Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: The triangle between bacterial species, metabolites and psychological tests
Open accessAbstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with devastating physical consequences, with a pathophysiological mechanism still to be elucidated. Metagenomic studies on anorexia nervosa have revealed profound gut microbiome perturbations as a possible environmental factor involved in the disease. In this study we performed a comprehensive analysis integrating data on gut microbiota with clinical, anthropometric and psychological traits to gain new insight in the pathophysiology of AN. Fifteen AN women were compared with fifteen age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. AN diet was characterized by a significant lower energy intake, but macronutrient analysis highlighted a restriction only in fats and carbohydrates consumption. Next generation sequencing showed that AN intestinal microbiota was significantly affected at every taxonomic level, showing a significant increase of Enterobacteriaceae, and of the archeon Methanobrevibacter smithii compared with healthy controls. On the contrary, the genera Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Clostridium, were depleted, in line with the observed reduction in AN of total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and propionate. Butyrate concentrations inversely correlated with anxiety levels, whereas propionate directly correlated with insulin levels and with the relative abundance of Roseburia inulinivorans, a known propionate producer. BMI represented the best predictive value for gut dysbiosis and metabolic alterations, showing a negative correlation with Bacteroides uniformis (microbiota), with alanine aminotransferase (liver function), and with psychopathological scores (obsession-compulsion, anxiety, and depression), and a positive correlation with white blood cells count. In conclusion, our findings corroborate the hypothesis that the gut dysbiosis could take part in the AN neurobiology, in particular in sustaining the persistence of alterations that eventually result in relapses after renourishment and psychological therapy, but causality still needs to be proven.
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Several studies of anorexia nervosa patients have reported decreased abundances of the butyrate-producing Roseburia, reduced butyrate levels, and lower microbial diversity and taxa abundance compared to healthy controls.
“Several studies of anorexia nervosa patients have reported decreased abundances of the butyrate producing Roseburia in combination with reduced butyrate levels and lower microbial diversity and taxa abundance compared to healthy controls [168–170].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [168]
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- Authors
- Borgo, F., Riva, A., Benetti, A., Casiraghi, M. C., Bertelli, S., Garbossa, S., Anselmetti, S., Scarone, S., Pontiroli, A. E., Morace, G., & Borghi, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Borghi, Elisa
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2017-06-21
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e0179739
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5479564
- OpenAlex
- W2687532560
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- anorexia nervosa, gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis, short-chain fatty acids, butyrate, propionate, Roseburia, Enterobacteriaceae, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Bacteroides uniformis, anxiety, depression, insulin, body mass index, caloric restriction, psychopathology, relapse
- MeSH terms
- Alanine Transaminase, Anorexia Nervosa, Anxiety Disorders, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Butyrates, Clostridium, Depressive Disorder, Diet, DNA, Bacterial, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Feces, Humans, Propionates, Psychological Tests, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Gastrointestinal Tract, Ruminococcus, Microbiota, Dysbiosis
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