Signaling to p53
Open accessAbstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein transmits signals arising from various forms of cellular stress, including DNA damage, hypoxia, and nucleotide deprivation, to genes and factors that induce cell cycle arrest and cell death. We can thus define events as being upstream or downstream of p53. The endpoint of the upstream component of this pathway is that levels of the p53 protein are dramatically increased through posttranscriptional mechanisms, often by one or two orders of magnitude. There is also evidence that in addition to elevating p53 levels, such signals convert the protein from an inert form to one that is activated for sequence-specific transcriptional activation (reviewed in Ko and Prives 1996). Stress signals are not the only means by which p53 becomes stabilized. The DNA viruses SV40 and adenovirus encode gene products, T antigen and E1a, respectively, that lead to increased quantities of p53 protein in cells. Moreover, under some conditions expression of cellular factors such as Myc or Ras can also result in p53 induction. Although this might seem at odds with the outcome of transformation caused by viral or cellular oncogenes, viruses and cells have evolved several ways to counteract the growth suppression functions of induced p53. The downstream component of the p53 pathway has been relatively well explored, and many transcriptional targets of p53 have been identified and characterized, including the gene encoding the CDK inhibitor, p21. By contrast, the upstream component had been quite elusive until recently, and a number of significant breakthroughs have now provided insight into this aspect of p53. While there are likely to be multiple modes of induction of p53, current knowledge suggests that diverse upstream signals funnel into a single critical interaction, namely that between p53 and its negative regulator, MDM2.
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Flanking sequences of Ser166 are also conserved in mouse (Ser163), dog (Ser166), and zebrafish (Ser146) but not in Xenopus.
“The flanking sequences of Ser 166 are also conserved in mouse (Ser 163 ), dog (Ser 166 ), and zebrafish (Ser 146 ) but not in Xenopus (13,14).”
From Stabilization of Mdm2 via Decreased Ubiquitination Is Mediated by Protein Kinase B/Akt-dependent Phosphorylation (2004) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Prives, C.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Prives, Carol
- ORCID
- Prives, Carol
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-8
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014170738
- Cited by
- 623
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 32.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- p53, tumor suppressor signaling, p53 stabilization, post-transcriptional regulation, DNA damage response, hypoxia, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, p53 transcriptional activation, SV40 T antigen, adenovirus E1A, c-Myc, Ras, p21, MDM2, p53-MDM2 interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
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