Cited by 235Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsFluorine in Organic Chemistry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Activation of human nuclear receptors by perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS)

Behr, Anne-Cathrin, Plinsch, Christin, Braeuning, Albert, Buhrke, Thorsten·2020·Toxicology in Vitro

DOI 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104700

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Perfluoralkylated substances (PFAS) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are used to produce, e.g., surface coatings with water- and dirt-repellent properties. These substances have been shown to be hepatotoxic in rodents, and the mechanism of action is mostly attributed to the PFAS-mediated activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). In the present study, we investigated by using luciferase-based reporter gene assays whether PFOA, PFOS and six alternative PFAS can activate, in addition to PPARα, eight other human nuclear receptors. All tested PFAS except for perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) were able to activate human PPARα. Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (PMOH) and 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxypropoxy) propanoic acid] (PMPP) were weak agonists of human PPARγ. The other human nuclear receptors (PPARδ, CAR, PXR, FXR, LXRα, RXRα and RARα) were not affected by any PFAS tested in this study. Although PMOH was more effective than PFOA in stimulating PPARα in the transactivation assay, it was less effective in stimulating PPARα-dependent target gene expression in human HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. Notably, any effect observed in this in vitro study only occurred at concentrations higher than 10 μM of the respective PFAS which is in all cases several magnitudes above the average blood concentration in the Western population. Thus, the results suggest that nuclear receptor activation may only play a minor role in potential PFAS-mediated adverse effects in humans.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104700

