Modulation of the sleep electroencephalogram by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women
Abstract
Objective We performed an examination of the effects of estrogen replacement on the sleep electroencephalogram in postmenopausal women.Study design A sleep electroencephalogram was recorded in 11 postmenopausal women with and without estrogen administered by skin patch (50 microg of estradiol per day).Results Estrogen enhanced rapid-eye-movement sleep (50 +/- 4 vs 39 +/- 5 minutes, P <.05) and reduced time awake (12 +/- 5 vs 20 +/- 6 minutes, P <.05) during the first 2 sleep cycles. The normal decrease in slow-wave sleep and delta activity from the first to the second cycle (in percentage from the first cycle) was restored by estrogen (-56% +/- 9% vs -5% +/- 14% and -20% +/- 6% vs -2% +/- 5%; P <.05, respectively). Sigma electroencephalographic activity was increased by estrogen from the first to the second half of the night but decreased during baseline.Conclusion Estrogen treatment after menopause can help to restore the normal sleep electroencephalogram pattern, which in turn might contribute to improved cognitive functioning.
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Numerous other factors affect the sleep quality of menopausal women, such as neurological diseases, metabolic changes, weight gain, low exercise, medications, lifestyle, and changes in hormone levels.
“Numerous other factors affect the sleep quality of menopausal women such as neurological diseases, metabolic changes, weight gain and low levels of exercise, medications, lifestyle, and changes in hormone levels [60–62].”
From Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on mood, sleep quality and quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Antonijevic, I. A., Stalla, G. K., & Steiger, A.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 277-282
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986892313
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- estrogen replacement therapy, postmenopausal women, sleep EEG, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, delta oscillations, sleep architecture, cognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Electroencephalography, Estradiol, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Middle Aged, Progesterone, Sleep Stages, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Postmenopause
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