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Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: a case study
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“Similarly, Mockus et al. (2002) tell us that 15 core developers provide 83% of all Apache contributions while Von Krogh et al . (2003) report that about one percent of Freenet's members account for fifty percent of all developer e-mails.”
From Open Source Software: The New Intellectual Property Paradigm (2006) · cites this paper as Von Krogh et al . (2003)
In the citing paper
“Bergquist and Ljungberg (2001) report that almost all new functionality is provided by small groups while Von Krogh et al. (2003) report that 13% of Freenet developers provide 53% of all new Freenet code.”
From Open Source Software: The New Intellectual Property Paradigm (2006) · cites this paper as Von Krogh et al. (2003)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 741
Collective action and market formation: An integrative framework
Lee, B., Struben, J., & Bingham, C. B. (2017) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2694 · Cited by 134
The Effect of Selective Openness on Value Creation in User Innovation Communities
Balka, K., Raasch, C., & Herstatt, C. (2013) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12102 · Cited by 120
Socialization in Open Source Software Projects: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach
Qureshi, I., & Fang, Y. (2010) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428110375002 · Cited by 121
“Following Von Krogh et al. (2003), we use the term ‘‘joiners’’ to represent the group of peripheral developers who eventually join as core developers.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialResource allocation beyond firm boundaries: A multi-level model for Open Source innovation
Grand, S., von Krogh, G., Leonard, D., & Swap, W. (2004) · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2004.09.006 · Cited by 125
Free/open source software development
Scacchi, W. (2007) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/1295014.1295019 · Cited by 119
Effect of Knowledge-Sharing Trajectories on Innovative Outcomes in Temporary Online Crowds
Majchrzak, A., & Malhotra, A. (2016) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2016.0669 · Cited by 132
Open source barriers to entry, revisited: a sociotechnical perspective
Mendez, C., Padala, H. S., Steine-Hanson, Z., Hilderbrand, C., Horvath, A., Hill, C., Simpson, L., Patil, N., Sarma, A., & Burnett, M. (2018) · Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3180155.3180241 · Cited by 118
“For example, OSS projects rarely provide formal mentoring, and instead expect the newcomers to find the appropriate task that they can contribute to [18, 58].”
BackgroundZhang, C., Hahn, J., & De, P. (2013) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2013.0485 · Cited by 116
“von Krogh et al. (2003) Nondevelopers/list participants are subscribers to the mailing list and do not contribute any code to the repository.”
BackgroundBoudreau, K. J., & Lakhani, K. R. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.08.001 · Cited by 131
Self-citationZhou, M., & Mockus, A. (2010) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/1882291.1882313 · Cited by 107
“[26] looked at the strategies and processes by which newcomers join the existing OSS community, and how they initially contribute code.”
BackgroundFree/Open Source Software Development: Recent Research Results and Methods
Scacchi, W. (2007) · Advances in computers · doi:10.1016/s0065-2458(06)69005-0 · Cited by 100
Why do newcomers abandon open source software projects?
Steinmacher, I., Wiese, I., Chaves, A., & Gerosa, M. (2013) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies · doi:10.1109/chase.2013.6614728 · Cited by 119
“For the analysis, we considered the users that appear as reporters, assignees, or those who have commented any issue.”
BackgroundMethodExtending lead-user theory to online brand communities: The case of the community Ducati
Marchi, G., Giachetti, C., & de Gennaro, P. (2011) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2011.04.005 · Cited by 113
Steinmacher, I., Pinto, G., Wiese, I., & Gerosa, M. A. (2018) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1145/3180155.3180208 · Cited by 91
Open collaborative innovation and digital platforms
Falco, S. E. D., Renzi, A., Orlando, B., & Cucari, N. (2017) · Production Planning & Control · doi:10.1080/09537287.2017.1375143 · Cited by 145
“Frequently, open innovation scholars have adopted the case study method to empirically test their models (Chesbrough 2003; Dittrich and Duysters 2007; Dodgson, Gann, and Salter 2006; Henkel 2006; von Krogh, Spaeth, and Lakhani 2003).”
