Brain maturation may be arrested in chronic cocaine addicts
Abstract
Background Animal and human newborn studies suggest that exposure to cocaine in utero delays glial maturation and white matter myelination. Postmortem data show that in the frontal and temporal lobes, white matter myelination continues into middle age. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have confirmed continued white matter volume increase in these regions, reaching a maximum at age 47.Methods Thirty-seven male cocaine dependent (CD) and 52 normal control subjects between ages 19 and 47 were evaluated with MRI. Coronal images focused on the frontal and temporal lobes were acquired using pulse sequences that maximized gray/white matter contrast.Results Highly significant positive correlations between white matter volume and age were observed in both the frontal and temporal lobes of the control group (r =.52, p =.0001 and r =.54, p =.0001, respectively); however, CD subjects did not demonstrate any age-related increase in white matter volume of the frontal (r = -.001; p =.99) and temporal (r = -.07; p =.67) lobes in this age range.Conclusions The age-related expansion in white matter volume occurring in normal control subjects was absent in CD subjects. The findings suggest that in adults, cocaine dependence may arrest normal white matter maturation in the frontal and temporal lobes of addicts who continue using cocaine.
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Cocaine-dependent people show weaker increases in white matter volume than are typical during brain maturation.
“cocaine-dependent individuals exhibit attenuated increases in white matter volume typical during brain maturation (Bartzokis et al., 2002).”
From Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research (2019) · cites this paper as Bartzokis et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Bartzokis, G., Beckson, M., Lu, P. H., Edwards, N., Bridge, P., & Mintz, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bartzokis, George
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 605-611
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2092760220
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r03mh051928-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 51928)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (1 Y01 DA 50038)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- cocaine dependence, white matter maturation, brain maturation, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, white matter volume, age-related brain development, chronic cocaine users, neuroimaging of addiction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aging, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Temporal Lobe, Case-Control Studies, Cocaine-Related Disorders
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