The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A one-dimensional model for frost formation on a cold flat surface
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In the citing paper
“Fig. 6b suggests that the model describes the measured frost surface temperature reasonably well except for some overprediction in the case of φ = 50% (where the data exhibit somewhat irregular behavior for times below about 40 min).”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Generally reasonable agreement is achieved between the model and the measurements for the frost thickness at the three values of φ = 50, 70 and 80% (Fig. 6a), although it must be admitted that the model somewhat underpredicts the data.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“At φ = 80%, the measured frost surface temperature increases to about -4 ºC, which is relatively close to the melting temperature.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“In the case of φ =50%, the model satisfactorily predicts that data up to t = 90 min, beyond which the data show a small jump in frost thickness.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“The measurements suggest that as the air velocity increases the frost thickness increases, with the data for V = 0.5 m/s and V = 1m/s approach each other for times in excess of about 110 minutes.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Existing frosting models have focused on predicting the characteristics of heat and mass transfer at the surfaces of basic geometries, such as a flat plate or cylindrical surface [1-12].”
From Performance prediction of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger considering air-flow reduction due to the frost accumulation (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“According to their correlations [9,10,11] frost thermal conductivity varies with its density.”
From Frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Part I—Modeling of frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers (2004) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, frost formation on flat plate and cylindrical surface is relatively well known and can be predicted reliably with existing models and correlations.”
From Modeling for predicting frosting behavior of a fin–tube heat exchanger (2006) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“relative to experiments, the average relative deviations are 17.01% for these representative literature models”
From A physics-informed quasi-steady frosting model with coupled heat–mass transfer for predicting frost layer growth (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“Lee et al. [11] presented a model that only considered the frost layer when calculating the frost formation on a cold flat surface.”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The model assumed that the humid air was saturated at the frost surface, while Webb and coworker [7,12] assumed that the humid air was supersaturated at the frost surface.”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In 1997, this method was used for the validation of the developed one-dimensional model for the frost formation on a cold flat surface by Lee et al. [44].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“the probe of the digital micrometer was made of acrylic resin to prevent frost from melting when it would come in contact with the frost surface.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“the frost thickness was decreased along the air flow direction, but they indicated the difference in frost thickness along air flow direction was negligible when the air velocity was higher than 2 m/s.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [75]
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Evaporator Frosting in Refrigerating Appliances: Fundamentals and Applications
Hermes, C. J. L., Boeng, J., Silva, D. L. D., Knabben, F. T., & Sommers, A. D. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14185991 · Cited by 31
“Therefore, the mass transfer coefficient can be expressed by hm = h/(cp Le2/3), where the Lewis number, Le = Sc/Pr = α/D, may be obtained either from empirical correlations [39,56] or assumed to be unity [32,43,47].”
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Moallem, E., Cremaschi, L., Fisher, D. E., & Hong, T. (2017) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.06.010 · Cited by 28
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Analysis of frost thickness and roughness growth from the perspective of frost crystal structure
Zhang, T., O'Neal, D. L., & McClain, S. T. (2020) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.12.019 · Cited by 27
Frosting in a heat pump evaporator part B: Numerical analysis
Popovac, M., Emhofer, J., & Reichl, C. (2021) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117488 · Cited by 26
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A frost model based on the frost layer's supporting function
Xu, Z., Wang, Z., Liang, Z., Chen, H., & Han, Z. (2023) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123741 · Cited by 26
An Experimental Study on the Frost Formation over a Flat Plate: Effect of Frosting on Heat Transfer
Saygin, A., Basol, A. M., & Arik, M. (2023) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2023.110862 · Cited by 26
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Characteristics of frost formation on two-dimensional fins and its empirical correlations
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Self-citationQiao, H., Aute, V., & Radermacher, R. (2017) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.020 · Cited by 25
Effect of heat transfer area distribution on frosting performance of refrigerator evaporator
Pegallapati, A. S., & Ramgopal, M. (2021) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121317 · Cited by 26
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Frost behavior on a fin considering the heat conduction of heat exchanger fins
Kim, J.-S., Lee, K.-S., & Yook, S.-J. (2009) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.12.023 · Cited by 25
Self-citationExperimental study on the thermal conductivity for transmission line icing
Zhu, Y.-C., Huang, X.-B., Jia, J.-Y., Tian, Y., Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Cui, Y.-T., & Li, X.-B. (2016) · Cold Regions Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.06.009 · Cited by 26
Experimental Characterization of Frost Growth on a Horizontal Plate Under Natural Convection
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Local frost behaviors of a scaled-up louvered fin heat exchanger
Park, J.-S., Kim, D. R., & Lee, K.-S. (2015) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.06.025 · Cited by 24
Self-citationDew and hoarfrost frequency, formation efficiency and chemistry in Wroclaw, Poland
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Three-dimensional microstructure of frost layer measured by using X-ray μCT
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“Experimental studies of Yonko and Sepsy (1967), Hayashi, Aoki, Adachi and Hori (1977), Ostin and Andersson (1991), Lee et al. (1997) and Wang et al. (2012) have shown the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the averaged frost density.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPredictive models on the frost formation for plain surface - a review and comparative study
Li, S., & Wang, C. (2021) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105670 · Cited by 24
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Modeling of a fan-supplied flat-tube heat exchanger exposed to non-uniform frost growth
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Modeling and Analysis of Frost Growth in Pilot-Scale Ambient Air Vaporizer
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A lattice Boltzmann study of frost growth on a cold surface
Gong, J., Hou, J., Li, G., Gao, T.-Y., & Sun, J.-J. (2018) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.08.012 · Cited by 17
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The effect of surface modification on initial ice formation on aluminum surfaces
Rahimi, M., Afshari, A., Fojan, P., & Gurevich, L. (2015) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.201 · Cited by 18
Experimental investigation of frost formation on a horizontal cold cylinder under cross flow
Barzanoni, Y., Noorshams, O., Tabrizi, H., & Damangir, E. (2011) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.02.011 · Cited by 16
An experimental study of the effect of air quality on frosting on cold flat surface
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Aluminium Alloy 8011: Surface Characteristics
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“These categories for frost growth are introduced first by Hayashi et al 1997 and then also observed by other researchers [13][14][15].”
