A Stem Cell-Based Screening Platform Identifies Compounds that Desensitize Motor Neurons to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Open accessAbstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease selectively targeting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The reasons for differential motor neuron susceptibility remain elusive. We developed a stem cell-based motor neuron assay to study cell-autonomous mechanisms causing motor neuron degeneration, with implications for ALS. A small-molecule screen identified cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) as a stressor to which stem cell-derived motor neurons were more sensitive than interneurons. CPA induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response. Furthermore, CPA resulted in an accelerated degeneration of motor neurons expressing human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) carrying the ALS-causing G93A mutation, compared to motor neurons expressing wild-type hSOD1. A secondary screen identified compounds that alleviated CPA-mediated motor neuron degeneration: three kinase inhibitors and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid derivative. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were validated in human stem cell-derived motor neurons carrying a mutated SOD1 allele (hSOD1 A4V ). Moreover, we found that the administration of TUDCA in an hSOD1 G93A mouse model of ALS reduced muscle denervation. Jointly, these results provide insights into the mechanisms contributing to the preferential susceptibility of ALS motor neurons, and they demonstrate the utility of stem cell-derived motor neurons for the discovery of new neuroprotective compounds.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
TUDCA has neuroprotective effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including protection against cyclopiazonic acid-induced degeneration and enhanced neuromuscular junction innervation in hSOD1G93A models.
“The existing evidence strongly supports the neuroprotective effects of TUDCA in ALS. TUDCA has been found to confer protection against cyclopiazonic acid-induced degeneration in both mouse and human stem cell-derived hSOD1G93A motor neurons.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [399]
Cites
1 retracted
Atkin, J. D., Farg, M. A., Walker, A. K., McLean, C., Tomas, D., & Horne, M. K. (2008) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.02.009 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
RetractedPolazzi, E., Mengoni, I., Caprini, M., Peña‐Altamira, E., Kurtys, E., & Monti, B. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000337115 · Cited by 9,023 · see citing works
A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain
Madisen, L., Zwingman, T. A., Sunkin, S. M., Oh, S. W., Zariwala, H. A., Gu, H., Ng, L. L., Palmiter, R. D., Hawrylycz, M. J., Jones, A. R., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2467 · Cited by 6,907 · see citing works
Motor Neuron Degeneration in Mice that Express a Human Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase Mutation
Gurney, M. E., Pu, H., Chiu, A. Y., Dal Canto, M. C., Polchow, C. Y., Alexander, D. D., Caliendo, J., Hentati, A., Kwon, Y. W., Deng, H.-X., et al. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8209258 · Cited by 4,143 · see citing works
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate decisions under ER stress and beyond
Hetz, C. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3270 · Cited by 4,096 · see citing works
Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing
Kuro-o, M., Matsumura, Y., Aizawa, H., Kawaguchi, H., Suga, T., Utsugi, T., Ohyama, Y., Kurabayashi, M., Kaname, T., Kume, E., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/36285 · Cited by 3,837 · see citing works
Urano, F., Wang, X.-Z., Bertolotti, A., Zhang, Y.-H., Chung, P., Harding, H., & Ron, D. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5453.664 · Cited by 3,081 · see citing works
The integrated stress response
Pakos‐Zebrucka, K., Koryga, I., Mnich, K., Ljujic, M., Samali, A., & Gorman, A. M. (2016) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201642195 · Cited by 2,659 · see citing works
Özcan, U., Yilmaz, E., Özcan, L., Furuhashi, M., Vaillancourt, E., Smith, R. O., Görgün, C. Z., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1128294 · Cited by 2,413 · see citing works
Dimos, J. T., Rodolfa, K. T., Niakan, K. K., Weisenthal, L. M., Mitsumoto, H., Chung, W. K., Croft, G. F., Saphier, G., Leibel, R. L., Goland, R., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158799 · Cited by 1,959 · see citing works
Self-citationRowland, L. P., & Shneider, N. A. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105313442207 · Cited by 1,851 · see citing works
Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons.
