Cited by 1,025Open Source Software InnovationsSoftware Engineering Techniques and PracticesDigital Platforms and Economics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: a case study

Open access

von Krogh, Georg, Spaeth, Sebastian, Lakhani, Karim R·2003·Research Policy

DOI 10.1016/s0048-7333(03)00050-7

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0048-7333(03)00050-7

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 · Cited by 39,449
Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm
Grant, R. M. (1996) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250171110 · Cited by 16,157
Bounded rationality and organizational learning
Simon, H. A. (1991) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.125 · Cited by 3,028
The Assimilation of Software Process Innovations: An Organizational Learning Perspective
Fichman, R. G., & Kemerer, C. F. (1997) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.43.10.1345 · Cited by 811
The power of gifts: organizing social relationships in open source communities
Bergquist, M., & Ljungberg, J. (2001) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.2001.00111.x · Cited by 480

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 53

Baldwin, C.Y., Clark, K.B., 2000. Design Rules, vol. 1. The Power of Modularity. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. · DOI · Paper page
Banker, 1994, Evidence of economies of scale in software development, Information and Software Technology, 36, 275, 10.1016/0950-5849(94)90083-3 · DOI
Bidault, 2001, Technology transactions—networks over markets, R&D Management, 24, 373, 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00891.x · DOI
Caban, 2001, Estimating software development costs for a patient multimedia education project, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 8, 185, 10.1136/jamia.1997.0040025 · DOI
Callhoun, 1986, The radicalism of tradition: community strength or venerable disguise and borrowed language?, American Journal of Sociology, 88, 886
Clarke, I., 1999. A distributed decentralised information storage and retrieval system, Unpublished Masters Thesis. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
Clarke, I., Sandberg, O., Wiley, B., Hong, T.W., 2000. Freenet: a distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system. In: Proceedings of the Paper Presented at the Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies in International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. Berkeley, CA. · DOI
Cortazar, 1997, Non-redundant groups, the assurance game, and the origin of collective action, Public Choice, 92, 41, 10.1023/A:1017918201106 · DOI
Cosgel, 1999, Job rotation—cost, benefits and stylized facts, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 155, 301
Demsetz, 1967, Towards a theory of property rights, American Economic Review, 57, 347
Eckstein, 2001, Community as gift-giving: collective roots of volunteerism, American Sociological Review, 66, 829, 10.2307/3088875 · DOI
Emurian, 2000, Learning Java—a programmed instruction approach using applets, Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 395, 10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00019-4 · DOI
Glass, 1992, Software tasks: intellectual or clerical, Information and Management, 23, 183, 10.1016/0378-7206(92)90043-F · DOI
Grandstrand, O., 1999. The Economics and Managment of Intellectual Property: Towards Intellectual Capitalism. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. · DOI
Herrman, S., Hertel, G., Niedner, S., 2003. Motivation of software developers in open source projects: an Internet-based survey of contributors to the Linux kernel. Research Policy (special issue on open source software development). · DOI · Paper page
Humphrey, W.S., 1995. Discipline for Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley.
Jorgenson, D.L., 1989. Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies. Sage, Newbury Park, CA. · DOI
Kemerer, 1999, An empirical approach to studying software evolution, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 25, 493, 10.1109/32.799945 · DOI
Khoshgoftaar, 2001, Cost-benefit analysis of software quality models, Software Quality Journal, 19, 9, 10.1023/A:1016621219262 · DOI
Koch, S., Schneider, G., 2000. Results from software engineering research into open source development projects using dublic data. In: Hansen, H.R., Janko, W.H. (Eds.), Tätigkeitsfeld Informationsverarbeitung und Informationswirtschaft.
Koch, 2002, Effort, cooperation and coordination in an open source software project: GNOME, Information Systems Journal, 12, 27, 10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00110.x · DOI
Kohanski, D., 1998. Moths in the Machine. St. Martin’s Press, New York, NY.
Kohanski, D., 2000. Moths in the Machine: The Power and Perils of Programming, 2nd Ed. St. Martin’s Press, New York.
Lakhani, K., von Hippel, E., 2003. How open source software works: “Free” user-to-user assistance. Research Policy (forthcoming). · DOI
Lerner, 2002, Some simple economics of open source, Journal of Industrial Economics, 50, 197, 10.1111/1467-6451.00174 · DOI · Paper page
Lindbeck, 2000, Multitask learning and the reorganization of work—from Tayloristic to Holistic organization, Journal of Labor Economics, 18, 353, 10.1086/209962 · DOI
Lovgren, 2000, Group-dynamics in projects: don’t forget the social aspects, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 126, 156, 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2000)126:4(156) · DOI
Luthje, C., Herstatt, C., von Hippel, E., 2002. The Dominant Role of “Local” Information in User Innovation: The Case of Mountain Biking. MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper, #4377-02. · DOI
MacCormack, A., Verganti, R., Iansiti, 2001. Developing products on “Internet Time”: the anatomy of flexible development process. Management Science 47(1), 133–150. · DOI
Meyers, 1997, Qualitative research in information-systems, MIS Quarterly, 21, 241, 10.2307/249422 · DOI
Meyer, 1998, Product platforms in software development, Sloan Management Review, 40, 61
Mockus, 2002, Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and mozilla, ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 11, 1, 10.1145/567793.567795 · DOI · Paper page
Moody, G., 2001. Rebel Code: Inside Linux and the Open Source Revolution. Perseus Press, New York.