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR
Pfaffl, M. W. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.9.e45 · Cited by 34,610
Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings
Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., Lai, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., & Seed, J. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 · Cited by 2,620
Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ
Kliewer, S. A., Sundseth, S. S., Jones, S. A., Brown, P. J., Wisely, G. B., Koble, C. S., Devchand, P., Wahli, W., Willson, T. M., Lenhard, J. M., et al. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4318 · Cited by 2,164
Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in the U.S. Population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and Comparisons with NHANES 1999–2000
Calafat, A. M., Wong, L.-Y., Kuklenyik, Z., Reidy, J. A., & Needham, L. L. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10598 · Cited by 1,247
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Target Genes
Rakhshandehroo, M., Knoch, B., Müller, M., & Kersten, S. (2010) · PPAR Research · doi:10.1155/2010/612089 · Cited by 1,020
Perfluorinated compounds – Exposure assessment for the general population in western countries
Fromme, H., Tittlemier, S. A., Völkel, W., Wilhelm, M., & Twardella, D. (2008) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.007 · Cited by 979
The Developmental Toxicity of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Their Derivatives
Lau, C., Butenhoff, J. L., & Rogers, J. M. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.031 · Cited by 867
Trends in Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in the U.S. Population: 1999−2008
Kato, K., Wong, L.-Y., Jia, L. T., Kuklenyik, Z., & Calafat, A. M. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1043613 · Cited by 777
The toxicology of perfluorooctanoate
Kennedy, G. L., Butenhoff, J. L., Olsen, G. W., O'Connor, J. C., Seacat, A. M., Perkins, R. G., Biegel, L. B., Murphy, S. R., & Farrar, D. G. (2004) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440490464705 · Cited by 742
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in surface waters, sediments, soils and wastewater – A review on concentrations and distribution coefficients
Zareitalabad, P., Siemens, J., Hamer, M., & Amelung, W. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.024 · Cited by 642
Cord Serum Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Relation to Weight and Size at Birth
Apelberg, B. J., Witter, F. R., Herbstman, J. B., Calafat, A. M., Halden, R. U., Needham, L. L., & Goldman, L. R. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10334 · Cited by 630
Unique response pathways are established by allosteric interactions among nuclear hormone receptors
FORMAN, B. M., Umesono, K., Chen, J., & Evans, R. M. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90075-6 · Cited by 629
Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food
(CONTAM), E. P. O. C. I. T. F. C., Knutsen, H. K., Alexander, J., Barregård, L., Bignami, M., Brüschweiler, B. J., Ceccatelli, S., Cottrill, B., Dinovi, M., Edler, L., et al. (2018) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194 · Cited by 549
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-α Expression in Human Liver
Palmer, C. N. A., Hsu, M.-H., Griffin, K. J., Raucy, J. L., & Johnson, E. F. (1998) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.53.1.14 · Cited by 494
Differential Activation of Nuclear Receptors by Perfluorinated Fatty Acid Analogs and Natural Fatty Acids: A Comparison of Human, Mouse, and Rat Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α, -β, and -γ, Liver X Receptor-β, and Retinoid X Receptor-α
Heuvel, J. P. V., Thompson, J. T., Frame, S. R., & Gillies, P. J. (2006) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfl014 · Cited by 489
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha expression in human liver.
Palmer, C. N., Hsu, M. H., Griffin, K. J., Raucy, J. L., & Johnson, E. F. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 448
Activation of Mouse and Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (α, β/δ, γ) by Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
Takacs, M. L., & Abbott, B. D. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfl135 · Cited by 396
trans-Activation of PPARα and PPARγ by Structurally Diverse Environmental Chemicals
Maloney, E. K., & Waxman, D. J. (1999) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1999.8809 · Cited by 388
Studies on the Toxicological Effects of PFOA and PFOS on Rats Using Histological Observation and Chemical Analysis
Cui, L., Zhou, Q.-F., Liao, C.-Y., Fu, J.-J., & Jiang, G.-B. (2009) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-008-9194-6 · Cited by 368
Carryover of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) from Soil to Plants
Stahl, T., Heyn, J., Thiele, H.-U., Hüther, J., Failing, K., Georgii, S., & Brunn, H. E. (2008) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-008-9272-9 · Cited by 345
Assessment of lipid, hepatic, and thyroid parameters with serum perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations in fluorochemical production workers
Olsen, G. W., & Zobel, L. R. (2007) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-007-0213-0 · Cited by 307
Activation of Mouse and Human Peroxisome Proliferator−Activated Receptor Alpha by Perfluoroalkyl Acids of Different Functional Groups and Chain Lengths
Wolf, C. J., Takacs, M. L., Schmid, J. E., Lau, C. S., & Abbott, B. D. (2008) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn166 · Cited by 302
Multiplicity of nuclear receptor activation by PFOA and PFOS in primary human and rodent hepatocytes
Bjork, J. A., Butenhoff, J. L., & Wallace, K. B. (2011) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2011.06.012 · Cited by 266
Regulation of Bile Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism by PPARs
Li, T., & Chiang, J. Y. L. (2009) · PPAR Research · doi:10.1155/2009/501739 · Cited by 260
Perfluorooctanoate, perflourooctanesulfonate, and N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol; peroxisome proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis
Berthiaume, J., & Wallace, K. B. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00466-0 · Cited by 246
Human Donor Liver and Serum Concentrations of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Other Perfluorochemicals
Olsen, G. W., Hansen, K. J., Stevenson, L. A., Burris, J. M., & Mandel, J. H. (2003) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es020955c · Cited by 242
Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in human tissues by liquid chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry
Maestri, L., Negri, S., Ferrari, M., GHITTORI, S., Fabris, F., Danesino, P., & Imbriani, M. (2006) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.2661 · Cited by 230
Perfluorochemicals in Pooled Serum Samples from United States Residents in 2001 and 2002
Calafat, A. M., Kuklenyik, Z., Caudill, S. P., Reidy, J. A., & Needham, L. L. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0517973 · Cited by 219
Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFCs) in Indoor Dust: Concentrations, Human Exposure Estimates, and Sources