MethodBalali, S., Steinmacher, I., Annamalai, U., Sarma, A., & Gerosa, M. A. (2018) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1007/s10606-018-9310-8 · Cited by 119
“…some previous work focuses on the motivational forces driving developers to contribute to OSS projects, such as learning opportunities and personal improvement (Bonaccorsi and Rossi, 2004; Roberts et al., 2006; Hars and Ou, 2001; von Krogh et al., 2003; Lakhani and Wolf, 2005; Singh, 2012).”
BackgroundHaefliger, S., Monteiro, E., Foray, D., & von Krogh, G. (2011) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2011.08.001 · Cited by 176
Lee, A., Carver, J. C., & Bosu, A. (2017) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse.2017.25 · Cited by 104
“Both the process of coding a patch and the process of submitting a patch can pose barriers [26].”
BackgroundInfluentialSack, W., Détienne, F., Ducheneaut, N., Burkhardt, J., Mahendran, D., & Barcellini, F. (2006) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1007/s10606-006-9020-5 · Cited by 92
“This reinforced some earlier research findings: Von Krogh et al. (2003), for instance, clearly describe how successful OSS “joiners” spend a significant period of time “lurking” at the periphery (Nonnecke and Preece, 2003), simply observing activities (step 1).”
ResultFrom Innovation Community to Community Innovation
van Oost, E. V., Verhaegh, S., & Oudshoorn, N. (2009) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/0162243907311556 · Cited by 110
“From Innovation Community to Community Innovation User-initiated Innovation in”
BackgroundHow Peripheral Developers Contribute to Open-Source Software Development
Setia, P., Rajagopalan, B., Sambamurthy, V., & Calantone, R. (2012) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1100.0311 · Cited by 110
Lakhani, K. R., Lifshitz‐Assaf, H., & Tushman, M. L. (2013) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849803984.00030 · Cited by 114
“In these anonymous contexts, self- selection drives both participation and effort (von Krogh et al. 2003; Boudreau & Lakhani 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe development of a user network as a way to re-launch an unwanted product
Harrison, D., & Waluszewski, A. (2007) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2007.10.001 · Cited by 101
What’s coming next? Epistemic curiosity and lurking behavior in online communities
Schneider, A., von Krogh, G., & Jäger, P. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.09.008 · Cited by 106
Social Network Structures in Open Source Software Development Teams
Long, Y., & Keng, S.-A. (2007) · Journal of Database Management · doi:10.4018/jdm.2007040102 · Cited by 106
Women’s Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the Literature
Trinkenreich, B., Wiese, I., Sarma, A., Gerosa, M. A., & Steinmacher, I. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/3510460 · Cited by 106
“There is attrition of women contributors as they move through the different stages of the “joining script” [115]—where people start outside the project as readers and passive users; then move to the project periphery as bug fixers, bug reporters, peripheral developers, and active developers”
BackgroundMicrotask programming: building software with a crowd
Latoza, T. D., Towne, W. B., Adriano, C. M., & van der Hoek, A. (2014) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology · doi:10.1145/2642918.2647349 · Cited by 105
Initiating private-collective innovation: The fragility of knowledge sharing
Gächter, S., von Krogh, G., & Haefliger, S. (2010) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2010.04.010 · Cited by 100
“The role of working software (a public good) in generating development activity has been confirmed by statistics on new developers joining the Freenet open source peer-to-peer project (von Krogh et al., 2003).”
BackgroundIdentifying knowledge brokers that yield software engineering knowledge in OSS projects
Sowe, S. K., Stamelos, I. G., & Angelis, L. (2006) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2005.12.019 · Cited by 83
Justification and Interlaced Knowledge at ATLAS, CERN
Tuertscher, P., Garud, R. B., & Kumaraswamy, A. (2014) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2013.0894 · Cited by 121
“In this regard, the findings from this study complement research that has explored social and technical solutions to reduce the possibility of fragmentation as collaborative innovation projects unfold (Garud et al. 2008; O’Mahony and Ferraro 2007; von Krogh et al. 2003).”
