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Cited by 744Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsMemory and Neural MechanismsAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

Myelination of a Key Relay Zone in the Hippocampal Formation Occurs in the Human Brain During Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood

Benes, Francine M.·1994·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950060041004
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Abstract

Background A previous study demonstrated that myelination of the superior medullary lamina along the surface of the parahippocampal gyrus is occurring in human brain during adolescence. To further investigate whether postnatal increases of myelination may continue during the second decade and possibly even longer, the extent of myelination in this region has been analyzed in 164 psychiatrically normal individuals aged newborn to 76 years. Methods Cross sections of the hippocampal formation with adjoining hippocampal gyrus were analyzed on a blinded basis using either a global rating scale or measurements of the area of myelin staining. Results A curvilinear increase in the extent of myelination between the first and sixth decades of life (r = .71 and r = .67, respectively) was observed. When the area of myelination was expressed relative to brain weight, there was a twofold increase between the first and second decades and an additional increase of 60% between the fourth and sixth decades. Female subjects showed a significantly greater degree of myelin staining than did male subjects during the interval of ages 6 to 29 years; however, after the third decade, there were no gender differences in the area of myelin staining. Conclusions The increased staining of myelin during the first and second decades principally occurred in the subicular region and adjacent portions of the presubiculum. During the fourth through sixth decades, however, it extended to progressively more later…

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  • Cerebral white matter increases in the first four decades because of axonal myelination and may partially explain the observed GM loss.

    “Cerebral white matter increases in the first four decades because of axonal myelination (40) and may partially explain the observed GM loss (41, 42).”

    From Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood (2004) · cites this paper as [42]

  • Myelination is one of the most prolonged neurodevelopmental processes, continuing until the third decade of life.

    “Myelination is one of the most prolonged neurodevelopmental processes, continuing until the third decade of life (Benes et al., 1994; Fleschig, 1901; Miller et al., 2012; Yakovlev, 1967).”

    From Down Syndrome Developmental Brain Transcriptome Reveals Defective Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination (2016) · cites this paper as Benes et al., 1994

  • In the human hippocampus, myelination begins at 20 weeks gestational age; by age two many regions reach adult levels, although some areas continue to myelinate into adulthood.

    “In the human hippocampus, myelination begins at 20 weeks gestational age, and by age 2 years, many regions have attained adult levels of myelination — although some areas, such as the hilus of the dentate, continue to myelinate throughout childhood into adulthood212–214.”

    From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [214]

  • Increases in white matter occur through myelination of axons.

    “Simultaneously, increases in white matter occur through myelination of axons (Brody et al., 1987; Benes et al., 1994).”

    From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Benes et al., 1994

  • Maturation of low-level sensory and motor cortices occurs prior to prefrontal and temporal cortices involved in higher-level cognition and regulation of behavior.

    “Substantial regional variation exists, with maturation of low-level sensory and motor cortices occurring prior to prefrontal and temporal cortices involved in higher-level cognition and regulation of behavior (Yakovlev and Lecours, 1967; Benes et al., 1994; Sowell et al., 1999, Sowell et al., 2001 Gogtay et al., 2004).”

    From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Benes et al., 1994

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Authors
Benes, F. M.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Benes, Francine M.
ORCID
Benes, Francine M.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1994-06-01
Volume
51
Issue
6
Pages
477
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950060041004
OpenAlex
W2167187684
Cited by
744
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 43
FWCI
2.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH00423)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
myelination, hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum, presubiculum, postnatal brain development, sex differences, perforant path, cingulum, brain development
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Animals, Brain, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Myelin Sheath, Neural Pathways, Organ Size, Sex Factors

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