Björklund, J. A., Thuresson, K., & de Wit, C. A. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803201a · Cited by 204
Toxicogenomic Dissection of the Perfluorooctanoic Acid Transcript Profile in Mouse Liver: Evidence for the Involvement of Nuclear Receptors PPARα and CAR
Rosen, M. B., Lee, J. S., Ren, H., Vallanat, B., Liu, J., Waalkes, M. P., Abbott, B. D., Lau, C. S., & Corton, J. C. (2008) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn025 · Cited by 200
Groundwater Pollution by Perfluorinated Surfactants in Tokyo
Murakami, M., Kuroda, K., Sato, N., Fukushi, T., Takizawa, S., & Takada, H. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803556w · Cited by 182
Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in human breast milk: Results of a pilot study
Völkel, W., Genzel‐Boroviczény, O., Demmelmair, H., Gebauer, C. M., Koletzko, B. V., Twardella, D., Raab, U., & Fromme, H. (2007) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.024 · Cited by 176
Adverse Maternal, Fetal, and Postnatal Effects of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (GenX) from Oral Gestational Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Conley, J. M., Lambright, C. S., Evans, N., Strynar, M. J., McCord, J. P., Mcintyre, B., Travlos, G. S., Cardon, M. C., Medlock-Kakaley, E., Hartig, P. C., et al. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp4372 · Cited by 176
Identification of Peroxisome Proliferator-responsive Human Genes by Elevated Expression of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α in HepG2 Cells
Hsu, M., Savas, Ü., Griffin, K. J., & Johnson, E. F. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m100258200 · Cited by 172
In vitro toxicological characterization of perfluorinated carboxylic acids with different carbon chain lengths
Buhrke, T., Kibellus, A., & Lampen, A. (2013) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.025 · Cited by 153
Self-citation
Estimating human exposure to PFOS isomers and PFCA homologues: The relative importance of direct and indirect (precursor) exposure
Gebbink, W. A., Berger, U., & Cousins, I. T. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.013 · Cited by 143
Gene Profiling in the Livers of Wild-type and PPARα-Null Mice Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid
Rosen, M. B., Abbott, B. D., Wolf, D. C., Corton, J. C., Wood, C. R., Schmid, J. E., Das, K. P., ZEHR, R. D. J., Blair, E. T., & Lau, C. S. (2008) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/0192623308318208 · Cited by 137
Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) affect neither estrogen and androgen receptor activity nor steroidogenesis in human cells in vitro
Behr, A., Lichtenstein, D., Braeuning, A., Lampen, A., & Buhrke, T. (2018) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.029 · Cited by 130
Self-citation
Developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is not dependent on expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) in the mouse
Abbott, B. D., Wolf, C. J., Das, K. P., ZEHR, R. D. J., Schmid, J. E., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Lau, C. S. (2008) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.05.061 · Cited by 124
Structure-dependent binding and activation of perfluorinated compounds on human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
Zhang, L., Ren, X., Wan, B., & Guo, L. (2014) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.020 · Cited by 120
Gene expression profiling of potential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes in human hepatoblastoma cell lines inducibly expressing different PPAR isoforms
Tachibana, K., Kobayashi, Y., Tanaka, T., Tagami, M., Sugiyama, A., Katayama, T., Ueda, C., Yamasaki, D., Ishimoto, K., Sumitomo, M., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Receptor · doi:10.1186/1478-1336-3-3 · Cited by 120
A protocol for combined Photinus and Renilla luciferase quantification compatible with protein assays
Hampf, M., & Gossen, M. (2006) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2006.04.046 · Cited by 119
ADONA and perfluoroalkylated substances in plasma samples of German blood donors living in South Germany
Fromme, H., Wöckner, M., Roscher, E., & Völkel, W. (2017) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.014 · Cited by 118
Comparative Hepatic Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and WY 14,643 in PPAR-α Knockout and Wild-type Mice
Wolf, D. C., Moore, T., Abbott, B. D., Rosen, M. B., Das, K. P., ZEHR, R. D. J., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Lau, C. S. (2008) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/0192623308318216 · Cited by 112
Concurrent Exposure to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Restraint Stress during Pregnancy in Mice: Effects on Postnatal Development and Behavior of the Offspring
Fuentes, S., Colomina, M. T., Vicens, P., Franco‐Pons, N., & Domingo, J. L. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm121 · Cited by 100
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons stimulate human CYP3A4 promoter activity via PXR
Luckert, C., Ehlers, A., Buhrke, T., Seidel, A., Lampen, A., & Hessel‐Pras, S. (2013) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.243 · Cited by 95
Self-citation
Adverse Outcome Pathway-Driven Analysis of Liver Steatosis in Vitro: A Case Study with Cyproconazole
Luckert, C., Braeuning, A., de Sousa, G., Durinck, S., Katsanou, E. S., Κωνσταντινίδου, Π., Machera, K. A., Milani, E. S., Peijnenburg, A., Rahmani, R., et al. (2018) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00112 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals the hepatotoxic mechanism of perfluoroalkyl alternatives, HFPO2 and HFPO4, following exposure in mice
Wang, J., Wang, X., Sheng, N., Zhou, X., Cui, R., Zhang, H., & Dai, J. (2017) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.3376 · Cited by 73
Activation of nuclear receptor CAR by an environmental pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid
Abe, T., Takahashi, M., Kano, M., Amaike, Y., Ishii, C., Maeda, K., Kudoh, Y., Morishita, T., Hosaka, T., Sasaki, T., et al. (2016) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1888-3 · Cited by 65
Perfluorooctanoic acid affects the activity of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α)
Scharmach, E., Buhrke, T., Lichtenstein, D., & Lampen, A. (2012) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.007 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
A consecutive three alanine residue insertion mutant of human CAR: a novel CAR ligand screening system in HepG2 cells
Kanno, Y., & Inouye, Y. (2010) · The Journal of Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.2131/jts.35.515 · Cited by 36
Poly- and perfluorinated compounds activate human pregnane X receptor
Zhang, Y., Dong, X., Fan, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, Q., Jiang, N., & Yang, X. (2017) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.012 · Cited by 32
Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht
Beekman, M., Zweers, P., Müller, A. K., de Vries, W., Janssen, P., Zeilmaker, M. J., & Ich (2016) · Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) · Cited by 24

