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Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and markers of liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Costello, Elizabeth, Rock, Sarah, Stratakis, Nikos, Eckel, Sandrah P., Walker, Douglas I., Valvi, Damaskini, Cserbik, Dora, Jenkins, Todd +9 more·2022·Environmental Health Perspectives
DOI 10.1289/ehp10092PMC PMC9044977
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicates that exposure to certain pollutants is associated with liver damage. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals widely used in industry and consumer products and bioaccumulate in food webs and human tissues, such as the liver. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis evaluating PFAS exposure and evidence of liver injury from rodent and epidemiological studies. METHODS: -score meta-analysis to determine the direction and significance of associations. For rodent studies, data were synthesized to qualitatively summarize the direction and significance of effect. RESULTS: ). PFOA exposure was also associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels in humans. In rodents, PFAS exposures consistently resulted in higher ALT levels and steatosis. CONCLUSION: There is consistent evidence for PFAS hepatotoxicity from rodent studies, supported by associations of PFAS and markers of liver function in observational human studies. This review identifies a need for additional research evaluating next-generation PFAS, mixtures, and early life exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10092.

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Authors
Costello, E., Rock, S., Stratakis, N., Eckel, S. P., Walker, D. I., Valvi, D., Cserbik, D., Jenkins, T., Xanthakos, S. A., Kohli, R., Sisley, S., Vasiliou, V., La Merrill, M. A., Rosen, H., Conti, D. V., McConnell, R., & Chatzi, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ES)
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
  • Children's Hospital Los Angeles (US)
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
Corresponding author
Costello, Elizabeth
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2022-04
Volume
130
Issue
4
Pages
46001-46001
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
DOI
10.1289/ehp10092
PMC
PMC9044977
OpenAlex
W4225011918
Cited by
420
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 96 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 25
FWCI
5.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA140561, P01CA196569)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK048522)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES013678, R21ES029328, R01ES029944, R21ES029681, R01ES030691, R01ES030364, R01ES016813, R21ES028903, P30ES007048, P30ES023515, U2CES030859, R01ES032712)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS exposure, liver injury, hepatotoxicity, liver function markers, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, steatosis, perfluorooctanoic acid, rodent studies, human epidemiology
MeSH terms
Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, United States, Biomarkers, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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