ESAT-6 proteins: protective antigens and virulence factors?
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The 6kDa early secreted antigenic target from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ESAT-6, is the prototype of a novel family of small proteins of unknown function produced by Actinobacteria. Export of ESAT-6, a potent T-cell antigen, and related proteins requires a dedicated secretory apparatus that is encoded by a cluster of genes, several of which also code for proteins that are recognized strongly by T cells. ESAT-6 systems can thus be considered as immunogenicity islands and there is growing evidence that the corresponding genes are subject to selective pressure imposed by the immune system of the host. Recently, there has been major progress in understanding the biogenesis, secretion and antigenicity of ESAT-6 proteins and, at least in the case of ESAT-6 system 1, in unravelling their role in pathogenicity. Here, we discuss these findings and their implications for the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic interventions against tuberculosis.
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M. tuberculosis has general and specialized protein secretion systems, including the SecA pathway, the twin-arginine translocation pathway, and five ESX type VII secretion systems.
“This unusual cell envelope requires complex secretion systems for the export/secretion of proteins, such as those of the SecA and twin-arginine translocation pathways, as well as the specialized ESX/ T7S systems (7,8,16)”
From ESX/Type VII Secretion Systems—An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
M. tuberculosis possesses five ESX/T7S systems, ESX-1 to ESX-5.
“M. tuberculosis possesses five ESX/T7S systems (ESX-1 to ESX-5) (7,8,11,16).”
From ESX/Type VII Secretion Systems—An Important Way Out for Mycobacterial Proteins (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Brodin, P., Rosenkrands, I., Andersen, P., Cole, S. T., & Brosch, R.
- Affiliations
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Cole, Stewart T.
- Venue
- Trends in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 500-508
- ISSN
- 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032564365
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- infoscience.epfl.ch
- Locations
- Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- ESAT-6, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, protective antigen, virulence factors, T cell antigens, protein secretion, tuberculosis treatment, tuberculosis prophylaxis, actinobacteria
- MeSH terms
- Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Protein Transport, Virulence Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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