Wichterle, H., Lieberam, I., Porter, J. A., & Jessell, T. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00835-8 · Cited by 1,792 · see citing works
Self-citationOnset and Progression in Inherited ALS Determined by Motor Neurons and Microglia
Boillée, S., Yamanaka, K., Lobsiger, C. S., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Kassiotis, G., Kollias, G., & Cleveland, D. W. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123511 · Cited by 1,623 · see citing works
Kozutsumi, Y., Segal, M. S., Normington, K., Gething, M.-J. H., & Sambrook, J. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/332462a0 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
Astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutated SOD1 release factors selectively toxic to motor neurons
Nagai, M., Re, D. B., Nagata, T., Chalazonitis, A., Jessell, T. M., Wichterle, H., & Przedborski, S. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1876 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Self-citationCalcium and apoptosis: ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer in the control of apoptosis
Pinton, P., Giorgi, C., Siviero, R., Zecchini, E., & Rizzuto, R. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.308 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
Iurlaro, R., & Muñoz‐Pinedo, C. (2015) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13598 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Non–cell autonomous toxicity in neurodegenerative disorders: ALS and beyond
Ilieva, H., Polymenidou, M., & Cleveland, D. W. (2009) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200908164 · Cited by 1,008 · see citing works
The role of the transcriptional regulator Ptf1a in converting intestinal to pancreatic progenitors
Kawaguchi, Y., Cooper, B., Gannon, M., Ray, M., MacDonald, R. J., & Wright, C. V. E. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng959 · Cited by 1,007 · see citing works
ER stress and the unfolded protein response in neurodegeneration
Hetz, C. A., & Saxena, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.99 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Kase, H., Iwahashi, K., Nakanishi, S., Matsuda, Y., Yamada, K., Takahashi, M., Murakata, C., Sato, A., & Kaneko, M. (1987) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(87)90293-2 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
RNA Toxicity from the ALS/FTD C9ORF72 Expansion Is Mitigated by Antisense Intervention
Donnelly, C. J., Zhang, P.-W., Pham, J. T., Haeusler, A. R., Mistry, N. A., Vidensky, S., Daley, E. L., Poth, E. M., Hoover, B., Fines, D. M., et al. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.015 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Non–cell autonomous effect of glia on motor neurons in an embryonic stem cell–based ALS model
Di Giorgio, F. P., Carrasco, M. A., Siao, M. C., Maniatis, T., & Eggan, K. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1885 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Self-citationAstrocytes from familial and sporadic ALS patients are toxic to motor neurons
Haidet-Phillips, A. M., Hester, M. E., Miranda, C. J., Meyer, K., Braun, L., Frakes, A., Song, S., Likhite, S., Murtha, M. J., Foust, K. D., et al. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1957 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensing in the Unfolded Protein ResponsePreprint
Gardner, B. M., Pincus, D., Gotthardt, K., Gallagher, C. M., & Walter, P. (2013) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a013169 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Maeder, M. L., Thibodeau-Beganny, S., Osiak, A., Wright, D. A., Anthony, R. M., Eichtinger, M., Jiang, T., Foley, J. E., Winfrey, R. J., Townsend, J. A., et al. (2008) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.06.016 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Wild-type and mutant SOD1 share an aberrant conformation and a common pathogenic pathway in ALS
Bosco, D. A., Morfini, G. A., Karabacak, M., Song, Y., Gros‐Louis, F., Pasinelli, P., Goolsby, H., Fontaine, B. A., Lemay, N., McKenna-Yasek, D. M., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2660 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Sareen, D., O’Rourke, J. G., Meera, P., Muhammad, A. K. M. G., Grant, S., Simpkinson, M., Bell, S., Carmona, S., Ornelas, L., Sahabian, A., et al. (2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007529 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Axonal Transport of TDP-43 mRNA Granules Is Impaired by ALS-Causing Mutations
Alami, N. H., Smith, R. B., Carrasco, M. A., Williams, L. A., Winborn, C. S., Han, S. S. W., Kiskinis, E., Winborn, B., Freibaum, B. D., Kanagaraj, A., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.018 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Self-citationIntrinsic Membrane Hyperexcitability of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient-Derived Motor Neurons