Lakhani, K. R., Lifshitz‐Assaf, H., & Tushman, M. L. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1980118 · Cited by 89
“In such M or U form firms, authority is vested with senior leaders who create structures, processes, capabilities, cultures, and information processing capabilities such that firms gain the benefits of specialization as well as integration (eg Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995; Tushman and Nadler, 1978).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe role of mentoring and project characteristics for onboarding in open source software projects
Fagerholm, F., Guinea, A. S., Münch, J., & Borenstein, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the ... ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement/International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement · doi:10.1145/2652524.2652540 · Cited by 97
“[44] gather different aspects related to the process of joining an OSS project, providing observations and suggestions that can”
BackgroundSurvival analysis on the duration of open source projects
Samoladas, I., Angelis, L., & Stamelos, I. G. (2010) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2010.05.001 · Cited by 94
Project strategy: strategy types and their contents in innovation projects
Artto, K. A., Martinsuo, M. M., Dietrich, P. H., & Kujala, J. (2008) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/17538370810846414 · Cited by 101
“…a counter-force to proprietary software packages, often through individual stakeholders’ personal choice and values (e.g. von Hippel & von Krogh 2003, Ulhøi 2004, West 2003) and the need to pool the power of multiple stakeholders for mutual benefit (von Krogh et al. 2003, Henkel 2006, Pisano 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSocio-Technical Interaction Networks in Free/Open Source Software Development Processes
Scacchi, W. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-24262-7_1 · Cited by 70
“There are complex motivations for why F/OSS developers are willing to allocate their time, skill, and effort by joining a F/OSS project [Hars 2002, Hertel 2003, von Krogh 2003].”
BackgroundThe future of the web? The coordination and early‐stage growth of decentralized platforms
Hsieh, Y., & Vergne, J. (2022) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3455 · Cited by 133
“Due to specialization requirements, joining a traditional community of volunteer OSS contributors incurs a cost and does not typically generate monetary rewards (von Krogh et al., 2003).”
BackgroundHann, I.-H., Roberts, J. A., & Slaughter, S. A. (2013) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2013.0474 · Cited by 97
Wilkesmann, U., Wilkesmann, M., & Virgillito, A. (2009) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840609344385 · Cited by 108
“Very similar problems to the above-mentioned social dilemma are contributions to open source software (von Hippel and von Krogh 2003; von Krogh et al. 2003; Kuk 2006), knowledge sharing in intranets as a social dilemma situation (Wiertz and de Ruyter 2007), and self-oriented versus altruistic…”
BackgroundChristensen, K., Nørskov, S., Frederiksen, L., & Scholderer, J. (2016) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/caim.12202 · Cited by 101
Toward a Theory of Remixing in Online Innovation Communities
Stanko, M. A. (2016) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2016.0650 · Cited by 96
Jensen, C., King, S., & Kuechler, V. (2011) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.2011.264 · Cited by 93
“A developer for Freenet asserted, “if you wanted to join an open-source project, the first thing you do is get on the mailing list” [9].”
BackgroundInfluentialCrowdsourced Digital Goods and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Open Source SoftwarePreprint
Nagle, F. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2559957 · Cited by 4
“…users contribute to OSS (Benkler, 2002; Lerner and Tirole, 2002; West and Lakhani, 2008, Athey and Ellison, 2014), how do users join OSS projects (von Krogh, Spaeth, and Lakhani, 2003), how do users help each other contribute to OSS (Lakhani and von Hippel, 2003), and how do OSS communities…”
An Empirical Study of Adoption of Software Testing in Open Source Projects
Kochhar, P. S., Bissyandé, T. F., Lo, D., & Jiang, L. (2013) · Asia-Pacific Conference on Quality Software (APAQS) · doi:10.1109/qsic.2013.57 · Cited by 73
“develop an inductive theory of the open source software (OSS) innovation process to analyse why new people join existing developer community [35].”
Strength in Networks: Employment Rights Organizations and the Problem of Co-Ordination
Heckscher, C. C., & Carré, F. (2006) · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2006.00516.x · Cited by 90
“Key sources on which we have drawn include: For open-source software: DeLanda (2001); Froomkin (2003); Krogha et al. (2003); Lakhani and von Hippel (2003); Mayfield (2005); and Raymond (2002).”
The attraction of contributors in free and open source software projects
dos Santos, C. D., Kuk, G., Kon, F., & Pearson, J. (2012) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2012.07.004 · Cited by 104
Järvenpää, S. L., & Lang, K. R. (2011) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2011.09.002 · Cited by 83
User-led innovation in civic energy communities
de Vries, G. W., Boon, W., & Peine, A. (2015) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2015.09.001 · Cited by 98
Open innovation in software engineering: a systematic mapping study
Munir, H., Wnuk, K., & Runeson, P. (2015) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-015-9380-x · Cited by 88
Detecting Patch Submission and Acceptance in OSS Projects
Bird, C., Gourley, A., & Devanbu, P. T. (2007) · IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories · doi:10.1109/msr.2007.6 · Cited by 87
“Von Krogh et al examined joining scripts (among other things) for newcomers and the processes by which they made contributions to the Freenet project [4].”
BackgroundHidden Figures: Roles and Pathways of Successful OSS Contributors
Trinkenreich, B., Guizani, M., Wiese, I., Sarma, A., & Steinmacher, I. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3415251 · Cited by 67
“The process through which contributors join and evolve in an OSS project has been studied since early 2000’s [19, 41, 57, 64].”
BackgroundInfluentialAnalyzing open-source software systems as complex networks
Zheng, X., Zeng, D. D., Li, H., & Wang, F. (2008) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2008.06.050 · Cited by 106
On the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of free/libre/open source (FLOSS) developers
Krishnamurthy, S. (2006) · Knowledge, technology & policy/Knowledge in society/Knowledge, technology, & policy · doi:10.1007/s12130-006-1002-x · Cited by 85
The processes of joining in global distributed software projects
Herraiz, I., Robles, G., Amor, J. J., Romera, T., & Gonzalez-Barahona, J. M. (2006) · Global Software Development for the Practitioner · doi:10.1145/1138506.1138513 · Cited by 86
“[11], which has targeted the joining and specialization process that occurs in libre software projects and how this affects innovation.”
BackgroundInflow and Retention in OSS Communities with Commercial Involvement
Zhou, M., Mockus, A., Ma, X., Zhang, L., & Mei, H. (2016) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/2876443 · Cited by 85
“Getting involved in an OSS project often starts from the mailing list [von Krogh et al. 2003].”
BackgroundMeasuring developer contribution from software repository data
Gousios, G., Kalliamvakou, E., & Spinellis, D. D. (2008) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1145/1370750.1370781 · Cited by 146
Free/open source software development
Scacchi, W. (2007) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/1287624.1287689 · Cited by 94
“Sometimes they may simply see their effort as something that is fun, personally rewarding, or provides a venue where they can exercise and improve their technical skill or competence in a manner that may not be possible within their current job or line of work [7, 60 ].”
BackgroundA Large Scale Study of Long-Time Contributor Prediction for GitHub Projects
Bao, L., Xia, X., Lo, D., & Murphy, G. C. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2019.2918536 · Cited by 83
“This might be because these scripting languages are easy to learn [63] so that many developers have the ability to make a contribution to the project using these languages.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road to Global Success
Lemstra, W., Hayes, V., & Groenewegen, J. (2010) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511666995 · Cited by 84
Burke, M., Kraut, R. E., & Joyce, E. (2009) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496409351936 · Cited by 81
“…describe the effort they have invested to learn about the group (Galegher et al., 1998), signaling a desire to belong and demonstrating that they have been trying to learn more about the group and its norms before participating more actively (Nonnecke & Preece, 2000; Von Krogh et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLeadership in online creative collaboration
Luther, K., & Bruckman, A. S. (2008) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/1460563.1460619 · Cited by 84
“When developers join OSS projects, they are often rewarded for specializing in one area [ 23 ].”
Enabling knowledge creation through outsiders: towards a push model of open innovation
Spaeth, S., Stuermer, M., & von Krogh, G. (2010) · International Journal of Technology Management · doi:10.1504/ijtm.2010.035983 · Cited by 84
Self-citationFægri, T. E., Dybå, T., & Dingsøyr, T. (2010) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2010.06.002 · Cited by 86
“[73] suggest the use of job rotation to ‘‘broaden the understanding of a project, increasing sensitivity to coupling of tasks, and improve management of interfaces.”
BackgroundOpen Source Software: The New Intellectual Property Paradigm
Maurer, S., & Scotchmer, S. (2006) · NBER Working Paper No. 12148 · doi:10.3386/w12148 · Cited by 81
Scholtes, I., Mavrodiev, P., & Schweitzer, F. (2015) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-015-9406-4 · Cited by 85
“Changes that may be useful for others can then be propagated back to the original repository via a so-called pull request, i.e., a request sent to the maintainers of the root repository to pull the changes from the forked repository and merge them into the main code base.”
BackgroundPark, J., & Gabbard, J. L. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.017 · Cited by 80
Knowledge Reuse in Open Source Software: An Exploratory Study of 15 Open Source Projects
von Krogh, G., Spaeth, S., & Haefliger, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.2005.378 · Cited by 79
“Von Krogh, Spaeth, and Lakhani (2003) found in their study that newcomers often reused software external to the project in order to make their first contributions.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLearning from Mixed Signals in Online Innovation Communities
Riedl, C., & Seidel, V. P. (2018) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2018.1219 · Cited by 98
“…in competitive contest-based online communities, we add to an emerging stream of research that studies learning in these communities (Huang et al. 2014, Singh et al. 2011), as well as the processes by which individuals join those communities (Preece and Shneiderman 2009, von Krogh et al. 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialOpen Collaboration within Corporations Using Software Forges
Riehle, D., Ellenberger, J., Menahem, T., Mikhailovski, B., Natchetoi, Y., Naveh, B., & Odenwald, T. (2009) · IEEE Software · doi:10.1109/ms.2009.44 · Cited by 67
The institutions of open source software: Examining the Debian community
Mateos-Garcia, J. C., & Steinmueller, W. E. (2008) · Information Economics and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.001 · Cited by 69
“7 See Von Krogh et al (2003) for an empirical analysis of some of the joining and specialisation patterns through which novices start participation in the Freenet project.”
BackgroundManaging the Boundary of an 'Open' ProjectPreprint
O'Mahony, S., & Ferraro, F. (2004) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.474782 · Cited by 78
“In their study of the FreeNet project, von Krogh et al (2003) discovered that potential contributors with particular ‘joining scripts’ and contributions of code were more likely to be awarded On an open source project, the vast majority of coding and communication activities are publicly accessible…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTang, T.-Y., Fisher, G. J., & Qualls, W. J. (2021) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.02.013 · Cited by 77
Nagendra, N. P., Narayanamurthy, G., & Moser, R. (2020) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-020-03593-w · Cited by 89
Knowledge sharing in open source software project teams: A transactive memory system perspective
Chen, X., Li, X., Clark, J. G., & Dietrich, G. B. (2013) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.01.008 · Cited by 83
A survey on business processes management suites
Meidan, A., García-García, J. A., Escalona, M. J., & Ramos, I. M. (2016) · Computer Standards & Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.csi.2016.06.003 · Cited by 92
Test confessions: A study of testing practices for plug-in systems
Greiler, M., Arie Van Deursen, A., & Storey, M. (2012) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse.2012.6227189 · Cited by 40
Establishing a framework for Open Geographic Information science
Singleton, A. D., Spielman, S. E., & Brunsdon, C. (2016) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579 · Cited by 73
“These softwares are prevalently available at no cost, and development work is often completed by a community of programmers (von Krogh et al .”
BackgroundWeblog-Technology as a Trigger to Elicit Passion for Knowledge
Kaiser, S., Müller‐Seitz, G., Lopes, M. P., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2007) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508407076151 · Cited by 79
“Furthermore, altruism and prosocial behaviour—as a variant of intrinsic motivation whereby a person seeks to augment the welfare of other people—might lead to further contributions (Kollock, 1999; McLure Wasko and Faraj, 2000; von Krogh et al., 2003; Zeitlyn, 2003).”
BackgroundThe periphery on stage: The intra-organizational dynamics in online communities of creation
Rullani, F., & Haefliger, S. (2013) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2012.10.008 · Cited by 79
“From these studies, the literature has moved on to analyze the process that individuals may go through when progressing from the periphery to the core (Jensen and Scacchi, 2005; O‘Mahony and Ferraro, 2006; von Krogh et al., 2003).”
Why do commercial companies contribute to open source software?
Andersen-Gott, M., Ghinea, G., & Bygstad, B. (2011) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.10.003 · Cited by 73
“However, users are also contributing by identifying and reporting bugs in the software, serving as testers etc (Henkel, 2004; von Krogh et al., 2003; Lerner and Triole, 2002).”
BackgroundFelin, T., Lakhani, K. R., & Tushman, M. L. (2017) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/1476127017706610 · Cited by 87
Self-citationSuccession: Measuring transfer of code and developer productivity
Mockus, A. (2009) · 2009 IEEE 31st International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/icse.2009.5070509 · Cited by 71
“A detailed case study of what a volunteer has to go through to join two open-source projects is presented in [21].”
BackgroundeResearch Workflows for Studying Free and Open Source Software Development
Howison, J. L., Wiggins, A., & Crowston, K. (2008) · International Conference on Open Source Systems · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_39 · Cited by 71
Open knowledge management: Lessons from the open source revolution
Awazu, Y., & Desouza, K. (2004) · J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. · doi:10.1002/asi.20050 · Cited by 71
A qualitative enquiry into OpenStreetMap making
Lin, Y.-W. (2011) · New Rev. Hypermedia Multim. · doi:10.1080/13614568.2011.552647 · Cited by 70
“This transparent, open and collaborative way of developing technologies, which utilises spontaneous community intelligence, has attracted researchers from different backgrounds to make sense of it for the last decade, notably from business and management studies with an emphasis on modelling and providing recommendati…”
BackgroundThe hard life of open source software project newcomers
Steinmacher, I., Wiese, I., Conte, T. U., Gerosa, M. A., & Redmiles, D. (2014) · International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) · doi:10.1145/2593702.2593704 · Cited by 69
“[19] analyzed interviews with developers, emails, source code repository, and documents of the FreeNet project.”
BackgroundBug-fixing and code-writing: The private provision of open source software
Bitzer, J., & Schröder, P. J. H. (2005) · Information Economics and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2005.01.001 · Cited by 67
Developer initiation and social interactions in OSS: A case study of the Apache Software Foundation
Gharehyazie, M., Posnett, D., Vasilescu, B., & Filkov, V. (2014) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-014-9332-x · Cited by 64
Understanding "watchers" on GitHub
Sheoran, J., Blincoe, K., Kalliamvakou, E., Damian, D., & Ell, J. (2014) · International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) · doi:10.1145/2597073.2597114 · Cited by 65
“Project success is related to the size of the developer community around it, which acts as a pool of potential contributors [2].”
BackgroundDavid, P. A., & Rullani, F. (2008) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtn026 · Cited by 72
“In economics and managerial studies this is not a new approach, it has been applied widely in studying a variety of dynamical systems – including those governing industrial populations (e.g., Ezcurra et al., 2006), income distribution (e.g., McCall, 1971; Shorrocks, 1976 ), growth and regional inequality (e.g., Quah,…”
BackgroundHow power users help and hinder open bug reporting
Ko, A. J., & Chilana, P. K. (2010) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753576 · Cited by 67
“In fact, a large amount of work demonstrates that bug reporting is a primary entry point for newcomers [5,7,8,9].”
Patch Review Processes in Open Source Software Development Communities: A Comparative Case Study
Asundi, J., & Jayant, R. (2007) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.2007.426 · Cited by 67
Understanding Human-Machine Networks: A Cross-Disciplinary Survey
Tsvetkova, M., Yasseri, T., Meyer, E. T., Pickering, J. B., Engen, V., Walland, P., Lüders, M., Følstad, A., & Bravos, G. (2018) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3039868 · Cited by 67
“Von Krogh et al. [2003] suggest that “joining scripts” are important if users want to gain access to the collaboration community.”
Robles, G., Gonzalez-Barahona, J. M., Cervigón, C., Capiluppi, A., & Izquierdo-Cortazar, D. (2014) · IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories · doi:10.1145/2597073.2597107 · Cited by 66
“The challenge consists in selecting the appropriate measurements for estimating the work performed, and in mapping such work to developers in a unique way, considering the extremely different working patterns observable in FOSS projects [24, 23, 15, 5].”
BackgroundFolding and Unfolding: Balancing Openness and Transparency in Open Source Communities
Shaikh, M., & Vaast, E. (2016) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2016.0646 · Cited by 78
“…order to have a patch of code accepted all submitting developers need to pass through certain steps of review, and one of the main ones is to persuade a trusted lieutenant that your code is valuable and does not break the system (Schweik 2003; von Hippel and von Krogh 2003; von Krogh et al. 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialPredicting Developers' Negative Feelings about Code Review
Egelman, C. D., Murphy-Hill, E., Kammer, E., Hodges, M., Green, C., Jaspan, C., & Lin, J. (2020) · International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3377811.3380414 · Cited by 65
“von Krogh and colleagues found that in one open source community, potential contributors who followed an implicit “joining script” have a better chance of having their code reviews accepted [27].”
BackgroundFollowing the Sun: Temporal Dispersion and Performance in Open Source Software Project Teams
Colazo, J., & Fang, Y. (2010) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00243 · Cited by 55
“Although achieving core developer status is not a trivial quest (Qureshi and Fang, 2010), most OSS projects make it extremely easy for individuals to join in and contribute knowledge, to ensure a sufficient supply of developers (Franke and von Hippel, 2003, Hertel et al., 2003, Lerner and Tirole, 2000, Roberts et al.,…”
BackgroundBeyond pretty pictures: Examining the benefits of code visualization for Open Source newcomers
Park, Y., & Jensen, C. (2009) · Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis · doi:10.1109/vissof.2009.5336433 · Cited by 61
“Perhaps the most in-depth and comprehensive studies of the process to date are [42] and [14].”
BackgroundFoss, N. J., Frederiksen, L., & Rullani, F. (2015) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2439 · Cited by 77
How Gender-Biased Tools Shape Newcomer Experiences in OSS Projects
Padala, H. S., Mendez, C., Fronchetti, F., Steinmacher, I., Steine-Hanson, Z., Hilderbrand, C., Horvath, A., Hill, C., Simpson, L., Burnett, M., et al. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2020.2984173 · Cited by 54
“For example, OSS projects rarely provide formal mentoring and instead expect the newcomers to find the appropriate task that they can contribute to [60], [61].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe role of business networks for innovation
Öberg, C. (2018) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2017.10.001 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- von Krogh, G., Spaeth, S., & Lakhani, K. R.
- Affiliations
- University of St.Gallen (CH)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spaeth, Sebastian
- Venue
- Research Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1217-1241
- ISSN
- 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3124560715
- Cited by
- 1,025
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 79.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Research Policy (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Open Source Software Innovations
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Keywords
- open source software, Freenet, developer communities, specialization, peer-to-peer file sharing, anonymity
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