Cited by 182Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsUrban Stormwater Management Solutions

Groundwater Pollution by Perfluorinated Surfactants in Tokyo

Murakami, Michio, Kuroda, Keisuke, Sato, Nobuyuki, Fukushi, Tetsuo, Takizawa, Satoshi, Takada, Hideshige·2009·Environmental Science & Technology

Abstract

Perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) in groundwater were analyzed to reveal their distribution and sources. Sixteen groundwater and spring samples were collected from the Tokyo metropolitan area, and nine PFSs, including perfluorooctane-sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A column test using artificial street runoff was also performed to study their behavior. PFSs were detected in all groundwater samples, some at concentrations comparable to those in wastewater and street runoff, suggesting widespread contamination of groundwater by PFSs. In particular, PFOS -was more abundant in groundwater than in rivers, wastewater, and street runoff. This was attributed to its production from the degradation of its precursors, as supported by the column test. The occurrence of short-chain perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) in groundwater was also consistent with the results of the column test, showing that limited amounts of short-chain PFCAs were removed by soil, as the efficiency of removal increased with the chain length. We evaluated the contributions of PFCAs from wastewater and surface runoff to groundwater by using two indicators, the long/(short + long) ratio and the even(even + odd) ratio. Both ratios showed good agreement in their calculated contributions in heavily contaminated groundwater where breakthroughs likely occurred. Wastewater and surface runoff contributed to 54-86% and 16-46% of PFCAs, respectively, in groundwater.

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Crossref · 10.1021/es803556w

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Authors
Murakami, M., Kuroda, K., Sato, N., Fukushi, T., Takizawa, S., & Takada, H.
Affiliations
The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author
Takada, Hideshige
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Published
2009-04-23
Volume
43
Issue
10
Pages
3480-3486
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
OpenAlex
W2092095357
Cited by
182
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
FWCI
9.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
Keywords
perfluorinated surfactants, groundwater contamination, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, soil sorption, road runoff, wastewater, source apportionment, Tokyo metropolitan area
MeSH terms
Fluorocarbons, Geography, Soil, Surface-Active Agents, Tokyo, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Supply, Rivers

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