A one-dimensional model for frost formation on a cold flat surface
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The model describes the measured frost surface temperature reasonably well except for some overprediction at φ = 50% (where data exhibit irregular behavior for times below about 40 min).
“Fig. 6b suggests that the model describes the measured frost surface temperature reasonably well except for some overprediction in the case of φ = 50% (where the data exhibit somewhat irregular behavior for times below about 40 min).”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
Generally reasonable agreement is achieved between the model and measurements for frost thickness at φ = 50, 70, and 80%, although the model somewhat underpredicts the data.
“Generally reasonable agreement is achieved between the model and the measurements for the frost thickness at the three values of φ = 50, 70 and 80% (Fig. 6a), although it must be admitted that the model somewhat underpredicts the data.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
At φ = 80%, the measured frost surface temperature increases to about -4 oC, which is relatively close to the melting temperature.
“At φ = 80%, the measured frost surface temperature increases to about -4 ºC, which is relatively close to the melting temperature.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
For φ = 50%, the model satisfactorily predicts the data up to t = 90 min, beyond which the data show a small jump in frost thickness.
“In the case of φ =50%, the model satisfactorily predicts that data up to t = 90 min, beyond which the data show a small jump in frost thickness.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
The measurements suggest that as air velocity increases, frost thickness increases, with data for V = 0.5 m/s and V = 1 m/s approaching each other for times in excess of about 110 minutes.
“The measurements suggest that as the air velocity increases the frost thickness increases, with the data for V = 0.5 m/s and V = 1m/s approach each other for times in excess of about 110 minutes.”
From Frost growth and densification in laminar flow over flat surfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
Existing frosting models have focused on predicting heat and mass transfer characteristics at surfaces of basic geometries such as a flat plate or cylindrical surface.
“Existing frosting models have focused on predicting the characteristics of heat and mass transfer at the surfaces of basic geometries, such as a flat plate or cylindrical surface [1-12].”
From Performance prediction of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger considering air-flow reduction due to the frost accumulation (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
Frost thermal conductivity varies with its density.
“According to their correlations [9,10,11] frost thermal conductivity varies with its density.”
From Frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Part I—Modeling of frost formation on fin-and-tube heat exchangers (2004) · cites this paper as [11]
Frost formation on flat plate and cylindrical surfaces is relatively well known and can be predicted reliably with existing models and correlations.
“Therefore, frost formation on flat plate and cylindrical surface is relatively well known and can be predicted reliably with existing models and correlations.”
From Modeling for predicting frosting behavior of a fin–tube heat exchanger (2006) · cites this paper as [2]
For δfr, the representative literature models (Lenic et al. [27], Armengol et al. [28], Lee et al. [48], Yang et al. [50], and Wong et al. [57]) have an average relative deviation of 17.01% relative to experiments (11 operating conditions, 118 data points).
“relative to experiments, the average relative deviations are 17.01% for these representative literature models”
From A physics-informed quasi-steady frosting model with coupled heat–mass transfer for predicting frost layer growth (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
Lee et al. [11] presented a model that only considered the frost layer when calculating frost formation on a cold flat surface.
“Lee et al. [11] presented a model that only considered the frost layer when calculating the frost formation on a cold flat surface.”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
The model of Lee et al. [11] assumed that the humid air was saturated at the frost surface, while Webb and coworker [7,12] assumed that the humid air was supersaturated at the frost surface.
“The model assumed that the humid air was saturated at the frost surface, while Webb and coworker [7,12] assumed that the humid air was supersaturated at the frost surface.”
From Numerical Simulation of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
In 1997, this method was used for the validation of the developed one-dimensional model for the frost formation on a cold flat surface by Lee et al.
“In 1997, this method was used for the validation of the developed one-dimensional model for the frost formation on a cold flat surface by Lee et al. [44].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
The probe of the digital micrometer was made of acrylic resin to prevent frost from melting when it would come in contact with the frost surface.
“the probe of the digital micrometer was made of acrylic resin to prevent frost from melting when it would come in contact with the frost surface.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
Frost thickness decreases along the air flow direction, but the difference in frost thickness along air flow direction is negligible when the air velocity is higher than 2 m/s.
“the frost thickness was decreased along the air flow direction, but they indicated the difference in frost thickness along air flow direction was negligible when the air velocity was higher than 2 m/s.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [75]
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“On the contrary, Lee et al. (1997) consider frost density as a function of mass flux of densification.”
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Xia, Y., & Jacobi, A. M. (2010) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.09.021 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The frost restraining effect of solar air collector applied to air source heat pump
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Frost formation and heat transfer on a cold surface in ice fog
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Modeling of the frost deposition by natural convection on horizontal ultra-low-temperature surfaces
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Mechanisms of trace water vapor frosting on a cryogenic surface in nitrogen gas flow
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Three dimensional reconstruction of frost structure by replica method
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Theoretical study on the critical heat and mass transfer characteristics of a frosting tube
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“[19], the heat conductive coefficient lf is always a single valued function to the frost density rf.”
Background
- Authors
- Lee, K.-S., Kim, W.-S., & Lee, T.-H.
- Affiliations
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Venue
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 4359-4365
- ISSN
- 0017-9310 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122043584
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Adsorption and Cooling Systems
- Keywords
- frost formation, frost layer, sublimation, heat generation, water vapor concentration, absorption coefficient, one-dimensional model, analytical model
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