Psychological intervention for premenstrual syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of psychological interventions for premenstrual syndrome. METHODS: We systematically searched and selected studies that enrolled women with premenstrual syndrome in which investigators randomly assigned them to a psychological intervention or to a control intervention. Trials were included irrespective of their outcomes and, when possible, we conducted meta-analyses. RESULTS: Nine randomized trials, of which 5 tested cognitive behavioural therapy, contributed data to the meta-analyses. Low quality evidence (design and implementation weaknesses of the studies, possible reporting bias) suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy significantly reduces both anxiety (effect size [ES] = -0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.15 to -0.01; number needed to treat [NNT] = 5), and depression (ES = -0.55; 95% CI = -1.05 to -0.05; NNT = 5), and also suggests a possible beneficial effect on behavioural changes (ES = -0.70; 95% CI = -1.29 to -0.10; NNT = 4) and interference of symptoms on daily living (ES = -0.78; 95% CI = -1.53 to -0.03; NNT = 4). Results provide much more limited support for monitoring as a form of therapy and suggest the ineffectiveness of education. CONCLUSIONS: Low quality evidence from randomized trials suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy may have important beneficial effects in managing symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome.
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CBT can reduce premenstrual anxiety and depression.
“The results of systematic review [10] and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [13, 14] suggest that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can reduce premenstrual anxiety and depression, have a beneficial impact on behavioural change, and reduce interference of premenstrual symptoms on daily living [15, 16–18].”
CBT has a beneficial impact on behavioural change.
“The results of systematic review [10] and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [13, 14] suggest that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can reduce premenstrual anxiety and depression, have a beneficial impact on behavioural change, and reduce interference of premenstrual symptoms on daily living [15, 16–18].”
CBT can reduce interference of premenstrual symptoms on daily living.
“The results of systematic review [10] and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [13, 14] suggest that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can reduce premenstrual anxiety and depression, have a beneficial impact on behavioural change, and reduce interference of premenstrual symptoms on daily living [15, 16–18].”
Taking part in an intervention for PMDs can reduce psychological premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual distress.
“The finding of significant differences across time when the groups are collapsed (ignoring the intervention group assignment), confirms previous reports [10, 13, 14] that taking part in an intervention for PMDs can reduce psychological premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual distress [15, 16, 18, 20, 72, 73].”
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- Authors
- Busse, J. W., Montori, V. M., Krasnik, C., Patelis-Siotis, I., & Guyatt, G. H.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Venue
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-15
- ISSN
- 0033-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0348
- OpenAlex
- W2083455763
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- premenstrual syndrome, psychological intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, premenstrual depression, symptom monitoring, patient education, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Premenstrual Syndrome, Psychotherapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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