Wainger, B. J., Kiskinis, E., Mellin, C., Wiskow, O., Han, S. S. W., Sandoe, J., Perez, N. P., Williams, L. A., Lee, S., Boulting, G. L., et al. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.019 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal excitatory amino acid metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Rothstein, J. D., Tsai, G. E., Kuncl, R. W., Clawson, L., Cornblath, D. R., Drachman, D. B., Pestronk, A., Stauch, B. L., & Coyle, J. T. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410280106 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
A role for motoneuron subtype–selective ER stress in disease manifestations of FALS mice
Saxena, S., Cabuy, E., & Caroni, P. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2297 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Kang, S. H., Li, Y., Fukaya, M., Lorenzini, I., Cleveland, D. W., Ostrow, L. W., Rothstein, J. D., & Bergles, D. E. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3357 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Novel genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: diagnostic and clinical implications
Chia, R., Chiò, A., & Traynor, B. J. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30401-5 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Drug Screening for ALS Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Egawa, N., Kitaoka, S., Tsukita, K., Naitoh, M., Takahashi, K., Yamamoto, T., Adachi, F., Kondo, T., Okita, K., Asaka, I., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004052 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Role of eIF2α Kinases in Translational Control and Adaptation to Cellular StressPreprint
Wek, R. C. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a032870 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Hetz, C., Thielen, P., Matus, S., Nassif, M., Court, F., Kiffin, R., Martinez, G., Cuervo, A. M., Brown, R. H., & Glimcher, L. H. (2009) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1830709 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Nishitoh, H., Kadowaki, H., Nagai, A., Maruyama, T., Yokota, T., Fukutomi, H., Noguchi, T., Matsuzawa, A., Takeda, K., & Ichijo, H. (2008) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1640108 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Giorgio, F. P. D., Boulting, G. L., Bobrowicz, S., & Eggan, K. C. (2008) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.09.017 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationMotor Neuron Diversity in Development and Disease
Kanning, K. C., Kaplan, A., & Henderson, C. E. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135722 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationPathways Disrupted in Human ALS Motor Neurons Identified through Genetic Correction of Mutant SOD1
Kiskinis, E., Sandoe, J., Williams, L. A., Boulting, G. L., Moccia, R., Wainger, B. J., Han, S., Peng, T., Thams, S., Mikkilineni, S., et al. (2014) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.03.004 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Self-citationMaury, Y., Côme, J., Piskorowski, R. A., Salah‐Mohellibi, N., Chevaleyre, V., Peschanski, M., Martinat, C., & Nedelec, S. (2014) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3049 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Paullones are potent inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5/p25
Leost, M., Schultz, C., Link, A., Wu, Y., Biernat, J., Mandelkow, E., Bibb, J. A., Snyder, G. L., Greengard, P., Zaharevitz, D. W., et al. (2000) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01673.x · Cited by 378 · see citing works
ALS-associated mutant FUS induces selective motor neuron degeneration through toxic gain of function
Sharma, A., Lyashchenko, A. K., Lü, L., Nasrabady, S. E., Elmaleh, M., Mendelsohn, M. M., Nemes, A., Tapia, J. C., Mentis, G. Z., & Shneider, N. A. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10465 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Schultz, C., Link, A., Leost, M., Zaharevitz, D. W., Gussio, R., Sausville, E. A., Meijer, L., & Kunick, C. (1999) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm9900570 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Motor neuron vulnerability and resistance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Nijssen, J., Comley, L. H., & Hedlund, E. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1708-8 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Chiu, A. Y., Zhai, P., Canto, M. C. D., Peters, T. M., Kwon, Y. W., Prattis, S. M., & Gurney, M. E. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1995.1027 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
VDAC1 selectively transfers apoptotic Ca2+ signals to mitochondria
Stefani, D. D., Bononi, A., Romagnoli, A., Messina, A. A., Pinto, V. D., Pinton, P., & Rizzuto, R. (2011) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2011.92 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS
Peters, O. M., Ghasemi, M., & Brown, R. H. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci71601 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Neuronal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Is a Determinant of Selective Neurodegeneration
