to Sentinel Organs in Mice
Gopee, N. V., Roberts, D. W., Webb, P., Cozart, C. R., Siitonen, P. H., Warbritton, A. R., Yu, W. W., Colvin, V. L., Walker, N. J., & Howard, P. C. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm074 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationFullerene-based amino acid nanoparticle interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes
Rouse, J. G., Yang, J., Barron, A. R., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2006) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2006.04.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidermal cytokines in experimental contact dermatitis
Corsini, E. (2000) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00145-6 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Tang, Z., Wang, Y., Sun, K., & Kotov, N. A. (2005) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200400894 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure alters protein expression in human keratinocytes
Witzmann, F. A., & Monteiro‐Riviere, N. A. (2006) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2006.07.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationHoneywell‐Nguyen, P. L., Gooris, G. S., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23441.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
(2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420045154 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Xiao, W., Hodge, D. R., Wang, L., Yang, X., Zhang, X., & Farrar, W. L. (2004) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.3.10.1141 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Monocyte chemotaxis and activating factor production by keratinocytes in response to IFN-gamma
Barker, J. N., Jones, M. L., Swenson, C. L., Sarma, V. J., Mitra, R. S., Ward, P. A., Johnson, K. J., Fantone, J. C., Dixit, V. M., & Nickoloff, B. J. (1991) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.146.4.1192 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Role of ?-carotene in ameliorating the cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat brain and testis
El-Missiry, M. A., & Shalaby, F. M. (2000) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/1099-0461(2000)14:5 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
CHANG, S. (1991) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0272-0590(91)90200-n · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pond, W. G., & Mersmann, H. J. (2001) · Cited by 83 · see citing works
A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Organophosphate Dermal Absorption
van der Merwe, D., Brooks, J. D., Gehring, R., Baynes, R. E., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., & Riviere, J. E. (2005) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj014 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, H. A., Imran, M., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Colvin, V. L., Yu, W. W., & Riviere, J. E. (2007) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl071563c · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Pig as a Model for Cutaneous Pharmacology and Toxicology Research
Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., & Riviere, J. E. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5885-9_2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationMonteiro‐Riviere, N. A., & Stromberg, M. W. (1985) · Anatomia Histologia Embryologia · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.1985.tb00270.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationChou, C., Riviere, J. E., & Monteiro‐Riviere, N. A. (2003) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-003-0461-z · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationAllen, D., Riviere, J. E., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2001) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00316-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying the Influence of Surface Coatings on Quantum Dot Uptake in Cells
Chang, E., Yu, W. W., Colvin, V. L., & Drezek, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jbn.2005.053 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMonteiro‐Riviere, N. A., Baynes, R. E., & Riviere, J. E. (2003) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00421-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationAllen, D., Riviere, J. E., & Monteiro‐Riviere, N. A. (2001) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00075-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationIL-20: a new target for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease
Rich, B. E. (2003) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.7.2.165 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dermal Effects of Nanomaterials
Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Inman, A. O., & Ryman-Rasmussen, J. P. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420045154-22 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationModulation of keratinocyte biology by gamma interferon: relevance to cutaneous wound healing.