Nambisan, 2000, Software development and new product development: potential for cross-domain knowledge sharing, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 47, 211, 10.1109/17.846788 · DOI
Nonneke, B., Preece, J., 2000. Lurker demographics: counting the silent. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. Association for Computing Machinery, ACM Press, New York, pp. 73–80. · DOI
Numagami, 1998, The infeasiblity of invariant laws in management studies: a reflective dialog in defense of case studies, Organization Science, 9, 2, 10.1287/orsc.9.1.1 · DOI
Olson, M., 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. · DOI · Paper page
Pliskin, 1991, The knowledge contribution of engineers to software development: a case study, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 38, 344, 10.1109/17.97441 · DOI
Rauscher, 1995, Time-driven development of software in manufactured goods, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 186, 10.1111/1540-5885.1230186 · DOI
Sauer, 2000, The effectiveness of software development technical reviews: a behaviorally motivated program of research, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 26, 1, 10.1109/32.825763 · DOI
Sawhney, 2000, Communities of creation: managing distributed innovation in turbulent markets, California Management Review, 42, 24, 10.2307/41166052 · DOI
Sonnentag, 1995, Excellent software professionals: experience, work activities, and perceptions by peers, Behaviour & Information Technology, 14, 289, 10.1080/01449299508914648 · DOI
Stake, R.E., 1995. Case studies. In: Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 236–247.
Stallman, R., 1999. The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement. In: DiBona, C., Ockman, S., Stone, M. (Eds.), Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution. O’Reilly, Sebastapol, CA, pp. 53–70.
Swanson, 1994, Information systems innovation among organizations, Management Science, 40, 1069, 10.1287/mnsc.40.9.1069 · DOI
Taylor, 1993, The communal resource: transaction cost and the solution to collective action problems, Politics and Society, 21, 195, 10.1177/0032329293021002004 · DOI
Tilly, C., 1999. Durable Inequality. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. · DOI
von Hippel, 2001, Innovation by user communities: learning from open-source software, Sloan Management Review, 42, 82
von Hippel, E., von Krogh, G., 2003. Open source software and the private-collective innovation model: issues for organization science. Organization Science 14 (2), 209–233. · DOI · Paper page
von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., Nonaka, I., 2000. Enabling Knowledge Creation. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. · DOI
von Krogh, 2002, The communal resource and information systems, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11, 85, 10.1016/S0963-8687(02)00006-9 · DOI · Paper page
Waterson, 1997, The dynamics of work organization, knowledge and technology during software development, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46, 81, 10.1006/ijhc.1996.0084 · DOI
Wenger, E., 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 741

Using Repository of Repositories (RoRs) to Study the Growth of F/OSS Projects: A Meta-Analysis Research Approach
Sowe, S. K., Angelis, L., Stamelos, I., & Manolopoulos, Y. (2007) · International Conference on Open Source Systems · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_12 · Cited by 33
“A huge amount of data is available to study community participation in F/OSS projects [2, 10, 1, 9, 13] and developer and user involvement in projects mailing list [21, 25, 14, 15].”
Background
Engaging customers in demand response programs: The role of reward and punishment in customer adoption in Switzerland
Gamma, K., Mai, R., Cometta, C., & Loock, M. (2021) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.101927 · Cited by 43
Open source content contributors’ response to free-riding: The effect of personality and context
Nov, O., & Kuk, G. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.04.009 · Cited by 29
“Open source software and content development initiatives have grown substantially in recent years (e.g. Awazu & Desouza, 2004; von Krogh et al., 2003).”
Background
Additive Manufacturing and Business Models: Current Knowledge and Missing Perspectives
Öberg, C., Shams, T., & Asnafi, N. (2018) · Technology Innovation Management Review · doi:10.22215/timreview/1162 · Cited by 33
“…developments in business: the co-production and increased fuzziness between producers and consumers as crowds and communities affect design and production procedures (Ebner et al., 2009; Gulati et al., 2012; von Krogh et al., 2003) that would not be the direct consequence of additive manufacturing.”
Background
Peer impressions in open source organizations: A survey
Bosu, A., Carver, J. C., Guadagno, R. E., Bassett, B., McCallum, D. M., & Hochstein, L. (2014) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2014.03.061 · Cited by 28
“Conversely, if an OSS participant’s experiences are continually negative, he or she will eventually leave the project (Von Krogh et al., 2003).”
