Cited by 78Menstrual Health and DisordersMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMenopause: Health Impacts and Treatments

Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder

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Rapkin, Andrea J, Lewis, Erin I·2013·Women s Health

Abstract

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is comprised of a cluster of affective, behavioral and somatic symptoms recurring monthly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The disorder affects 3-8% of menstruating women and represents the more severe and disabling end of the spectrum of premenstrual disorders, which includes premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual aggravation of underlying affective disorder. Rigorous and specific diagnostic criteria for PMDD were specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (1994) and reaffirmed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (2013) and, consequently, there has been a marked increase in well-designed, placebo-controlled studies evaluating treatment modalities. Although the exact pathogenesis of PMDD is still elusive, treatment of PMDD and severe premenstrual syndrome has centered on neuromodulation via serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, and ovulation suppression utilizing various contraceptive and hormonal preparations. Unlike the approach to the treatment of depression, serotonergic antidepressants need not be given daily, but can be effective when used cyclically, only in the luteal phase or even limited to the duration of the monthly symptoms. Less, well-substantiated alternative treatments, such as calcium supplementation, agnus castus (chasteberry), Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) and cognitive/behavioral/relaxation therapies, may be useful adjuncts in the treatment of PMDD. This review provides an overview of current information on the treatment of PMDD.

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Crossref · 10.2217/whe.13.62

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Authors
Rapkin, A. J., & Lewis, E. I.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Venue
Women s Health
Published
2013-11
Volume
9
Issue
6
Pages
537-556
ISSN
  • 1745-5057 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-5065
OpenAlex
W2162575509
Cited by
78
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
FWCI
0.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Women s Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Keywords
premenstrual dysphoric disorder, premenstrual syndrome, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, ovulation inhibition, hormonal contraception, calcium supplementation, Vitex agnus-castus, Hypericum perforatum, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, luteal phase, menstrual cycle
MeSH terms
Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Danazol, Estrogen Antagonists, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Premenstrual Syndrome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Mood Disorders

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