Kaplan, A., Spiller, K. J., Towne, C. L., Kanning, K. C., Choe, G. T., Geber, A. B., Akay, T., Aebischer, P., & Henderson, C. E. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.009 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Self-citationKeene, C. D., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Eich, T., Chhabra, M. S., Steer, C. J., & Low, W. C. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.162362299 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Yang, Y. M., Gupta, S. K., Kim, K. J., Powers, B. E., Cerqueira, A., Wainger, B. J., Ngo, H. D., Rosowski, K. A., Schein, P. A., Ackeifi, C. A., et al. (2013) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.003 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Devlin, A., Burr, K., Borooah, S., Foster, J. D., Cleary, E. M., Geti, I., Vallier, L., Shaw, C. E., Chandran, S., & Miles, G. B. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6999 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Saxena, S., Roselli, F., Singh, K., Leptien, K., Julien, J.-P., Gros-Louis, F., & Caroni, P. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.07.027 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Interplay of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders
Cai, Y. C., Arikkath, J., Yang, L., Guo, M., Periyasamy, P., & Buch, S. J. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1121360 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
T Cells Deficient in Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Are Resistant to Apoptosis
Jayaraman, T., & Marks, A. R. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.17.6.3005 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Accelerated High-Yield Generation of Limb-Innervating Motor Neurons from Human Stem Cells
Amoroso, M. W., Croft, G. F., Williams, D. J., O’Keeffe, S., Carrasco, M. A., Davis, A. R., Roybon, L., Oakley, D. H., Maniatis, T., Henderson, C. E., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0906-12.2013 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationKramer, N. J., Haney, M. S., Morgens, D. W., Jovičić, A., Couthouis, J., Li, A., Ousey, J., Ma, R., Bieri, G., Tsui, C. K., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0070-7 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Elia, A. E., Lalli, S., Monsurrò, M. R., Sagnelli, A., Taiello, A. C., Reggiori, B., Bella, V. L., Tedeschi, G., & Albanese, A. (2015) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12664 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Cyclic AMP Elevation Is Sufficient to Promote the Survival of Spinal Motor NeuronsIn Vitro
Hanson, M. G., Shen, S., Wiemelt, A. P., McMorris, F. A., & Barres, B. A. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-18-07361.1998 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Functional Properties of Motoneurons Derived from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Miles, G. B., Yohn, D. C., Wichterle, H., Jessell, T. M., Rafuse, V. F., & Brownstone, R. M. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1972-04.2004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationA Quantitative Framework to Evaluate Modeling of Cortical Development by Neural Stem Cells
Stein, J. L., de la Torre-Ubieta, L., Tian, Y., Parikshak, N. N., Hernández, I. A., Marchetto, M. C., Baker, D. K., Lu, D., Hinman, C. R., Lowe, J. K., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.035 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Goeger, D. E., Riley, R. T., Dorner, J. W., & COLE, R. J. (1988) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(88)90195-5 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Sun, S., Sun, Y., Ling, S., Ferraiuolo, L., McAlonis‐Downes, M., Zou, Y., Drenner, K., Wang, Y., Ditsworth, D., Tokunaga, S., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1520639112 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Nunes, A. F., Amaral, J. D., Lo, A. C., Fonseca, M. B., Viana, R. J. S., Callaerts-Vegh, Z., D’Hooge, R., & Rodrigues, C. M. P. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8256-y · Cited by 192 · see citing works
A follow-up study of blood pressure and cerebral white matter lesions
de Leeuw, F., de Groot, J. C., Oudkerk, M., Witteman, J. C. M., Albert Hofman, D., van Gijn, J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1999) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:6 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Gros‐Louis, F., Soucy, G., Larivière, R., & Julien, J. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06683.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Ca2+, mitochondria and selective motoneuron vulnerability: implications for ALS
von Lewinski, F., & Keller, B. U. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.07.001 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Protein Kinase Cθ Is Required for Autophagy in Response to Stress in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Sakaki, K., Wu, J., & Kaufman, R. J. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m710209200 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular calcium dysregulation in ALS
