The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stereotype Lift
Overview
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Registry
Cites
Statistics
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Claims the paper makes
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Self-check
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Citations
Cites
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 · Cited by 9,020
A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
Steele, C. M. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.6.613 · Cited by 6,770
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
Devine, P. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5 · Cited by 5,673
Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance
Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1373 · Cited by 3,435
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230 · Cited by 2,736
Downward comparison principles in social psychology
Wills, T. A. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.245 · Cited by 2,705
Toward a self‐evaluation maintenance model of social behavior
Tesser, A. (1988) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60227-0 · Cited by 1,878
Stereotype threat effects on Black and White athletic performance
Stone, J., Lynch, C. I., Sjomeling, M., & Darley, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1213 · Cited by 712
Gender identification moderates stereotype threat effects on women's math performance
Schmader, T. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1500 · Cited by 711
Female role models: protecting women's math test performance
Marx, D. M., & Roman, J. S. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672022812004 · Cited by 621
Cited by
The Social Psychology of Stigma
Major, B., & O'Brien, L. T. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137 · Cited by 3,114
Sisk, V. F., Burgoyne, A. P., Sun, J., Butler, J. L., & Macnamara, B. N. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797617739704 · Cited by 1,159
Spencer, S. J., Logel, C., & Davies, P. G. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-073115-103235 · Cited by 920
Davies, P. G., Spencer, S. J., & Steele, C. M. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.2.276 · Cited by 713
Shapiro, J. R., & Williams, A. M. (2012) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-0051-0 · Cited by 501
Metadata
- Authors
- Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 456-467
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4243964729
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 32.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Stereotype Lift. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00019-2
- The paper
- Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). Stereotype Lift. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00019-2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