Background
Identifying collaborative innovation capabilities within knowledge‐intensive environments
Barbaroux, P. (2012) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/14601061211220995 · Cited by 31
Corporate Involvement of Libre Software: Study of Presence in Debian Code over Time
Robles, G., Dueñas, S., & Gonzalez-Barahona, J. M. (2007) · International Conference on Open Source Systems · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_10 · Cited by 31
“…in libre software (among others, see [6, 19]) and especially on activities performed by volunteers [12, 17], including their integration process [20], the involvement of software companies in the phenomenon has been rarely attended and if it has been mainly from the point of view of business…”
Background
The ownership of digital infrastructure: Exploring the deployment of software libraries in a digital innovation cluster
Fink, L., Shao, J., Lichtenstein, Y., & Haefliger, S. (2020) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1177/0268396220936705 · Cited by 36
Core-periphery communication and the success of free/libre open source software projects
Crowston, K., & Shamshurin, I. (2016) · Journal of Internet Services and Applications · doi:10.1186/s13174-017-0061-4 · Cited by 30
“iphery is the source of new core members [12, 13], so maintaining a strong periphery is important to the longterm success of a project.”
Coping with duplicate bug reports in free/open source software projects
Davidson, J., Mohan, N., & Jensen, C. (2011) · IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages / Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments · doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2011.6070386 · Cited by 30
“[23] and Panjer [20] studied how long it takes to fix bugs, or how long a bug stays open.”
Background
Psychological Safety Effects on Knowledge Sharing in Project Teams
Agarwal, U. A., & Anantatmula, V. S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3087313 · Cited by 43
“Knowledge is a difficult and complex process that involves intricate human behaviors [44] and alterations in cognition [99]”
Background
Coworking spaces and collaborative practices
Yacoub, G., & Haefliger, S. (2022) · Organization · doi:10.1177/13505084221074037 · Cited by 37
“And while emerging collaboration can partly be attributed to firms and communities liaising with a breadth of partners outside firms’ boundaries (Fabbri and Charue-Duboc, 2013; von Krogh et al., 2003; West et al., 2014) the practices that lead to collaboration in coworking spaces remain unexplored.”
Background
A theory of the engagement in open source projects via summer of code programs
da Silva, J. B. B., Wiese, I., Germán, D. M., Treude, C., Gerosa, M. A., & Steinmacher, I. (2020) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/3368089.3409724 · Cited by 25
“Many studies focus on newcomers onboarding to OSS projects [29, 56, 57].”
Background
Manipulation of explicit reputation in innovation and knowledge exchange communities: The example of referencing in science
Zaggl, M. A. (2017) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.009 · Cited by 33
Bridges and barriers to hardware-dependent software ecosystem participation – A case study
Wnuk, K., Runeson, P., Lantz, M., & Weijden, O. (2014) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2014.05.015 · Cited by 24
Patterns for tearing down contribution barriers to FLOSS projects
Wolff-Marting, V., Hannebauer, C., & Gruhn, V. (2013) · New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques · doi:10.1109/somet.2013.6645669 · Cited by 27
“The next layer contains the co-developers who contribute source code.”
Background
On the Relationship between Newcomer Motivations and Contribution Barriers in Open Source Projects
Hannebauer, C., & Gruhn, V. (2017) · International Symposium on Open Collaboration · doi:10.1145/3125433.3125446 · Cited by 27
“Von Krogh et al. [38] ﬁrst introduced the terms contribution barrier and joining script in the context of OSS projects.”
Background
Onboarding in Open Source Software Projects: A Preliminary Analysis
Fagerholm, F., Johnson, P., Guinea, A. S., Borenstein, J., & Münch, J. (2013) · IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering Workshops (ICGSEW) · doi:10.1109/icgsew.2013.8 · Cited by 25
“s that impact the process [12], [13]. Despite the importance attributed to onboarding, only few studies have directly examined onboarding in open source projects, but some work does exist (e.g. [14], [15]). However, factors that have been identiﬁed as highly important in previous research on onboarding have been large…”
Background
Human Capital Development for Programmers Using Open Source Software
Mehra, A., & Mookerjee, V. (2012) · MIS Q. · doi:10.2307/41410408 · Cited by 28
Modelling Mailing List Behaviour in Open Source Projects: the Case of ARM Embedded Linux
Barrero, F., Torres, M. D. R. M., & Toral, S. L. (2020) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.3217/jucs-015-03-0648 · Cited by 24
“Most of them are focused on the nature of community participation in OSS projects mailing lists [Sowe et al., 2006; Krogh et al., 2003; Lakhani and Hippel, 2003].”
Background
How good are ideas identified by an automatic idea detection system?