Kawamata, H., & Manfredi, G. (2010) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2010.05.003 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Castro-Caldas, M., Carvalho, A. N., Rodrigues, E., Henderson, C. J., Wolf, C. R., Rodrigues, C. M. P., & Gama, M. J. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8295-4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, M.-L., Zang, T., & Zhang, C. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.018 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
C9ORF72 interaction with cofilin modulates actin dynamics in motor neurons
Sivadasan, R., Hornburg, D., Drepper, C., Frank, N., Jablonka, S., Hansel, A., Lojewski, X., Sterneckert, J. L., Hermann, A., Shaw, P. J., et al. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4407 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Defining the nature of human pluripotent stem cell progeny
Patterson, M., Chan, D. N., Ha, I., Case, D., Cui, Y., Handel, B. V., Mikkola, H. K., & Lowry, W. E. (2012) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2011.133 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Wang, J., Farr, G. W., Zeiss, C. J., Rodriguez‐Gil, D. J., Wilson, J. H., Furtak, K., Rutkowski, D. T., Kaufman, R. J., Ruse, C. I., Yates, J. R., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0813045106 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Keene, C. D., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Eich, T., Linehan-Stieers, C., Abt, A., Kren, B. T., Steer, C. J., & Low, W. C. (2001) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7755 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Lemonnier, J., Ghayor, C., Guicheux, J., & Caverzasio, J. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m308665200 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Neuromuscular transmission in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Maselli, R. A., Wollman, R. L., Leung, C. G., Distad, B. J., Palombi, S., Richman, D. P., Salazar‐Grueso, E. F., & Roos, R. P. (1993) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880161109 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Valk, G. D., de Sonnaville, J. J. J., van Houtum, W. H., Heine, R. J., van Eijk, J. T. M., Bouter, L. M., & Bertelsmann, F. W. (1997) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199701)20:1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Rbfox Splicing Factors Promote Neuronal Maturation and Axon Initial Segment Assembly
Jacko, M., Weyn‐Vanhentenryck, S. M., Smerdon, J. W., Yan, R., Feng, H., Williams, D. J., Pai, J. A., Xu, K., Wichterle, H., & Zhang, C. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.020 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationNaujock, M., Stanslowsky, N., Bufler, S., Naumann, M., Reinhardt, P., Sterneckert, J. L., Kefalakes, E., Kassebaum, C., Bursch, F., Lojewski, X., et al. (2016) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.2354 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Bile Acids in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Ackerman, H. D., & Gerhard, G. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00263 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Impairment of mitochondrial calcium handling in a mtSOD1 cell culture model of motoneuron disease
Jaiswal, M. K., Zech, W., Goos, M., Leutbecher, C., Ferri, A., Zippelius, A., Carrı̀, M. T., Nau, R., & Keller, B. U. (2009) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-64 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Roux, P. P., Dorval, G., Boudreau, M., Angers‐Loustau, A., Morris, S. J., Makkerh, J., & Barker, P. A. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m203428200 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Jaiswal, M. K., & Keller, B. U. (2008) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.108.050831 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Bernard‐Marissal, N., Moumen, A., Sunyach, C., Pellegrino, C., Dudley, K., Henderson, C. E., Raoul, C., & Pettmann, B. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5431-11.2012 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationUppala, J. K., Gani, A. R., & Ramaiah, K. V. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03940-1 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pirot, P., Eizirik, D. L., & Cardozo, A. K. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0214-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS
Peters, O. M., Ghasemi, M., & Brown, R. H. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci82693 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Tradewell, M. L., Cooper, L. A., Minotti, S., & Durham, H. D. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.016 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Meares, G. P., Mines, M. A., Beurel, E., Eom, T.-Y., Song, L., Zmijewska, A. A., & Jope, R. S. (2011) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.02.012 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Höing, S., Rudhard, Y., Reinhardt, P., Glatza, M., Stehling, M., Wu, G., Peiker, C., Böcker, A., Parga, J. A., Bunk, E. C., et al. (2012) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.07.005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kim, H. J., Magranè, J., Starkov, A. A., & Manfredi, G. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws208 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Doutheil, J., Gissel, C., Oschlies, U., Hossmann, K., & Paschen, W. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00899-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Sun, K.-H., Lee, H., Smith, M. A., & Shah, K. (2009) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-05-0433 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Development of MAP4 Kinase Inhibitors as Motor Neuron-Protecting Agents
Bos, P. H., Lowry, E. R., Costa, J. A., Thams, S., Garcia-Diaz, A., Zask, A., Wichterle, H., & Stockwell, B. R. (2019) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationTsujihata, M., Hazama, R., Yoshimura, T., Satoh, A., Mori, M., & Nagataki, S. (1984) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880070310 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
An, D., Fujiki, R., Iannitelli, D. E., Smerdon, J. W., Maity, S., Rose, M. F., Gelber, A., Wanaselja, E. K., Yagudayeva, I., Lee, J. Y., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.44423 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnson-Kerner, B., Ahmad, F., Diaz, A. G., Greene, J. P., Gray, S., Samulski, R., Chung, W., Coster, R. V., Maertens, P., Noggle, S., et al. (2015) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu556 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationKaemmerer, W. F., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Steer, C. J., & Low, W. C. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00017-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Subtype diversification and synaptic specificity of stem cell-derived spinal interneurons
Hoang, P. T., Chalif, J. I., Bikoff, J. B., Jessell, T. M., Mentis, G. Z., & Wichterle, H. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.016 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationJeohn, G., Wilson, B. C., Wetsel, W. C., & Hong, J. (2000) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00082-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Bile acid signaling in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders
Grant, S. M., & DeMorrow, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21175982 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases
Khalaf, K., Tornese, P., Cocco, A., & Albanese, A. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00307-z · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions
Chen, X., Huang, X., Wang, D., Yu, D., Hou, S., Cui, H., & Song, L. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01053-z · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Bile acids and neurological disease
Hurley, M. J., Bates, R., Macnaughtan, J., & Schapira, A. H. V. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108311 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ER Stress in TDP-43 and C9ORF72 ALS
Dafinca, R., Barbagallo, P., & Talbot, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.653688 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Nutritional and metabolic factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Ludolph, A. C., Dupuis, L., Kasarskis, E. J., Steyn, F. J., Ngo, S. T., & McDermott, C. J. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-023-00845-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Protein aggregation and therapeutic strategies in SOD1- and TDP-43- linked ALS
Tsekrekou, M., Giannakou, M., Papanikolopoulou, K., & Σκρέτας, Γ. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1383453 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Development of MAP4 Kinase Inhibitors as Motor Neuron-Protecting Agents
Bos, P. H., Lowry, E. R., Costa, J. A., Thams, S., Garcia-Diaz, A., Zask, A., Wichterle, H., & Stockwell, B. R. (2019) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationMir-17∼92 Confers Motor Neuron Subtype Differential Resistance to ALS-Associated Degeneration
Tung, Y.-T., Peng, K.-C., Chen, Y., Yen, Y.-P., Chang, M., Thams, S., & Chen, J. (2019) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationRomero‐Ramírez, L., & Mey, J. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25179279 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
An, D., Fujiki, R., Iannitelli, D. E., Smerdon, J. W., Maity, S., Rose, M. F., Gelber, A., Wanaselja, E. K., Yagudayeva, I., Lee, J. Y., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.44423 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationLarrea, D., Tamucci, K. A., Kabra, K., VELASCO, K. R., Yun, T. D., Pera, M., Montesinos, J., Agrawal, R. R., Paradas, C., Smerdon, J. W., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51578-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationLiver’s influence on the brain through the action of bile acids