Robust design of ambient-air vaporizer based on time-series clustering
Lee, Y.-K., Na, J., & Lee, W. B. (2018) · Computers and Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.08.026 · Cited by 12
Ye, H.-Y., Park, J., & Lee, K.-S. (2014) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.08.069 · Cited by 18
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“Articles that focused on the prediction of frost properties on conventional surfaces (especially thermal conductivity) include Tokura et al. (1983), Yang and Lee (2004), Yang et al. (2004), Yonko and Sepsy (1967), and Lee et al. (1997).”
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A physics-based model for frost buildup under turbulent flow using direct numerical simulations
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A predictive model of frost formation on leaf surface and estimation of frost amount
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Frost layer thickness measurement and calculation: A short review
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Free convection frost growth in a narrow vertical channel
Tanda, G., & Fossa, M. (2006) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.11.010 · Cited by 14
“Several models for frost growth have been proposed in the literature [9–15]; however, owing to the complexity of the phenomenon, the development of precise predictions of frost growth characteristics as well as of correlations to evaluate frost properties is still a demanding task.”
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ONSET AND GROWTH OF FROST ON OUTDOOR COILS OF AIR-SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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An Eulerian multiphase frost model based on heat transfer measurements
Saygin, A., Başol, A. M., & Arık, M. (2023) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124575 · Cited by 13
Critical operating conditions for prevention of frost formation in fin-tube heat exchangers
Ye, H.-Y., Park, J.-S., & Lee, K.-S. (2014) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.04.044 · Cited by 13
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Capacitive sensing of frost growth dynamics on aluminum surfaces with different wettabilities
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Numerical prediction of frosting growth characteristics of microchannel louvered fin heat exchanger
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Experimental study on behavior of initial frost crystal formation under lower water vapor pressures
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New frost property correlations for a flat-finned-tube heat exchanger
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Frost formation non-uniformity in a multi-circuit V-shape evaporator
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“There are several parameters that affect frost formation on outdoor coils, such as air velocity, air humidity, air temperature, cold surface temperature (Kondepudi and O′Neal 1989; Lee et al. 1997), surface energy and fin-base surface microscopic characteristics (include coatings and roughness or brazing fluxes) (Na a…”
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Thermal performance of peripheral-finned tube evaporators under frosting
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“This can affect not only the accuracy of the prediction of the frost thickness, but also the estimation of the frost thermal conductivity itself, which also depends on the choice of a specific correlation [19].”
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Moallem, E., Hong, T., Cremaschi, L., & Fisher, D. E. (2013) · Science and Technology for the Built Environment · doi:10.1080/10789669.2013.812500 · Cited by 9
“edu There are several parameters that affect frost formation on outdoor coils, such as air velocity, air humidity, air temperature, cold surface temperature (Kondepudi and O’Neal 1989; Lee et al. 1997), surface energy and fin-base surface microscopic characteristics (including coatings and roughness; Na and Webb 2003;…”
BackgroundInfluence of Longitudinal Fin Tubes Arrangement in LNG Ambient Air Vaporizers on the Wind Load
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Experimental investigation on thermal conductivity of cryogenic frost under forced convection
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Self-citationHeat Transfer In The Regenerative Heat Exchanger
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An experimental study of heat transfer on a tube bank under frost formation conditions
Ramírez-Hernández, H. G., Sánchez-Cruz, F. A., Solorio-Ordaz, F., & Martínez-Martínez, S. (2019) · International journal of refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.01.031 · Cited by 9
Benítez, T., Sherif, S. A., & Benítez, J. (2019) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.02.005 · Cited by 9
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Impact of Environmental Conditions on Frost Crystal Structure
Zhang, T., O'Neal, D., & McClain, S. (2020) · International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration · doi:10.1142/s2010132520500145 · Cited by 6
Effects of crystal formation on the initial frost thickness and density on cold surfaces
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Lattice Boltzmann model for predicting frosting process on surfaces considering wettability.