Christensen, K., Scholderer, J., Hersleth, S. A., Næs, T., Kvaal, K., Mollestad, T., Veflen, N., & Risvik, E. (2018) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/caim.12260 · Cited by 31
Being a Mentor in open source projects
Steinmacher, I., Balali, S., Trinkenreich, B., Guizani, M., Izquierdo-Cortázar, D., Zambrano, G. G. C., Gerosa, M. A., & Sarma, A. (2021) · Journal of Internet Services and Applications · doi:10.1186/s13174-021-00140-z · Cited by 22
Newcomer integration and learning in technical support communities for open source software
Singh, V. (2012) · Group · doi:10.1145/2389176.2389186 · Cited by 27
“[16] von Krogh et al (2003) differentiated between “joiners and newcomers” and how the role changed once a user was given access to the developer community in the open source community Freenet.”
Common characteristics of open source software development and applicability for drug discovery: a systematic review
Årdal, C., Alstadsæter, A., & Røttingen, J. (2011) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/1478-4505-9-36 · Cited by 22
“Once a comfort level is achieved, they move to the next level reporting bugs, possibly followed by developing code and with sufficient commitment and demonstrated ability becoming a com-mitter [35,42].”
BackgroundInfluential
Dual Allegiance and Knowledge Sharing in Open Source Software Firms
Chan, J., & Husted, K. (2010) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00566.x · Cited by 28
Who contributes voluntarily to OSS? An investigation among German IT employees
Bitzer, J., & Geishecker, I. (2009) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.007 · Cited by 28
Exploring the relationship between types of family involvement and collaborative innovation in design-intensive firms: insights from two leading players in the furniture industry
Magistretti, S., Dell’Era, C., Massis, A. D., & Frattini, F. (2019) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2019.1623762 · Cited by 28
“This allowed us to reinforce and confirm both our measures and the emerging body of evidence (Von Krogh, Spaeth, and Lakhani 2003).”
Result
A theory of openness for software engineering tools in software organizations
Munir, H., Runeson, P., & Wnuk, K. (2017) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2017.12.008 · Cited by 26
End-User Programmers and their Communities: An Artifact-based Analysis
Stolee, K. T., Elbaum, S. G., & Sarma, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the ... ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement/International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement · doi:10.1109/esem.2011.23 · Cited by 27
“more central roles [8] [9] [10] [11].”
Background
The Economics of Open source Software Development
Bitzer, J., & Schröder, P. J. H. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452769-1/50001-9 · Cited by 93
The creation of social and intellectual capital in virtual communities of practice: shaping social structure in virtual communities of practice
von Wartburg, I., Rost, K., & Teichert, T. (2006) · International Journal of Learning and Change · doi:10.1504/ijlc.2006.010972 · Cited by 26
Roles and politeness behavior in community-based free/libre open source software development
Wei, K., Crowston, K., Eseryel, U. Y., & Heckman, R. (2017) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2016.11.006 · Cited by 26
“Page 4 of 35 periphery is the source of new core members [13, 14], so maintaining a strong periphery is important to the long-term success of the project.”
Background
Effective team onboarding in Agile software development: techniques and goals
Buchan, J., MacDonell, S. G., & Yang, J. M. J. (2019) · Proceedings of the ... ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement/International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement · doi:10.1109/esem.2019.8870189 · Cited by 28
Optimizing value creation and value capture with a digital multi‐sided business model
Gandia, R., & Parmentier, G. (2017) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/jsc.2134 · Cited by 36
Magnet or Sticky? Measuring Project Characteristics from the Perspective of Developer Attraction and Retention
Yamashita, K., Kamei, Y., McIntosh, S., Hassan, A. E., & Ubayashi, N. (2016) · Journal of Information Processing · doi:10.2197/ipsjjip.24.339 · Cited by 28
“[38] found that new joiners to the Freenet project will more likely undertake certain actions than long-term developers.”
Background
Seeing eye to eye? An exploratory study of free open source software users’ perceptions
Gwebu, K. L., & Wang, J. (2010) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.011 · Cited by 27
Opening the Platform vs. Opening the Complementary Good? The Effect on Product Innovation in Handheld ComputingPreprint
Boudreau, K. J. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1251167 · Cited by 25
Why profit-oriented companies enter the OS field?
Rossi, C., & Bonaccorsi, A. J. (2005) · ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes · doi:10.1145/1082983.1083269 · Cited by 22
“Low opportunity costs [ 1 ] Monetary rewards [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] Reputation among peers [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] Future career benefits [ 7 ] Learning [ 8 ] Contributions from the community [ 9 ] Technological concerns [ 10 ] E X T R I N S I C Filling an unfilled market [ 2 ] Creative pleasure (Fun to program) [ 11 ] , [ 12 ]…”
Background
Treading new ground in household sector innovation research: Scope, emergence, business implications, and diffusion
de Jong, J. P. J., Ben‐Menahem, S. M., Franke, N., Füller, J., & von Krogh, G. (2021) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2021.104270 · Cited by 34
Institutions, Culture, and Open Source
Freytag, A., & von Engelhardt, S. (2013) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1760020 · Cited by 24
Broadcast Search in Problem Solving: Attracting Solutions from the Periphery1
Lakhani, K. R. (2006) · Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) · doi:10.1109/picmet.2006.296842 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Trust and Community in Open Source Software Production
Osterloh, M., & Rota, S. (2004) · Analyse & Kritik · doi:10.1515/auk-2004-0115 · Cited by 23
An empirical study on the teams structures in social coding using GitHub projects
Mezouar, M. E., Zhang, F., & Zou, Y. (2019) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-019-09700-1 · Cited by 28
MODELING DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION ON GITHUB
McDonald, N., Blincoe, K., Petakovic, E., & Goggins, S. P. (2014) · Advances in Complex Systems · doi:10.1142/s0219525914500246 · Cited by 20
“’s [11] study of Freenet examines how “joiners” become “newcomers”, which they define as members with access to directly change code.”
Background
An exploratory study of contribution barriers experienced by newcomers to open source software projects
Hannebauer, C., Book, M., & Gruhn, V. (2014) · CSI-SE 2014 · doi:10.1145/2593728.2593732 · Cited by 24
From Open Source to Open Innovation practices: A case in the Greek context in light of the debt crisis
Παπαδόπουλος, Θ., Stamati, T., Νικολαϊδου, Μ., & Anagnostopoulos, D. (2012) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.10.030 · Cited by 50
Ethnographie de terrain et relation d'enquête. Observer les « communautés » de logiciels libres
Demazière, D., Horn, F., & Zune, M. (2011) · doi:10.3917/socio.022.0165 · Cited by 23
Factors affecting open technological innovation in open source software companies in Korea
Hwang, J., Kim, E., & Kim, S.-H. (2009) · Innovation · doi:10.5172/impp.11.3.279 · Cited by 23
Contributing to the Common Pool Resources in Open Source Software. A Comparison between Individuals and Firms
Bonaccorsi, A., & Rossi, C. (2003) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.430920 · Cited by 23
“The admittance to the programmers’ group is subject only to the demonstrated contribution of valuable code (von Krogh et al., 2003).”
Background
Taxing the development structure of open source communities: An information processing view
Almarzouq, M. N., Grover, V., & Thatcher, J. B. (2015) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2015.09.004 · Cited by 27
Introduction – Professional learning in new knowledge landscapes
Jensen, K., Lahn, L. C., & Nerland, M. B. (2012) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-994-7_1 · Cited by 22
Understanding Moderators’ Conflict and Conflict Management Strategies with Streamers in Live Streaming Communities
Cai, J., & Wohn, D. Y. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580982 · Cited by 15
“As a of the community norms by seeing and practicing [41, 68].”
Background
Peripheral Developer Participation in Open Source Projects: An Empirical Analysis
Krishnamurthy, R., Jacob, V., Radhakrishnan, S., & Dogan, K. (2016) · ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems · doi:10.1145/2820618 · Cited by 17
“In a related work, von Krogh et al. [2003] examine the decision of peripheral developers to join and contribute in OSS projects.”
Background
Developer Behavior and Sentiment from Data Mining Open Source Repositories
Robinson, W. N., Deng, T., & Qi, Z. (2016) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2016.465 · Cited by 17
“active and successful [15-18].”
Discovering how end-user programmers and their communities use public repositories: A study on Yahoo! Pipes
Stolee, K. T., Elbaum, S. G., & Sarma, A. (2012) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2012.10.004 · Cited by 23
Innovation and the Challenge of Novelty: The Novelty-Confirmation-Transformation Cycle in Software and SciencePreprint
Carlile, P. R., & Lakhani, K. R. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1788283 · Cited by 29
“A majority of novelty 4 Consistent with Von Krogh et al (2003) a core member of an OSS project is one that has CVS write access rights, i.e. the changes they make to the repository are considered official, and periphery members lack such access. related to IPv6 is introduced through users finding…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
The Economics of Knowledge Regulation: An Empirical Analysis of Knowledge Flows
Häussler, C. (2010) · R and D Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00593.x · Cited by 21
“" In their study of Freenet, von Krogh et al. (2003) report that people start contributing to the community after a significant period of observation ('lurking').”
Designing sustainable online support: Examining the effects of design change in 49 online health support communities
Introne, J. E., Erickson, I., Semaan, B., & Goggins, S. (2019) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.24250 · Cited by 21
Which contributions predict whether developers are accepted into github teams
Middleton, J., Murphy-Hill, E. R., Green, D., Meade, A. W., Mayer, R. C., White, D., & McDonald, S. (2018) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1145/3196398.3196429 · Cited by 22
Exploring Knowledge Loss in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects
Rashid, M., Clarke, P., & O'Connor, R. (2017) · International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67383-7_35 · Cited by 20
“The limited knowledge of programming language, difficulty level of algorithms, complexity of technologies and source code used in OSS, can cause contribution barriers [46].”
Background
How Firms Can Get Ideas from Users for Sustainable Business Innovation
Cho, C., & Lee, S. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su71215802 · Cited by 20
“A lot of firms in software industries prefer to use open source software as a platform to grab users’ ideas [39–41].”
Background
Big from the beginning: Assessing online contributors’ behavior by their first contribution
Déjean, S., & Jullien, N. (2012) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.03.001 · Cited by 29
Lessons from Volunteering and Free/Libre Open Source Software Development for the Future of Work
Crowston, K. (2011) · Researching the Future in Information Systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21364-9_14 · Cited by 20
“A further limitation of the FLOSS model is that the onus for socialization falls almost entirely on the would-be developer, rather than the team (von Krogh et al. 2003).”
Open for business: emerging business models in open source software
Perr, J., Appleyard, M. M., & Sullivan, P. (2010) · International Journal of Technology Management · doi:10.1504/ijtm.2010.035984 · Cited by 20
“A novel aspect of OSS business models is that they include a role for a community of software developers (Benkler, 2002; Dahlander and Magnusson, 2005; Hertel et al., 2003; O’Mahony, 2003; von Krogh et al., 2003).”
Background
Weblogs for organizational knowledge sharing and creation: a comparative case study
Kaiser, S., Kansy, S., Müller‐Seitz, G., & Ringlstetter, M. J. (2009) · Knowledge Management Research & Practice · doi:10.1057/kmrp.2008.35 · Cited by 18
“Furthermore, altruism and prosocial behavior – as a variant of intrinsic motivation whereby a person seeks to augment the welfare of other people – might lead to further contributions (Kollock, 1999; McLure Wasko & Faraj, 2000; von Krogh et al ., 2003; Zeitlyn, 2003).”
Background
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty to British Supermarkets
Omar, O., & Sawmong, S. (2007) · doi:10.1300/j038v13n02_02 · Cited by 20
“Our findings here therefore support the argument put forward by Von Krogh et al. (2003) that lock-in policy is not a suitable promotional tool for increasing the business value deriving from stable and co-operative relationships.”
Result
Practices of Inclusion in Open Strategy
Hautz, J., Matzler, K., Sutter, J., Hutter, K., & Füller, J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108347921.006 · Cited by 33
Simulating Code Growth in Libre (Open-Source) Mode
Dalle, J., & David, P. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511493201.014 · Cited by 20
Investigating developers' email discussions during decision-making in Python language evolution
Sharma, P., Savarimuthu, B. T. R., Stanger, N., Licorish, S., & Rainer, A. (2017) · International Conference on Evaluation & Assessment in Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3084226.3084271 · Cited by 19
“For instance, research has focused on aspects such as understanding developers’ motivations for contributing [5], and inferring personality traits based on written text [6].”
Background
An Empirical Study of Activity, Popularity, Size, Testing, and Stability in Continuous Integration
Gautam, A., Vishwasrao, S., & Servant, F. (2017) · IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories · doi:10.1109/msr.2017.38 · Cited by 19
“[1] posit that the level of activity (lurkers vs.”
Background
'Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia' as a role model? Lessons for open innovation from an exploratory examination of the supposedly democratic-anarchic nature of Wikipedia
Müller‐Seitz, G., & Reger, G. (2010) · International Journal of Technology Management · doi:10.1504/ijtm.2010.035985 · Cited by 21
“Unconventional organisational mechanisms can be identified that are best manifested in the absence of conventional hierarchies, rules, and internal organisational bodies (Crowston and Howison, 2006; von Krogh et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
Toward an analytic framework for understanding and fostering peer-support communities in using and evolving software products
Gorman, A., & Fischer, G. (2009) · International Conference on Communities and Technologies (C&T) · doi:10.1145/1556460.1556462 · Cited by 18
“All three communities have response rates that are higher than the 61% reported by von Krogh et al. in their study of peer support among users of the Apache Web Server [ 31 ].”
Result
Conception de l’artefact, conception du collectif : dynamique d’un processus de conception ouvert et continu dans une communauté de développement de logiciels libres. Résumé de la thèse de doctorat en Ergonomie
Barcellini, F. (2009) · doi:10.4000/activites.2075 · Cited by 19
“En effet, la capacité à intégrer des nouveaux membres permet de combler le turn-over du petit nombre de personnes (les membres de la core team) qui maîtrise l’architecture du logiciel (Von Krogh et al., 2003).”
Background
Open Source Software, Competition and Innovation
Bitzer, J., & Schröder, P. J. H. (2007) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662710701711315 · Cited by 16
“…Bitzer et al ., 2007), the dynamics in and management of programmer communities (e.g. Krisnamurthy, 2002; Franke and Shah, 2003; Shah, 2003; von Krogh et al ., 2003; Lerner et al ., 2006) and the relation between firms and the programmer community (e.g. Dahlander and Magnusson, 2005, 2006;…”
Background
A Study of Open Source Software Development from Control Perspective
Lin, Z.-X., Xu, B., & Xu, Y. (2011) · Journal of Database Management · doi:10.4018/jdm.2011010102 · Cited by 19
“KEYWORDS: open source software, software development, control, project management”
Background
Inside an open source software community: empirical analysis on individual and group level
Maass, W. (2004) · Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering (WOSSE) · doi:10.1049/ic:20040267 · Cited by 16
“Software development can be described as a collaborative problem-solving activity where success is dependent upon knowledge acquisition, information sharing and integration, as well as the minimisation of communication breakdowns [3].”
Background
Off to a Good Start: Dynamic Contribution Patterns and Technical Success in an OSS Newcomer’s Early Career
Yue, Y., Wang, Y., & Redmiles, D. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3156071 · Cited by 17
“They are summarized into “joining script” [51], and researchers found that the social activities during the onboarding process could be slightly different due to the diverse characteristics of newcomers, for example, student vs. non-student [52].”
Background
Microtask Programming
LaToza, T. D., Lecce, A. D., Ricci, F., Towne, W. B., & van der Hoek, A. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2018.2823327 · Cited by 15
“Taken together, these barriers impose a lengthy joining script [7], dissuading the busy or casually committed from contributing and limiting the pool of millions of potential contributors to only the most committed.”
BackgroundInfluential
Neither a Bazaar nor a cathedral: The interplay between structure and agency in Wikipedia's role system
Arazy, O., Lifshitz‐Assaf, H., & Balila, A. (2018) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.24076 · Cited by 17
“…tended to focus on the activity performed by contributors once already in a structural position, often investigating the differences in activity profiles between different types of roles in Wikipedia (Collier et al. 2010; Zhu et al. 2011) or in open source software projects (von Krogh et al. 2003).”
Background
Social media in transparent work environments
Tsay, J., Dabbish, L., & Herbsleb, J. D. (2013) · International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) · doi:10.1109/chase.2013.6614733 · Cited by 15
“[26] found a similar case in open source software, where potential joiners to a project would often spend anywhere from several weeks to several months observing the project mailing list before contributing.”
Background
On qualitative methodologies and dispersed communities: Reflections on the process of investigating an open source community
Sigfridsson, A., & Sheehan, A. (2011) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2011.01.012 · Cited by 15
Why Most Open Source Development Projects Do Not Succeed?
Katsamakas, E., & Georgantzas, N. C. (2007) · First International Workshop on Emerging Trends in FLOSS Research and Development (FLOSS'07: ICSE Workshops 2007) · doi:10.1109/floss.2007.15 · Cited by 18
“Within projects, developers self-select tasks [12], coordinate and develop code which may be shared with other projects to some extent (cross project network externality).”
Background
Public Provision of a Private Good: What is the Point of the BSD License?Preprint
Gaudeul, A. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.933631 · Cited by 6
A Motivation-Hygiene Model of Open Source Software Code Contribution and Growth
Sharma, P. N., Daniel, S. L., Chung, T. R., & Grover, V. (2022) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00712 · Cited by 20
“Through the process of cognitive sense-making and uncertainty reduction over a period of time, developers improve at writing code and expand their knowledge of project architecture, further reducing the technical barriers and cognitive effort required to contribute (Von Krogh et al. 2003).”
Background
Decoding the Free/Open Source Software Puzzle
Rossi, M. A. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452769-1/50002-0 · Cited by 50
EveryBOTy Counts: Examining Human–Machine Teams in Open Source Software Development
Newton, O. B., Saadat, S., Song, J., Fiore, S. M., & Sukthankar, G. (2022) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12613 · Cited by 16
Development effort estimation in free/open source software from activity in version control systems
Robles, G., Capiluppi, A., Gonzalez-Barahona, J. M., Lundell, B., & Gamalielsson, J. (2022) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-022-10166-x · Cited by 17
“– Full-time developer: Developer who devotes the relative amount of time of a 40 hourweek to the project.3 In some research literature on FOSS, full-time developers are called “professional” developers as compared to volunteers (Sowe et al. 2008; Steinmacher et al. 2015; Von Krogh et al. 2003).”
Background
Triggers of Collaborative Innovation in Online User Communities
Grosse, M., Pohlisch, J., & Korbel, J. J. (2018) · Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc4040059 · Cited by 17
“We identified the field of open-source energy technologies as a useful environment to study user communities, as projects in this context are complex and provide a valuable basis to study collaborative innovation [2,58,59].”