Yeo, X. Y., Tan, L. Y., Chae, W. R., Lee, D., Lee, Y., Wüestefeld, T., & Jung, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1123967 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Subtype diversification and synaptic specificity of stem cell-derived spinal interneurons
Hoang, P. T., Chalif, J. I., Bikoff, J. B., Jessell, T. M., Mentis, G. Z., & Wichterle, H. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.016 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Roles of Bile Acids in Neuroinflammation
Butcher, E. L., & Arthur, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262311301 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Efficient Neuroprotective Rescue of Sacsin-Related Disease Phenotypes in Zebrafish
Naef, V., Marchese, M., Ogi, A., Fichi, G., Galatolo, D., Licitra, R., Doccini, S., Verri, T., Argenton, F., Morani, F., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168401 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Song, H., Liu, J., Wang, L., Hu, X., Li, J., Zhu, L., Pang, R., & Zhang, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1348844 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Volonté, C., Apolloni, S., & Sabatelli, M. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.006 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Albanese, A., Ludolph, A. C., McDermott, C. J., Corcia, P., Damme, P. V., van den Berg, L. H., Hardiman, O. M., Rinaldi, G., Vanacore, N., Dickie, B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1009113 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sahana, T. G., Chase, K. J., Liu, F., Lloyd, T. E., Rossoll, W., & Zhang, K. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1799-22.2023 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
In a search for efficient treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Old drugs for new approaches
Kukharsky, M. S., Skvortsova, V. I., Бачурин, С. О., & Buchman, V. L. (2020) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21725 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Garcia-Diaz, A., Efe, G., Kabra, K., Patel, A., Lowry, E. R., Shneider, N. A., Corneo, B., & Wichterle, H. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.028 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationTsioras, K., Smith, K. C., Edassery, S. L., Garjani, M., Li, Y., Williams, C., McKenna, E. D., Guo, W., Wilen, A. P., Hark, T. J., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113160 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Yen, Y.-P., Lung, T.-H., Liau, E. S., Wu, C., Huang, G., Hsu, F.-Y., Chang, M., Yang, Z.-D., Huang, C.-Y., Zheng, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59117-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
El‐Mansy, M. F., Reidl, C. T., Rahaman, M., Özdi̇nler, P. H., & Silverman, R. B. (2023) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21974 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bile Acids Induce Neurite Outgrowth in Nsc-34 Cells via TGR5 and a Distinct Transcriptional Profile
Ackerman, H. D., & Gerhard, G. S. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16020174 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lamas, N. J., & Roybon, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Drug Discovery · doi:10.3389/fddsv.2021.773424 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiome in neuroinflammation and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Shatunova, S., Aktar, R., Peiris, M., Lee, J. Y. P., Vetter, I., & Starobova, H. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176818 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Setsu, S., Morimoto, S., Nakamura, S., Ozawa, F., Utami, K. H., Nishiyama, A., Suzuki, N., Aoki, M., Takeshita, Y., Tomari, Y., et al. (2024) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.11.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Discovery of a Potent and Selective CDKL5/GSK3 Chemical Probe That Is Neuroprotective
Ong, H. W., Liang, Y., Richardson, W. A., Lowry, E. R., Wells, C. I., Chen, X., Silvestre, M., Dempster, K., Silvaroli, J. A., Smith, J. L., et al. (2023) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00135 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecision genetic cellular models identify therapies protective against ER stress
Lebedeva, I. V., Wagner, M. V., Sahdeo, S., Lu, Y., Anyanwu‐Ofili, A., Harms, M. B., Wadia, J. S., Rajagopal, G., Boland, M. J., & Goldstein, D. B. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04045-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Atmaramani, R., Dreossi, T., Ford, K., Gan, L., Mitchell, J. M., Tu, S., Velayutham, J., Zeng, H., Chickering, M., Soare, T., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.04.574270 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, M., Ma, S., Tai, W., Zhong, X., Ni, H., Zou, Y., Wang, J., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06395-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Watts, M. E., Giadone, R. M., Ordureau, A., Holton, K. M., Harper, J. W., & Rubin, L. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1327361 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fighting Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Protecting the Liver? A Prospective Cohort Study
Zhu, L., Li, Y., Yu, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Pang, C., Xie, J., Gao, L., Du, L., Cao, W., et al. (2024) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.27115 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Giudice, M. L., Cocco, A., Reggiardo, G., Lalli, S., & Albanese, A. (2023) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-023-01324-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lindblad, C., Neumann, S., Kolbeinsdóttir, S., Zachariadis, V., Thelin, E. P., Enge, M., Thams, S., Brundin, L., & Svensson, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/s12950-023-00349-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobiota–gut–brain axis and bile acids–driven neuromodulation
Dong, T., Zhang, T., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Abdullah, R., Sun, B., & Peng, G. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00927 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alteration of serum bile acids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Lee, I., Nandakumar, R., & Haeusler, R. A. (2024) · Lipids · doi:10.1002/lipd.12390 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Iannitelli, D. E., Tan, A., Nguyen, E., Babu, A., Elorza, S. D., Joseph, T., Zaaijer, S., An, D., Ward, M. E., & Mazzoni, E. O. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485939 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Altered MAM function shifts mitochondrial metabolism in SOD1-mutant models of ALSPreprint
Larrea, D., Tamucci, K. A., Kabra, K., VELASCO, K. R., Yun, T. D., Pera, M., Montesinos, J., Agrawal, R. R., Smerdon, J. W., Lowry, E. R., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.508778 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe “metabolic axis” of ALS : The role of body weight in disease pathogenesis
Dupuis, L., & Chiò, A. (2023) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.27784 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liu, M., Ma, S., Tai, W., Zhong, X., Ni, H., Zou, Y., wang, J., & Zhang, C. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.24.538014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) ameliorates age‐related skeletal muscle loss
Carvalho, M. U. W. B. D., Barssotti, L., dos Santos, L. M. B., Rosa, L. R. D. O., Gomes‐Marcondes, M. C. C., CARNEIRO, E. M., Barbosa, H. C. L., & Zangerolamo, L. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp290683 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Manufacturing of CAR-T Cells: The Assembly Line
Wang, X., & Rivière, I. (2022) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87849-8_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Potent and Selective CDKL5/GSK3 Chemical Probe is NeuroprotectivePreprint
Ong, H. W., Liang, Y., Richardson, W. A., Lowry, E. R., Wells, C. I., Chen, X., Silvestre, M., Dempster, K., Silvaroli, J. A., Smith, J. L., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527935 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationJalnapurkar, B., Le, D., Shainin, W., Zarcone, R., Bhatnagar, R., Chin, J., Corbin, C. K., Curt, C., Hodge, B. A., Martinez, F., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bile acids induce neurite outgrowth in NSC-34 cells via TGR5 and a distinct transcriptional profilePreprint
Gerhard, G. S., & Ackerman, H. D. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2326293/v1
Theme 9 Clinical Trials and Trial Design
(2024) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.1080/21678421.2024.2403306
- Authors
- Thams, S., Lowry, E. R., Larraufie, M.-H., Spiller, K. J., Li, H., Williams, D. J., Hoang, P., Jiang, E., Williams, L. A., Sandoe, J., Eggan, K., Lieberam, I., Kanning, K. C., Stockwell, B. R., Henderson, C. E., & Wichterle, H.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thams, Sebastian
- Wichterle, Hynek
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-101
- ISSN
- 1525-0016 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6318783
- OpenAlex
- W2896496883
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Project ALS
- Target ALS
- NIH (NS078097)
- DoD (W81XWH-16-1-0204)
- Swedish Wenner-Gren Foundation
- The Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni Ludovisi, née Bildt
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Keywords
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, motor neuron degeneration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, cyclopiazonic acid, SOD1 G93A mutation, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, kinase inhibitors, small molecule screening, neuroprotection, muscle denervation, ALS mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Superoxide Dismutase-1, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Indoles, Motor Neurons, Mutation, Stem Cells, Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid, Mice, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review