Linking stress and immunity: Immunoglobulin A as a non-invasive physiological biomarker in animal welfare studies
Abstract
As the animal welfare community strives to empirically assess how care and management practices can help maintain or even enhance welfare, the development of tools for non-invasively measuring physiological biomarkers is essential. Of the suite of physiological biomarkers, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), particularly the secretory form (Secretory IgA or SIgA), is at the forefront because of its crucial role in mucosal immunity and links to physical health, stress, and overall psychological well-being. While interpretation of changes in SIgA concentrations on short time scales is complex, long-term SIgA patterns are consistent: conditions that create chronic stress lead to suppression of SIgA. In contrast, when welfare is enhanced, SIgA is predicted to stabilize at higher concentrations. In this review, we examine how SIgA concentrations are reflective of both physiological stress and immune function. We then review the literature associating SIgA concentrations with various metrics of animal welfare and provide detailed methodological considerations for SIgA monitoring. Overall, our aim is to provide an in-depth discussion regarding the value of SIgA as physiological biomarker to studies aiming to understand the links between stress and immunity.
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IgA fluctuations can indicate positive and negative welfare states and be measured non-invasively.
“Like cortisol, IgA fluctuations can indicate positive and negative welfare states (105, 106) and be measured non-invasively.”
From Comparison of animal welfare assessment tools and methodologies: need for an effective approach for captive elephants in Asia (2024) · cites this paper as [105]
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From human wellbeing to animal welfare
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“Like cortisol, IgA fluctuations can indicate positive and negative welfare states (105, 106) and be measured non-invasively.”
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- Authors
- Staley, M., Conners, M. G., Hall, K., & Miller, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Brookfield Zoo Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Staley, Molly
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 102
- Pages
- 55-68
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2801214371
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Keywords
- secretory IgA, animal welfare, physiological stress, mucosal immunity, non-invasive biomarkers, chronic stress, immune function, welfare analysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Welfare, Animals, Laboratory, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, Immunity, Stress, Physiological, Biomarkers, Immunity, Mucosal
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