Sorted by citations

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research
Fenton, S. E., Ducatman, A., Boobis, A., DeWitt, J. C., Lau, C., Ng, C., Smith, J. S., & Roberts, S. M. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4890 · Cited by 2,445
Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests
Masoodi, M., Gastaldelli, A., Hyötyläinen, T., Arretxe, E., Alonso, C., Gaggini, M., Brosnan, J., Anstee, Q. M., Millet, O., Ortiz, P., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00502-9 · Cited by 451
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and markers of liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Costello, E., Rock, S., Stratakis, N., Eckel, S. P., Walker, D. I., Valvi, D., Cserbik, D., Jenkins, T., Xanthakos, S. A., Kohli, R., et al. (2022) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp10092 · Cited by 420
Consideration of pathways for immunotoxicity of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Ehrlich, V., Bil, W., Vandebriel, R., Granum, B., Luijten, M., Lindeman, B., Grandjean, P., Kaiser, A.-M., Hauzenberger, I., Hartmann, C., et al. (2023) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-022-00958-5 · Cited by 318
Exposure to a mixture of legacy, alternative, and replacement per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in sex-dependent modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver injury
Roth, K., Yang, Z., Agarwal, M., Liu, W. J., Peng, Z., Long, Z., Birbeck, J. A., Westrick, J. A., Liu, W., & Petriello, M. C. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106843 · Cited by 322

See all 235

Authors: Behr, A.-C., Plinsch, C., Braeuning, A., & Buhrke, T.
Affiliations: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) (DE)
Corresponding author: Buhrke, Thorsten
ORCID: Behr, Anne-Cathrin
Braeuning, Albert
Buhrke, Thorsten
Venue: Toxicology in Vitro
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-02
Volume: 62
Pages: 104700
ISSN: 0887-2333 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104700
OpenAlex: W2982329931
Cited by: 235
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 11
FWCI: 9.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Toxicology in Vitro (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords: perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, PFBS, PPARα, PPARγ, nuclear receptor activation, hepatotoxicity, PPARα agonist, PFAS alternatives, HepG2 cells, endocrine disruption
MeSH terms: Caprylates, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Sulfonic Acids, Transcriptional Activation, Gene Expression, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Genes, Reporter, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Cell Line, Tumor, PPAR alpha, Hep G2 Cells, HEK293 Cells

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Activation of human nuclear receptors by perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS)

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks