Suicidal behaviors and ideation during emerging viral disease outbreaks before the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic rapid review
Open accessAbstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is the most severe pandemic of the 21st century, on track to having a rising death toll. Beyond causing respiratory distress, COVID-19 may also cause mortality by way of suicide. The pathways by which emerging viral disease outbreaks (EVDOs) and suicide are related are complex and not entirely understood. We aimed to systematically review the evidence on the association between EVDOs and suicidal behaviors and/or ideation. An electronic search was conducted using five databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus in April 2020. A rapid systematic review was carried out, which involved separately and independently extracting quantitative data of selected articles. The electronic search yielded 2480 articles, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the data were collected in Hong Kong (n = 3) and the USA (n = 3). Four studies reported a slight but significant increase in deaths by suicide during EVDOs. The increase in deaths by suicide was mainly reported during the peak epidemic and in older adults. Psychosocial factors such as the fear of being infected by the virus or social isolation related to quarantine measures were the most prominent factors associated with deaths by suicide during EVDOs. Overall, we found scarce and weak evidence for an increased risk of deaths by suicide during EVDOs. Our results inform the need to orient public health policies toward suicide prevention strategies targeting the psychosocial effects of EVDOs. High-quality research on suicide risk and prevention are warranted during the current pandemic.
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A 2020 review of suicidal behaviors and ideation during emerging viral disease outbreaks before COVID-19 found weak evidence for a significant increase in suicidal attempts and deaths by suicide during those outbreaks.
“Nevertheless, a review done in 2020 to find the suicidal behaviors and ideation during emerging viral disease outbreaks before the COVID-19 pandemic found weak evidence to suggest a significant increase in suicidal attempts and deaths by suicide during emerging viral disease outbreaks [41].”
From Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal attempts and death rates: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [41]
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“I Can’t See an End in Sight.” How the COVID-19 Pandemic May Influence Suicide Risk
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- Authors
- Leaune, E., Samuel, M., Oh, H., Poulet, E., & Brunelin, J.
- Affiliations
- Lyon 1 Université (FR)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 141
- Pages
- 106264
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7531915
- OpenAlex
- W3089451530
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, COVID-19 pandemic, suicide risk, suicide prevention, quarantine, social isolation, fear of infection, older adults, psychosocial factors
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Virus Diseases, Pandemics, Suicidal Ideation
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