Nickoloff, B. J., Varani, J., & Mitra, R. S. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dependence of Nanoparticle Toxicity on Their Physical and Chemical Properties
Sukhanova, A. V., Bozrova, S. V., Sokolov, P. M., Berestovoy, M. A., Karaulov, A. V., & Nabiev, I. R. (2018) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2457-x · Cited by 1,135 · see citing works
Quantum dots: bright and versatile in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging biosensors
Wegner, K. D., & Hildebrandt, N. (2015) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c4cs00532e · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Carbon Dots as Nontoxic and High-Performance Fluorescence Imaging Agents
Yang, S., Wang, X., Wang, H., Lu, F., Luo, P. G., Cao, L., Meziani, M. J., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Chen, M., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp9085969 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Toxicity and Environmental Risks of Nanomaterials: Challenges and Future Needs
Ray, P. C., Yu, H., & Fu, P. P. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C · doi:10.1080/10590500802708267 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery
Prow, T. W., Grice, J. E., Lin, L. L., Faye, R., Butler, M. K., Becker, W. H., Wurm, E. M. T., Yoong, C., Robertson, T. A., Soyer, H. P., et al. (2011) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.012 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Metal‐based nanoparticles and their toxicity assessment
Schrand, A. M., Rahman, M. F., Hussain, S. M., Schlager, J. J., Smith, D. A., & Syed, A. F. (2010) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.103 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals, Focusing on Nontoxic and Earth-Abundant Materials
Reiß, P., Carrière, M., Lincheneau, C., Vaure, L., & Tamang, S. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00116 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Nanotoxicology: An Interdisciplinary Challenge
Krug, H. F., & Wick, P. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201001037 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity in Skin in Vivo and Keratinocytes in Vitro
Samberg, M. E., Oldenburg, S. J., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901398 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Self-citationMeta-analysis of cellular toxicity for cadmium-containing quantum dots
Oh, E., Liu, R., Nel, A., Gemill, K. B., Bilal, M., Cohen, Y., & Medintz, I. L. (2016) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.338 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Quantum Dot Nanoparticle Cellular Uptake
Zhang, L. W., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2009) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp087 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citationZein in controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering
Paliwal, R., & Palakurthi, S. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.036 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Interaction of nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptides with skin for transdermal drug delivery
Desai, P. R., Patlolla, R. R., & Singh, M. S. (2010) · Molecular Membrane Biology · doi:10.3109/09687688.2010.522203 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Cytokines as biomarkers of nanoparticle immunotoxicity
Elsabahy, M., & Wooley, K. L. (2013) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c3cs60064e · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Nanoparticles skin absorption: New aspects for a safety profile evaluation
Larese Filon, F., Mauro, M., Adami, G., Bovenzi, M., & Crosera, M. (2015) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.005 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Penetration of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in the skin: Fiction or reality?
Baroli, B. M. (2009) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.21817 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Assessing Nanoparticle Toxicity
Love, S. A., Maurer‐Jones, M. A., Thompson, J. W., Lin, Y., & Haynes, C. L. (2012) · Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143134 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Lung inflammation and genotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles in ApoE-/- mice
Jacobsen, N. R., Möller, P., Jensen, K. A., Vogel, U. B., Ladefoged, O., Loft, S. H., & Wallin, H. (2009) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-6-2 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Cadmium-containing nanoparticles: Perspectives on pharmacology and toxicology of quantum dots☆
Rzigalinski, B. A., & Strobl, J. S. (2009) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.010 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Microneedles: A New Frontier in Nanomedicine Delivery
Larrañeta, E., McCrudden, M., Courtenay, A. J., & Donnelly, R. F. (2016) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-016-1885-5 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Penetration of drugs through skin, a complex rate-controlling membrane
Bolzinger, M., Briançon, S., Pelletier, J., & Chevalier, Y. (2012) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2012.02.001 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
In Vivo Skin Penetration of Quantum Dot Nanoparticles in the Murine Model: The Effect of UVR
Mortensen, L. J., Oberdörster, G., Pentland, A. P., & DeLouise, L. A. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl801323y · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Nanoparticle dermal absorption and toxicity: a review of the literature
Crosera, M., Bovenzi, M., Maina, G., Adami, G., Zanette, C., Florio, C., & Filon Larese, F. (2009) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0458-x · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Topical and cutaneous delivery using nanosystems
Roberts, M. S., Mohammed, Y., Pastore, M. N., Namjoshi, S., Yousef, S. H., Alinaghi, A., Haridass, I., Abd, E., Leite‐Silva, V. R., Benson, H. A. E., et al. (2016) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.022 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Relating Cytotoxicity, Zinc Ions, and Reactive Oxygen in ZnO Nanoparticle–Exposed Human Immune Cells
Shen, C., James, S., de Jonge, M. D., Turney, T. W., Wright, P., & Feltis, B. (2013) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft187 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Bioconjugated quantum dots for cancer research: Present status, prospects and remaining issues
Biju, V., Mundayoor, S., Omkumar, R. V., Anas, A., & Ishikawa, M. (2009) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.11.007 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Some aspects of quantum dot toxicity
Bottrill, M., & Green, M. (2011) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c1cc10692a · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Ai, K., Yuan, Q., & Lu, L. (2010) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.022 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Quantum Dot Weathering Results in Microbial Toxicity
Mahendra, S., Zhu, H., Colvin, V. L., & Alvarez, P. J. J. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es8023385 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo toxicity, biodistribution, and clearance of glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles
Simpson, C. A., Salleng, K. J., Cliffel, D. E., & Feldheim, D. L. (2012) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2012.06.002 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Fluorescence nanoparticles “quantum dots” as drug delivery system and their toxicity: a review
Ghaderi, S., Ramesh, B., & Seifalian, A. M. (2010) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.3109/1061186x.2010.526227 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Interaction of inorganic nanoparticles with the skin barrier: current status and critical review
Labouta, H. I., & Schneider, M. (2012) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2012.04.004 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Raszewska-Famielec, M., & Flieger, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415980 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Toxico-/biokinetics of nanomaterials
Landsiedel, R., Fabian, E. J., Ma‐Hock, L., Wohlleben, W., Wiench, K., Oesch, F., & van Ravenzwaay, B. (2012) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-012-0858-7 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Yong, K., Roy, I., Swihart, M. T., & Prasad, P. N. (2009) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b817667c · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Applications of Nanotechnology in Dermatology
DeLouise, L. A. (2012) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.425 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Assessment of Quantum Dot Penetration into Intact, Tape-Stripped, Abraded and Flexed Rat Skin
Zhang, L. W., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2008) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000131080 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationSchrand, A. M., Schlager, J. J., Dai, L., & Hussain, S. M. (2010) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2010.2 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Microneedle mediated delivery of nanoparticles into human skin
Coulman, S. A., Anstey, A. V., Gateley, C., Morrissey, A., McLoughlin, P., Allender, C. J., & Birchall, J. C. (2008) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.040 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Engineered Inorganic Nanoparticles and Cosmetics: Facts, Issues, Knowledge Gaps and Challenges
Wiechers, J. W., & Musee, N. (2010) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jbn.2010.1143 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Nanoparticle exposure in animals can be visualized in the skin and analysed via skin biopsy
Sykes, E. A., Dai, Q., Tsoi, K. M., Hwang, D. M., & Chan, W. C. W. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4796 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Mechanism and determinants of nanoparticle penetration through human skin
Labouta, H. I., El-Khordagui, L. K., Kraus, T., & Schneider, M. (2011) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c1nr11109d · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Perturbation of physiological systems by nanoparticles
Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., Jia, J., Gao, N., Li, Y., Zhang, R., Jiang, G., & Yan, B. (2014) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c3cs60338e · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Supramolecular Strategies To Construct Biocompatible and Photoswitchable Fluorescent Assemblies
Yıldız, İ., Impellizzeri, S., Deniz, E., McCaughan, B., Callan, J. F., & Raymo, F. M. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja107341f · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Chitosan nanoparticles for enhancing drugs and cosmetic components penetration through the skin
Ta, Q., Ting, J., Harwood, S., Browning, N., Simm, A., Ross, K., Olier, I., & Al‐Kassas, R. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105765 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Delivery and Targeting of Nanoparticles Into Hair Follicles
Fang, C.-L., Aljuffali, I. A., Li, Y.-C., & Fang, J. (2014) · Therapeutic Delivery · doi:10.4155/tde.14.61 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Yong, K., Wang, Y., Roy, I., Hu, R., Swihart, M. T., Law, W., Kwak, S. K., Ye, L., Liu, J., Mahajan, S. D., et al. (2012) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.3692 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Al‐Kassas, R., Wen, J., Cheng, A. E.-M., Kim, A. M.-J., Liu, S. S. M., & Joohee, Y. (2016) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.096 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Targeted near-IR QDs-loaded micelles for cancer therapy and imaging
Nurunnabi, M., Cho, K.-J., Choi, J. S., Huh, K. M., & Lee, Y.-K. (2010) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.057 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Carriers in the Topical Treatment of Skin Disease
Körting, H. C., & Schäfer‐Korting, M. (2009) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_15 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Samberg, M. E., Oldenburg, S. J., & Riviere, J. E. (2013) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.022 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationNanocosmetics and Nanomedicines
(2011) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19792-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Evaluation of immunoresponses and cytotoxicity from skin exposure to metallic nanoparticles
Wang, M., Lai, X., Shao, L., & Li, L. (2018) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s170745 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Lopez, R. F. V., Seto, J. E., Blankschtein, D., & Langer, R. (2010) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.060 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Quantum dot penetration into viable human skin
Prow, T. W., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Inman, A. O., Grice, J. E., Chen, X., Zhao, X. Y., Sanchez, W. Y., Gierden, A., Kendall, M. A. F., Zvyagin, A. V., et al. (2011) · Nanotoxicology · doi:10.3109/17435390.2011.569092 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationCombined use of nanocarriers and physical methods for percutaneous penetration enhancement
Dragicevic-Curic, N., & Maïbach, H. I. (2018) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.003 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Recent advances in follicular drug delivery of nanoparticles
Patzelt, A., & Lademann, J. M. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1700226 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Toxicity of nanomaterials found in human environment
Sahu, S. C., & Hayes, A. W. (2017) · Toxicology Research and Application · doi:10.1177/2397847317726352 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Cellular Uptake Mechanisms and Toxicity of Quantum Dots in Dendritic Cells
Zhang, L. W., Bäumer, W., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2011) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm.11.73 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of heavy nanocrystals on spermatozoa and fertility of mammals
Akhavan, O., Hashemi, E., Zare, H., Shamsara, M., Taghavinia, N., & Heidari, F. (2016) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.055 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Han, Y. S., Chen, X., Luo, X., Wang, J., Yue, T., & Li, C. (2017) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.156 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Bilayers as Phase Transfer Agents for Nanocrystals Prepared in Nonpolar Solvents
Prakash, A., Zhu, H., Jones, C. J., Benoit, D. N., Ellsworth, A. Z., Bryant, E. L., & Colvin, V. L. (2009) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn900373b · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationGopee, N. V., Roberts, D. W., Webb, P. J., Cozart, C. R., Siitonen, P. H., Latendresse, J. R., Warbitton, A. R., Yu, W. W., Colvin, V. L., Walker, N. J., et al. (2009) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp139 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationThe MTT and Crystal Violet Assays
Almutary, A. G., & Sanderson, B. J. S. (2016) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1177/1091581816648906 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Xia, X. R., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., & Riviere, J. E. (2009) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluating the Toxicity of Selected Types of Nanochemicals
Kumar, V., Kumari, A., Guleria, P., & Yadav, S. K. (2011) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1463-6_2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Hydrophilic CdSe−ZnS Core−Shell Quantum Dots with Reactive Functional Groups on Their Surface
Yıldız, İ., Deniz, E., McCaughan, B., Cruickshank, S. F., Callan, J. F., & Raymo, F. M. (2010) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la1010488 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Advances and Prospects for Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Hou, X. L., Li, J., Ruan, H., Long, M., Long, M., Feng, N., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082119 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Disposition of Charged Nanoparticles after Their Topical Application to the Skin
Wu, X., Landfester, K., Musyanovych, A., & Guy, R. H. (2009) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000270381 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Influence of microneedle shape on the transport of a fluorescent dye into human skin in vivo
Bal, S. M., Kruithof, A. C., Zwier, R., Dietz, E., Bouwstra, J. A., Lademann, J. M., & Meinke, M. C. (2010) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.104 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Bolzinger, M., Briançon, S., & Chevalier, Y. (2011) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.146 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Predicting skin permeability from complex vehicles
Karadzovska, D., Brooks, J. D., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., & Riviere, J. E. (2012) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.019 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, Y.-H., Kim, J. N., Jeong, S. H., Choi, J. E., Lee, S., Choi, B. H., Lee, J. P., Sohn, K. H., Park, K. L., Kim, M.-K., et al. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.011 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Transdermal and Intravenous Nano Drug Delivery Systems
Sharma, M. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814029-1.00018-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Parvin, N., & Mandal, T. K. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra25402g · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Site-specific drug delivery in the skin for the localized treatment of skin diseases
Chen, Y., Feng, X., & Meng, S. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2019.1645119 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Lin, C.-H., Chang, L. W., Chang, H., Yang, M., Yang, C., Lai, W.-H., Chang, W., & Lin, P. (2009) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/20/21/215101 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Elsabahy, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, F., Deng, Z. J., Lim, Y. H., Wang, H., Parsamian, P., Hammond, P. T., & Wooley, K. L. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep03313 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Interactions of aluminum nanoparticles with human epidermal keratinocytes
Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Oldenburg, S. J., & Inman, A. O. (2009) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.1494 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationModification of microneedles using inkjet printing
Boehm, R. D., Miller, P. R., Hayes, S. L., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., & Narayan, R. J. (2011) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/1.3602461 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationAqueous phase synthesis of CdTe quantum dots for biophotonics
Yong, K., Law, W., Roy, I., Zhu, J., Huang, H., Swihart, M. T., & Prasad, P. N. (2010) · Journal of Biophotonics · doi:10.1002/jbio.201000080 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Kim, J., Park, Y., Yoon, T. H., Yoon, C. S., & Choi, K. (2010) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.022 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Nanoparticles for transcutaneous vaccination
Hansen, S., & Lehr, C. (2011) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00284.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Penetration of Quantum Dot Particles Through Human Skin
Gratieri, T., Schaefer, U. F., Jing, L., Gao, M., Kostka, K., Lopez, R. F. V., & Schneider, M. (2010) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jbn.2010.1155 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lee, H.-M., Shin, D.-M., Song, H.-M., Yuk, J.-M., Lee, Z.-W., Lee, S.-H., Hwang, S. M., Kim, J.-M., Lee, C.-S., & Jo, E.-K. (2009) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Highly luminescent biocompatible carbon quantum dots by encapsulation with an amphiphilic polymer
Fowley, C., McCaughan, B., Devlin, A. H., Yıldız, İ., Raymo, F. M., & Callan, J. F. (2012) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c2cc34962k · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Xia, L., Lenaghan, S. C., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z., & Li, Q. (2010) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/1477-3155-8-12 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Haque, M. M., Im, H., Seo, J., Hasan, M., Woo, K., & Kwon, O. (2013) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.2775 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Use of confocal microscopy for nanoparticle drug delivery through skin
Zhang, L. W., & Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2012) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.18.6.061214 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationHinther, A. V., Vawda, S., Skirrow, R. C., Veldhoen, N., Collins, P., Cullen, J. T., van Aggelen, G. C., & Helbing, C. C. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es101902n · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Polymeric nanoparticles-embedded organogel for roxithromycin delivery to hair follicles
Główka, E., Wosicka-Frąckowiak, H., Hyla, K., Stefanowska, J., Jastrzębska, K., Kłapiszewski, Ł., Jesionowski, T., & Cal, K. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.06.019 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Emerging trends in nanobiotechnology.
Sobha, K., Surendranath, K., Meena, V., Jwala, T. K., Swetha, N., & Latha, K. S. M. (2010) · Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.5897/bmbr2010.0002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cell Type-Dependent Changes in CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot Uptake and Toxic Endpoints
Manshian, B. B., Soenen, S. J., Al-Ali, A., Brown, A., Hondow, N., Wills, J. W., Jenkins, G. J. S., & Doak, S. H. (2015) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cd/Se/Te-based quantum dot 705 modulated redox homeostasis with hepatotoxicity in mice
Lin, C., Yang, M., Chang, L. W., Yang, C., Chang, H., Chang, W., Tsai, M., Wang, C., & Lin, P. (2010) · Nanotoxicology · doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.539712 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Shi, T., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Liu, Z., Zhao, G.-J., Li, B., & Yuan, Y. (2022) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2gc02120j · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pastrana, H. F., Avila, A. G., & Tsai, C. S. (2018) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-018-0317-x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Jatana, S., Callahan, L. M., Pentland, A. P., & DeLouise, L. A. (2016) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics3010006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Skin Toxicity of Topically Applied Nanoparticles
Hashempour, S., Ghanbarzadeh, S., Maïbach, H. I., Ghorbani, M., & Hamishehkar, H. (2019) · Therapeutic Delivery · doi:10.4155/tde-2018-0060 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery: Mechanistic insights
Gomaa, Y. A., Garland, M. J., McInnes, F. J., Donnelly, R. F., El-Khordagui, L. K., & WILSON, C. G. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Emerging applications of nanomedicine in dermatology
Saraceno, R., Chiricozzi, A., Gabellini, M., & Chimenti, S. (2011) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00601.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
- Authors
- ZHANG, L., YU, W., COLVIN, V, & MONTEIRORIVIERE, N.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Rice University (US)
- Venue
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04-15
- Volume
- 228
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 200-211
- ISSN
- 0041-008X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084912727
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 20.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Keywords
- quantum dots, cadmium selenide nanoparticles, skin permeation, stratum corneum, human epidermal keratinocytes, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, inflammation, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cadmium release, topical application, nanoparticle toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Epidermal Cells, Animals, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Epidermis, Fluorescence, Fluorometry, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Interleukins, Particle Size, Polyethylene Glycols, Swine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Keratinocytes, Microscopy, Confocal, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Receptor, EphA3, Quantum Dots, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review