Background
Understanding group maintenance behavior in Free/Libre Open-Source Software projects: The case of Fire and Gaim
Wei, K.-N., Crowston, K., Li, N.-L.-N., & Heckman, R. (2014) · Information Manager (The) · doi:10.1016/j.im.2014.02.001 · Cited by 17
“Research on socialization in FLOSS projects examines the strategies and processes through which new members join an existing FLOSS development project and internalize processes and values that spur participation [6, 24-26].”
Background
On the Geographic Allocation of Open Source Software Activities
von Engelhardt, S., Freytag, A., & Schulz, C. (2013) · International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy · doi:10.4018/jide.2013040103 · Cited by 17
“In addition to this, a more complete and correct picture regarding the supply- 1 For further literature on the division of labor within open source projects etc. see among others den Besten et al. (2008), Giuri et al. (2008), von Krogh et al. (2003).”
Background
The sustainability of open source commons
Curto-Millet, D., & Corsín Jiménez, A. (2023) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2022.2046516 · Cited by 16
“…and economic literature that set the mark for future research (Benkler, 2002), giving a sense that an economic rationale sealed shut the epistemological problematisation of open source sustainability once and for all (e.g., Fang & Neufeld, 2009; Roberts et al., 2006; Von Krogh et al., 2012, 2003).”
Background
From First Patch to Long-Term Contributor: Evaluating Onboarding Recommendations for OSS Newcomers
Turzo, A. K., Sultana, S., & Bosu, A. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3550881 · Cited by 6
“However, due to the challenging nature of the OSS onboarding process [5], [6], most of these candidates fail to become long-term contributors [2], [7].”
Knowledge co-creation with multiple stakeholders: the case of SMEs in China
Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Akram, T., & Hong, Y. (2023) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-01-2022-0005 · Cited by 17
Social Activities Rival Patch Submission for Prediction of Developer Initiation in OSS Projects
Gharehyazie, M., Posnett, D., & Filkov, V. (2013) · 2013 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance · doi:10.1109/icsm.2013.45 · Cited by 16
“performed a detailed case study of the freenet project; they interviewed participants and developers recording their patterns of individual activity and concluded that individuals following these guidelines are highly more likely to become developers [13].”
Background
La socialisation dans les « communautés » de développement de logiciels libres
Demazière, D., Hørn, F., & Zune, M. (2009) · Sociologie et sociétés · doi:10.7202/037914ar · Cited by 21
“Cette caractéris - tique a des implications directes sur l’organisation du collectif et sur les relations entre participants (Von Krogh et al., 2003: 1234; O’Mahony, 2003: 1179-1180).”
Background
How the FLOSS Research Community Uses Email Archives
Squire, M. (2012) · International Journal of Open Source Software & Processes · doi:10.4018/jossp.2012010103 · Cited by 16
Imagined Online Communities: Communionship, Sovereignty, and Inclusiveness in Facebook Groups
Sultana, S., Saha, P., Hasan, S., Alam, S. M. R., Akter, R., Islam, M. M., Arnob, R. I., Islam, A. K. M. N., Al-Ameen, M. N., & Ahmed, S. I. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555132 · Cited by 10
“HCI researchers have studied why and how users have used social media over the past two decades [17, 26, 27, 40, 41, 49, 65, 71, 118, 134].”
Background
Team discussions and dynamics during DevOps tool adoptions in OSS projects
Yin, L., & Filkov, V. (2020) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) · doi:10.1145/3324884.3416640 · Cited by 11
“3416640 tasks, which are then integrated into existing development and production pipelines [14, 50].”
Background
Detecting Java software similarities by using different clustering techniques
Capiluppi, A., Ruscio, D. D., Rocco, J. D., Nguyen, P., & Ajienka, N. (2020) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106279 · Cited by 15
How does Working from Home Affect Developer Productivity? - A Case Study of Baidu During COVID-19 Pandemic
Bao, L.-F., Li, T., Xia, X., Zhu, K., Li, H., & Yang, X.-H. (2020) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.13167 · Cited by 15
“Motivation: Previous studies have shown that programming languages have an important impact on developers’ activities, such as programming comprehension [44], and being a long-time contributors of open source projects [6, 41].”
Background

Authors: von Krogh, G., Spaeth, S., & Lakhani, K. R.
Affiliations: University of St.Gallen (CH)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Spaeth, Sebastian
ORCID: von Krogh, Georg
Spaeth, Sebastian
Lakhani, Karim R
Venue: Research Policy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 32
Issue: 7
Pages: 1217-1241
ISSN: 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-7333(03)00050-7
OpenAlex: W3124560715
Cited by: 1,025
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 79.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Research Policy (publishedVersion)
SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Open Source Software Innovations
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
Keywords: open source software, Freenet, developer communities, specialization, peer-to-peer file sharing, anonymity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: a case study

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks