The mammalian pineal gland: known facts, unknown facets

Maronde, Erik; Stehle, Jörg H.

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2007.03.001

Cited by 178Circadian rhythm and melatoninRetinal Development and Disordersmelanin and skin pigmentation

The mammalian pineal gland: known facts, unknown facets

Maronde, Erik, Stehle, Jörg H.·2007·Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2007.03.001

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Abstract

In the mammalian pineal gland, information on environmental lighting conditions that is neuronally encoded by the retina is converted into nocturnally elevated synthesis of the hormone melatonin. Evolutionary pressure has changed the morphology of vertebrate pinealocytes, eliminating direct photoreception and the endogenous clock function. Despite these changes, nocturnally elevated melatonin synthesis has remained a reliable indicator of time throughout evolution. In the photo-insensitive mammalian pineal gland this message of darkness depends on the master circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. The dramatic change in vertebrate pinealocytes has received little attention; here, we therefore link the known evolutionary morphodynamics and well-investigated biochemical details responsible for rhythmic synthesis of melatonin with recently characterized patterns of gene expression in the pineal gland. We also address the enigmatic function of clockwork molecules in mammalian pinealocytes.

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The 262 Pineal Crx Glut subclass has particularly strong circadian gene expression fluctuations.
“The 262 Pineal Crx Glut subclass, located in the dorsal part of the third ventricle and on top of superior colliculus (SC) in the MERFISH data, which probably represents the pinealocytes that evolved from photoreceptor cells and secret melatonin116, has particularly strong circadian gene expression fluctuations (Extended Data Fig. 18b,c).”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [116]

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Authors: Maronde, E., & Stehle, J. H.
Affiliations: Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Corresponding author: Stehle, Jörg H.
ORCID: Maronde, Erik
Stehle, Jörg H.
Venue: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-05
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
Pages: 142-149
ISSN: 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2007.03.001
OpenAlex: W2073145669
Cited by: 178
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 1.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords: pineal gland, melatonin synthesis, pinealocytes, circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, photoreception, gene expression, clock genes, mammalian evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Biological Evolution, Humans, Light, Melatonin, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Pineal Gland

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The mammalian pineal gland: known facts, unknown facets

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