Zhang, S., Jiang, T.-L., Huang, H., Huang, L., & Zhang, L.-Z. (2023) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.107.065304 · Cited by 5
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“The authors of publication [3] proposed”
THE STUDY OF TEMPERATURE PROFILE INSIDE WAX DEPOSITION LAYER OF WAXY CRUDE OIL IN PIPELINE
Tian, Z., Jin, W., Wang, L., & Jin, Z. H. (2014) · Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.5098/hmt.5.5 · Cited by 7
“Currently, temperature profile from the center of oil flow in pipe to the surface of sediments was more studied by scholars (Svendsen, 1993; Zhang, 2009; Huang, 2000; Singh et al., 2001; Hoffmann and Amundsen, 2009; Patankar, 1980; Flajolet et al., 1994; Aiyejina et al., 2011; Bidmus, 2003; Bidmus et al., 2004; Banki…”
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“Other methods include coupling a camera with a microscope (Cai et al. 2011; Huang and Liu 2010; Wang et al. 2012), using a micrometer (Lee et al. 2003, 1997; Sahin 1994; Yang and Lee 2004; Yun et al. 2002) and using a cathetometer (Sahin 1994; Hayashi et al. 1977).”
MethodInfluentialVariation of Frost Roughness on a Flat Plate Under Forced Convection
Tongxin, Z., O’Neal, D. L., & McClain, S. T. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications · doi:10.1115/1.4047570 · Cited by 7
The characteristics of frost growth on parallel plates
Han, H. D., & Ro, S. T. (1999) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/bfb0104171 · Cited by 7
“Studies on parallel plates include those of Brian [8], Yamakawa [9], O'Neal [3] and Lee [ 10 ].”
ResultByun, S., Won, J., Song, J., Jeong, H., & Lee, K.-S. (2025) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108588 · Cited by 6
Self-citationHan, Z., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Han, B., & Chang, H. (2025) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127185 · Cited by 6
Frost Growth Investigation and Temperature Glide Refrigerants in a Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
Keryakos, E., Clodic, D., Toubassy, J., & Descombes, G. (2017) · International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration · doi:10.1142/s2010132517500092 · Cited by 6
Analysis of the frost layer growth process based on melting-reconsolidation
Xu, Z., Chen, H., Han, Z., Wang, Z., & Cong, S. (2024) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125234 · Cited by 6
Quick estimation of frost growth on cold fins through thermal network analysis
Kim, S., & Lee, S.-Y. (2014) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.07.015 · Cited by 6
A scale-bridging model for ice particles melting in air
Bansal, H., Ghaemi, S., & Nikrityuk, P. A. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2017.06.023 · Cited by 6
Experimental study of heat and mass transfer in CO2 frost formation on a cryogenic cylinder
Oyinloye, M. A., Michaux, S., Benitez, M. G., Sreedharan, S. S., Magara, M. B., & Roberts, W. L. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107759 · Cited by 5
A Numerical Investigation of Frost Growth on Cold Surfaces Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Gong, J., Hou, J., Sun, J., Li, G., & Gao, T. (2018) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en11082077 · Cited by 5
Frost Formation and Heat Transfer on a Cold Surface in Ice Fog
Mago, P. J., & Sherif, S. A. (2004) · AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit · doi:10.2514/6.2004-164 · Cited by 5
Analysis Study of Performance of CO2Microchannel Evaporator According to Frost Growth
Shin, E.-S., & Cho, H. (2012) · 설비공학논문집 · doi:10.6110/kjacr.2012.24.10.724 · Cited by 5
“(1) 본 연구에서 설계된 이산화탄소용 마이크로 채널 증발기에서 시간이 경과함에 따라 서리두께는 점점 증가하였으며 서리의 성장률은 점차 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 증발기에서 냉매의 건도 가 약 0.”
Frost Formation on Fan-Supplied Tube-Fin Evaporators: A Visual and Numerical Analysis
Silva, D. L. D. (2012) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · Cited by 5
A Non-Restrictive Solution to Frost Growth and Densification on Flat Surfaces
Hollon, D., Truster, N., Byrd, L. W., Román, A. J., & Wolff, M. (2023) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124578 · Cited by 4
Correlation of Critical Air Temperature for Frost Delay on a Cold Plate
Kim, J.-S., Kim, Y.-Y., Kim, O.-J., & Lee, K.-S. (2006) · Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B · doi:10.3795/ksme-b.2006.30.12.1188 · Cited by 4
Self-citationBezovsky, M., Stričík, M., & Praščáková, M. (2010) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.02.031 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, K.-S., Kim, W.-S., & Lee, T.-H.
- Affiliations
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Venue
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 4359-4365
- ISSN
- 0017-9310 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122043584
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Adsorption and Cooling Systems
- Keywords
- frost formation, frost layer, sublimation, heat generation, water vapor concentration, absorption coefficient, one-dimensional model, analytical model
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